This report provides a detailed explanation of the five-layer network model, crucial for understanding data transmission in networks. It begins by outlining the physical layer, detailing the hardware components like Cat6 cabling, nodes, routers, and switches. The report then moves through the data link layer, focusing on Ethernet protocols and MAC addresses. The transport layer's role in multiplexing and demultiplexing traffic via ports is explained, followed by an analysis of the network layer, including IP addresses and the function of routers in directing data. The report describes how routers find the shortest routes and how data packets traverse networks. Finally, it discusses the application layer, which handles user application requests and interacts with the transport layer using protocols such as HTTP, SMTP, and DNS. The report concludes by highlighting the role of a 3-way handshake in establishing a TCP connection.