Financial Accounting: Recording Business Transactions Analysis

This assignment solution presents a comprehensive analysis of recording and interpreting business transactions. Part A meticulously details the double-entry bookkeeping process, showcasing the recording of transactions in T-accounts, balancing accounts, and creating a trial balance. It then proceeds to construct an income statement and a statement of financial position, providing a complete overview of the company's financial performance and position as of September 30, 2019. Part B focuses on ratio analysis, comparing James plc's financial ratios to industry competitors. The analysis includes calculating and interpreting key ratios such as net profit margin, gross profit margin, current ratio, acid test ratio, and accounts receivable and payable periods. The solution identifies significant performance variations and provides insights into areas where James plc could improve its financial management. Appendices provide supporting documentation, including detailed T-accounts, account balances, the trial balance, the income statement, and the statement of financial position.

RECORDING BUSINESS
TRANSACTION

Contents
PART A...........................................................................................................................................1
a) Double entry recorded in T accounts (Appendix 1)...........................................................1
b) Balance the accounts and bring down on opening balance (Appendix 2).........................1
c) Trial balance as at 30th September 2019 (Appendix 3)......................................................1
d) Prepare an income statement for the period ended 30th September (Appendix 4).............1
e) Statement of financial position as at 30th September 2019 (Appendix 5)..........................1
PART B............................................................................................................................................1
i) Ratios for James..................................................................................................................1
ii) Analysis of performance....................................................................................................1
APPENDIX......................................................................................................................................3
Appendix 1.............................................................................................................................3
Appendix 2.............................................................................................................................4
Appendix 3.............................................................................................................................8
Appendix 4.............................................................................................................................9
Appendix 5.............................................................................................................................9

PART A
a) Double entry recorded in T accounts (Appendix 1)
b) Balance the accounts and bring down on opening balance (Appendix 2)
c) Trial balance as at 30th September 2019 (Appendix 3)
d) Prepare an income statement for the period ended 30th September (Appendix 4)
e) Statement of financial position as at 30th September 2019 (Appendix 5)
PART B
i) Ratios for James
James ratios
Competitors'
average
Net profit margin 15% 28%
Gross profit margin 60% 65%
Current ratio 16.12X 2.1X
Acid test ratio 15.18X 1.5X
Accounts receivable collection
period 60.83 or 61 days 47 days
Accounts payable payment period 243 days 65 days
ii) Analysis of performance
On the basis of calculated ratios of James plc, this can be find out that there is huge
variation between this company and its competitors performance. In accordance of computed net
profit margin ratio, it can be find out that James plc is able to generate 15% margin from its
operations. While its competitors are generating 28% net margin after deducting all expenses. It
is indicating that company's performance is weaker in terms of net profit margin.
In the aspect of gross profit margin of James plc, it can be assessed that their ratio is of
60% which is 5% lesser to competitors' ratio. This is not a huge difference and it can be covered
by reducing cost of sales.
The current ratio of James plc is of 16.12:1 times and competitors' ratio is of 2:1 times.
Here is a huge difference which is indicating that James plc should make focus on minimising its
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current liabilities so that their current ratio may reach its ideal form which is of 2:1. The
company is needed to reduce their ratio by 14.02 times so that their liquidity position may
increase.
In accordance of acid test ratio of James plc, it can be find out that it is of 15.18 times and
competitors' ratio is of 1.5:1. Similar as the above current ratio, this ratio is too higher in
compare to competitor. The receivable period is higher of James as 61 days and payable days is
counted as 243 days that states that comparative to competitors it gets payment form debtors
within 61 days and pay its creditors in 243 days.
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APPENDIX
Appendix 1
No. DATE ACCOUNT DEBIT
( + )
CREDIT
( - )
1 1-Sep Bank £3,200
Cash £12,000
Computer £1,000
To Capital
account £16,200
2 2-Sep Purchase a/c £900
To David £900
3 3-Sep Computer account £2,000
To Bank £2,000
4 5-Sep Bank a/c £500
To sales £500
5 6-Sep Purchase a/c £400
To cash £400
6 10-Sep Rent £600
To Bank £600
7 12-Sep Computer repair £100
To cash £100
8 18-Sep David £100
To Purchase
return £100
9 21-Sep Bank account £300
To Rent received £300
10 23-Sep Joseph £400
To Sales £400
11 23-Sep Cash £1,500
To sales £1,500
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12 24-Sep Car £1,000
To bank £1,000
13 30-Sep Wages £700
To Cash £700
14 30-Sep Drawing a/c £450
To cash £450
Appendix 2
Cash Bank
12,000.0
0
400.0
0
3,200.0
0
2,000.0
0
1,500.0
0
100.0
0
500.0
0
600.0
0
700.0
0
300.0
0
1,000.0
0
450.0
0
13,500.0
0
1,650.0
0
4,000.0
0
3,600.0
0
11,850.00 - 400.00 -
Purchase David
900.0
0
100.0
0
900.0
0
400.0
0
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1,300.0
0 -
100.0
0
900.0
0
1,300.00 - - 800.00
Rent Computer repair
600.0
0
100.0
0
600.0
0 -
100.0
0 -
600.00 - 100.00 -
Rent Received Joseph
300.0
0
400.0
0
-
300.0
0
400.0
0 -
- 300.00 400.00 -
Wage Drawings
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700.0
0
450.0
0
700.0
0 -
450.0
0 -
700.00 - 450.00 -
Computer
1,000.00
2,000.00
3,000.00 -
3,000.00 -
Sales
500.00
400.00
1,500.00
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- 2,400.00
- 2,400.00
Capital
16,200.00
- 16,200.00
- 16,200.00
Car
1,000.00
1,000.00 -
1,000.00 -
Purchase return
100.00
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- 100.00
- 100.00
Appendix 3
Trial balance
1 Cash £11,850.00 -
2 bank £400.00 -
3 computer £3,000.00 -
4 Purchase £1,300.00 -
5 David - £800.00
6 Sales - £2,400.00
7 Rent £600.00 -
8 Computer repair £100.00 -
9 Capital - £16,200.00
10 Rent received - £300.00
11 Joseph £400.00 -
12 Car £1,000.00 -
13 wage £700.00 -
14 Drawing £450.00 -
15 Purchase return - £100.00
Total £ 19,800.00 £ 19,800.00
Appendix 4
Income statement
Sales
£
2,400.00
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Less: cost of goods sold
Opening inventory -
Purchase less returns
£
1,200.00
(-) closing inventory -£250.00 -£950.00
Gross profit £1,450.00
other incomes
Rent received £300.00 £300.00
£1,750.00
Less: operating expenses
Rent £600.00
Computer repairs £100.00
Wages £700.00
-
£1,400.00
Profit £350.00
Appendix 5
Financial position statement
Equity and liabilities
Capital £16,200.00
(-) Drawings -£450.00
(+) profit £350.00 £16,100.00
Noncurrent liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable £800.00 £800.00
Total liabilities £16,900.00
Assets
Non-current assets
Car £1,000.00
Computer £3,000.00 £4,000.00
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Current assets
Cash £11,850.00
Closing inventory £250.00
bank £400.00
Accounts receivable Joseph £400.00 £12,900.00
Total assets £16,900.00
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