Analysis of Financial Lease Accounting and Reporting Standards

This report offers a comprehensive overview of financial lease accounting and reporting, focusing on the Australian Accounting Standard Board (AASB) 117. It defines key terms such as financial lease, operating lease, lease period, and minimum lease payments. The report explains the accounting treatment for lessors and lessees, including initial recognition, subsequent measurement, and the journal entries involved. It also outlines the sources of income for lessors and details the required disclosures, such as unearned finance income, unguaranteed residual value, and reconciliation statements of minimum lease payments. The report references relevant sources to support the information provided, making it a useful resource for understanding the complexities of financial lease accounting. This report is a solved assignment available on Desklib, a platform that provides AI-based study tools and resources for students.

CORPORATE ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING
Introduction
The Australian Accounting Standard Board recognises concept of leasing u/s AASB 117 in
alignment with Section 334 of the Corporation Acts, 2001.
Under the said standard, lease has been defined as an agreement under which a lessor allows
a lessee to use the asset for a fixed period of time in return of a series of payment.
Further, financial lease has been defined as a lease under which the lessor substantially
transfers all its risk and reward associated with the ownership to Lessee. Further, the same
may or may not be eventually transferred.
Operating lease has been defined as a lease which is other than financial lease.
It is also important to note that under the financial lease, the lessor recognises the sale of asset
and lessee depreciates the same in its books recognising it as purchase. (Australian
Accounting Standard Board, 2015)
Accounting of Financial Lease
Key Terms
(a) Inception of the lease: It is the date at which the lease agreement has been signed or
commitment has been made by the parties to the principal provisions of the lease;
(b) Lease Period: It is a non-cancellable period for which the asset has been leased to lessee
by lessor;
(c) Minimum Lease Payments: It is the payment that is required to be made by the lessor
over the term of lease and shall include guaranteed residual value;
(d) Unguaranteed residual Value: Payment that shall be derived by lessor at the end of
lease tenure which is not guaranteed by lessee or any third party;
(e) Guaranteed Residual Value: Payment that shall be derived by the lessor at the end of
lease tenure which is guaranteed by lessee or any third party;
(f) Gross Investment Value : Net investment value plus finance charge;
(g) Net Investment Value: The value derived by discounting gross investment at a specified
rate of interest.
Sources of Income
For a lessor entering into financial lease, there is generally two source of receipt of income:
(a) Sale value of asset at the inception of lease;
(b) Finance charge realised on net investment over the life of lease.

Initial Recognition
In terms of the Australian Accounting standard board 117, at the initiation of lease term the
lessor shall carry on the following accounting in his books:
(a) Treat the leasing of asset as sales made during the reporting period;
(b) The value of such sale shall be gross value of investment discounted at a discount rate;
(c) The rate of discount shall be the interest rate implicit in the contract;
(d) The profit or loss from such asset disposition shall be recognised in Profit and Loss
Account at the end of reporting period;
(e) Any direct cost associated with leasing of such asset shall not increase the value of net
amount receivable as it happens in case of people other than manufacturer or dealer;
(f) The amount to received shall be recorded as lease receivable on the asset side of the
balance sheet at net investment value;
The journal entries in the book of lessee and lessor have been discussed here-in-below:
Date Particulars LF Amount Amount
In the books of Lessor
Lease Receivable A/c…Dr
To Sales A/c
In the books of Lessee
Leased Asset A/c…Dr
To Lease Liability A/c
(Accounting explained.com, 2013)
SubsequentMeasurement
Post initial recognition of asset the following accounting treatment shall be meted out in the
books of lessor who is a dealer or manufacturer:
(a) Treatment of such sales made by the lessor in Profit and Loss Account;
(b) Reduction of Lease receivable income on receipt of lease payment;
(c) Bifurcation of receipt of such lease income under the head principal investment value
and finance charge;
(d) Treating finance charge under profit and loss account as profit at the end of the
reporting period;
(e) Direct cost which are part of the contract and has been incurred to crystallize the sale
shall be recognised as expense in Profit and Loss Account;
(f) If the rate of interest under the contract is substantially low than the profit under the
sales made shall be allocated to profit and Loss proportionately.
The journal entries for recording the said transactions in books of account have been provided
here-in-below: (AccountingExplained.com, 2013)

Date Particulars LF Amount Amount
In the books of Lessor
Bank A/c…Dr
To Lease Receivable A/c
To Finance Charge A/c
Finance Charge A/c…Dr
To Profit and Loss A/c
Profit and Loss A/c..
To Direct costs A/c.
Sales A/c…
To Profit and Loss A/c.
In the books of Lessee
Lease Liability A/c…Dr
Interest expense A/c..Dr
To Bank A/c
Profit and Loss A/c..Dr
To Interest expense A/c
Disclosures
Further, the lessor in terms of AASB 117 shall be required to make the following disclosures.
The disclosures shall be in extra to disclosures that are required to be made under AASB 7.
Thedetails of the disclosures that shall be made has been provided here-in-below:
(a) Part of the Finance income which is unearned by the lessor at the end of reporting
period;
(b) Part of unguaranteed residual value that shall be pending to the lessor at the end of
reporting period;
(c) The accumulated allowance for the part or full of uncollectible minimum lease payment
by the lessor at the end of the reporting period; (Australian Accounting Standard Board,
2015)
(d) Any income receipt during the year in the nature of rent of contingent nature;
(e) Material arrangements entered by the lessor -a general description of the same;
(f) Further, the lessor shall disclose in its financial statement a reconciliation statement of
the value of present value of minimum lease payment that shall be receivable by the
lessor and the reduced gross investment of the lessor at the end of the reporting period

.
Further, the lessor shall be required to make the following disclosures::
(i) Payment that shall be received by lessor within 1 year;
(ii) Payment that shall be received by lessor post 1 year but within 5year;
(iii) Payments that shall be received by lessor post 5 years.
References:
Accounting explained.com, 2013, Accounting for Leases, [Online]
Available at: https://accountingexplained.com/financial/leases/
[Accessed 16 September 2018].
AccountingExplained.com, 2013.\, Accounting for Leases, [Online]
Available at: https://accountingexplained.com/financial/leases/
[Accessed 16 September 2018].
Australian Accounting Standard Board, 2015, AAS,. [Online]
Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB117_08-15.pdf
[Accessed 16 September 2018].
Australian Accounting Standard Board, 2015, Leases, [Online]
Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB117_08-15.pdf
[Accessed 16 September 2018].