FND3002: Health & Social Care Book Review on Adolescent Stage

This report provides a book review focusing on adolescent development within the context of health and social care, particularly in relation to the FND3002 module. It explores the various developmental stages of adolescence, highlighting the biological and social influences that shape this period. The review delves into the physical, intellectual, social, and emotional changes adolescents undergo, including the impact of puberty, cognitive growth, and the development of social skills. It also addresses the challenges and risks associated with adolescence, such as mental health issues, substance abuse, and the search for identity. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding these factors to provide appropriate support and guidance to adolescents during this critical phase of life. The document is contributed by a student and available on Desklib, a platform offering a wealth of study resources.

BOOK REVIEW

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.......................................................................................................................3
Development stage of adolescents................................................................................3
Biological influences during adolescent period..............................................................4
Social influences during adolescence period.................................................................6
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION
Social and Healthcare is defined as care or after care of a person. It is related to
control, prevention, cure of a disease. Social care supports the vulnerable condition
of people, usually provide support in community, society (Zhuravleva and Lakomova,
2019). Social and health care is very important during adolescent age of person who is
going to approach new development in their life. It is the time when adolescent needs
so much health and social care to adapt physical, cognitive and psychological growth.
This assignment discuss all the development phase of person and their importance of
social and biological factor which influences during their development period.

MAIN BODY
Development stage of adolescents
Adolescence is the time stage when person transits between the childhood and
adulthood. Children who are experiencing adolescence are going through several
physical, intellectual, social and personality development changes. But adolescence is
not only marked as physical changes young people are also gone through intellectual
changes, social and personality development changes. The physical changes which
occur in adolescents are their spurt growth which signifies early maturation signs.
Physical changes also create complexion problem in adolescent during this period
adolescent might deal with their voice change. Their physical organs begin
reproduction. The intellectual changes bring maturity in children's as they are growing to
adolescent period in which their thinking level rise as before children only able to think
logical and in precise manner but after entering into adolescent period they think
beyond the limits and can posses many decisions (Fleary, Joseph and
Pappagianopoulos, 2018). This changes gives them to deal with the abstractions and
allows seeing infinite possibilities. Yet this intellectual change also develops egocentric
and attitude behaviour in adolescent.
Social and emotional changes are developed in adolescents during this period.
During this phase adolescents search their identity. They seek for the independence
and started identifying their goals of life. The sudden and fast physical changes in
adolescents makes them very self-conscious. Due to this phase they became worried
and sensitive about the physical development of their own body. During adolescence
period some adolescent leave their parents house and lived by their own to develop
their identity. They took the decision of their life by their own without involvement of their
parents. But it will give bad effect on them so it is required for the adolescent to involve
their parents opinion too into their decision-making. Also, to avoid any bad situation
adolescent needs to share their feeling to their parents, so they can resolve their
problem. During this time friends became more important to adolescents as compared
to their parents (Lu, 2019). If their company is good then it will develop good habits in
adolescents otherwise bad company can destroy their life.

Biological influences during adolescent period
Adolescent is the transition period between childhood and adulthood. During this
period many biological and social development occurs in adolescents body. Which
drives them more worried and conscious about their physical changes. Biological
process drives many changes in development period of adolescence with the onset
marking of puberty pass to person from their childhood to adolescence period. The
transition period of childhood to adulthood consider as a puberty, which operate many
new changes in adolescent in boys the changes occurred are their voice changes,
puberty in a boy does not start with sudden incident, it started gradually between the
age of 13 and 17. But in the case of girls puberty started 2 years before boys. Early
or late maturation development in adolescents create a bad impact on adolescents
mood. Pubertal maturation is mainly controlled by brain, pituitary gland which interact
with the social, cultural environment. During adolescent period the main puberty change
is that development of brain in adolescent. Changes in brain stimulate the cognitive
growth and development in adolescent also develop reasoning capacity.
However it is completely understood that physical and biological growth during
puberty changes the adolescent's behaviour. Major biological change occur in
adolescence period is physiological change. In this physiological change adolescent
face mental health problem. Puberty drives the hormonal and biological changes in
adolescent which directly impact on their moods and state of mind. Cognitive changes
made during puberty period improve meta cognitive process in adolescent (Åström,
2021). Cognitive growth in adolescents developed decision taking ability, social
development through which they make their own decision. Although the logical
reasonable properties reach at the age of 16 in adolescent. During this physiological
changes the psychological capacities, emotional regulation, impulse controlling, risk
taking abilities developed in adolescents these process affects the characteristics
development period of adolescent. Although the pubertal period in adolescents is
predictable and generally varies in timing. Development of social skills played a critical
task in physical development of adolescents. Adolescents who failed in developing the
social relationship will face problem in decision making.

