This report presents a comprehensive financial analysis of Caltex Australia Limited and Whitehaven Coal Limited, both prominent corporations listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) within the energy sector. The analysis encompasses a detailed examination of their annual reports, focusing on key financial aspects such as owner's equity, cash flow statements (operating, investing, and financing activities), and the accounting for corporate income tax over the years 2017, 2016, and 2015. The study compares their performance, revealing that Whitehaven Coal Limited demonstrates superior performance in managing investing and financing activities and exhibits a stronger solvency position with a lower debt-to-equity ratio compared to Caltex. The report includes a comparative analysis of debt and equity structures, highlighting the financial risks associated with each company's capital structure. Furthermore, the report provides insights into the cash flow statements, analyzing the inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities of both companies. The report also includes a detailed analysis of the tax structure of both the companies.