Adolescence period is a time of immerse growth and posses with many changes
but it also contains risk. Many adolescent separate from their family and live by their
own from which they live life without any control of their parent. During this period
adolescents separates from their parents and live by their own. From which there are
some possibilities in which adolescents can holds the bad company which impact their
future and present life. Puberty in adolescent impact their moods and state of mind.
Rapidly changes in their body can lead adolescent to feel depressed and uncomfortable
(Lamblin, 2017). They also feel physical awkwardness when their one part of the body
has not developed like rest part. During this time adolescent needs mental support from
their family members who can lift up their mood and lighten up their mood. Parents
need to listen their teen's concern and don't make them feel different because it
happens to everyone at this age. Parents need to cooperate with their teen's feeling so
that they cannot feel pressured and depressed.
Adolescence is generally viewed in the context of puberty. However, it promotes
growth and development of physical properties in adolescent's body. Biological
development for some adolescents started at their early ages. These changes affect the
mood of adolescent they feel loneliness and depressed at the same time they also feel
they are different from others. Adolescent take their own decisions and proceed with
them. During this time adolescent rely on their friends and colleagues rather than on
their parents. These biological changes impact their behaviours some adolescent does
not obey their parents order, sometimes their family's thought and their own thoughts
conflicts which gives bad impact on their relation. But in different case some adolescent
listens to their parents and make their decision influenced by their parents . Therefore,
because of this adolescence time some teens move out from their family and pursue
their own dreams (Beyens, 2020). To improve the relation between parents and
adolescent parents need to understand their situation which they are going through,
they need to listen their thoughts and make them feel good so that they can open up
about their thoughts and feelings.
Biological changes also develop physical strength, clumsiness in adolescents.
Because of this period children grows rapidly there is a change of centre of gravity
which impact their brain to make adjustment. This change affects the adolescents

balance, therefore due to this clumsiness can be seen in adolescents. These biological
changes also promote the weight gain in adolescents they eat more and gain weight.
These changes impact sleep patterns in adolescents they stay awake later at the night
and sleep until later in the morning.
Social influences during adolescence period
Social impact on adolescent can be seen in their behaviour. It is the process in
which adolescent directly or indirectly follow the actions and thoughts of other people.
Most of the adolescent feel distance from their parents and live by their own or some
adolescent separate from their parents to hostels to pursue their career. Usually some
adolescents involve in bad company from which they started adapting bad habits which
affect their physical growth and also prevent their present and future life (Huynh and
Chiang, 2018). Some adolescent at this period started drinking alcohol and smoking
which affect their physical growth, these bad habits fills negativity in adolescent's
behaviour therefore they feel distance from their parents and most of the time their
thoughts conflicts. Moreover social influence also have good impact on adolescent's life
it developed interpersonal process in adolescent it allows them to take their own
decisions. Adolescent engage with their colleagues, they more cooperate with the
volunteering work for the good cause of the society.
Social factors generally way of accepting the way of thinking, feeling or
behavioural activities. It allows adolescent to develop these social norms. Social factor
develops risk taking abilities in adolescents during this time risk assessment becomes a
main part in adolescents life. Adolescent are more likely connected with risky behaviour
which includes bad habits like dangerous driving, substance abuse which impact very
bad on them. Most of the adolescent develop habit of drinking therefore they become a
victim of substance abuse which create bad impact on their life and also make them
distracted from their life's goal, also it develops loneliness and depressed feeling.
During this adolescence time social changes enables adolescent to search their own
identity, they identify their talent and skills to pursue with (Altekar, 2021). They identify
their inner feeling who they are and where they fit in this world. Parents notice their child

to trying out new fashion, new technological equipments, new interest, art, friend circle.
Although they also consider their parents opinion too.
Social changes enables the development of various changes in adolescent. In
this time adolescent want more in-dependency, they thought more freely without
influence of other. Adolescent become independent about everything the live their life
by their own make decisions by their own without thinking about other's opinion, they
spent their time with the things they want to, they carelessly spent their money without
even think about their parents. Due to this in-dependency adolescent become more
irresponsible and it affects their relation with their family and friends. Their routine
changes some adolescent drives rashly, develops drinking habits without even thinking
of other. Although social changes in adolescent develops good habits they feel more
engagement with others in their college and schools, they openly participated in college
functions which enhance their knowledge and develops communication skills.
Adolescent began to take responsibilities on their own they explore their limits and
develops good skills (Holmbeck, 2018). With their parents motivation and guidance
adolescent able to take responsibilities. This is the time when adolescent develops
values and self-esteem in themselves. In this time adolescent also develops romantic
feelings towards their mates, and they might go on dates, but these are not always
intimate relationship.
Social changes also develops emotional changes in adolescent. It changes their
moods and feelings towards everything which can be good for some and can be bad for
some. Adolescent develops strong and intense emotion their mood seem as
unpredictable. These ups and downs of emotion in adolescent during this time is
because of their physical changes, their brain develops and learn how to react on
different things. Social changes also develops sensitivity and self consciousness in
adolescent as they grow they will get better at reading emotions and understands other
people's feeling but also some adolescent might get confused, and they sometimes
misread body language of others (Prata and Weidert, 2020). Self-consciousness also
develops in adolescent during this time for some adolescent the thing which matters are
their appearance so it affects their self-esteem they feel self-conscious about their looks

and appearance. Therefore, these are the social changes which develops various
changes in adolescent's life.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is concluded that social and biological process
developed various changes in adolescent's body. In adolescence period adolescent
developed cognitive, intellectual, social, emotional, romantic changes in themselves.
Although adolescence period is characterized by risky behaviour it enables some
adolescent to involve in bad habits which affect them to start drinking, substance abuse,
some adolescent separated from their parents to live by their own. During this time
physical changes drives adolescent to feel consciousness, depressed they developed
distance from their parents. Although everyone has to gone through this time so parents
needs to support their child in their adolescence period.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Altekar, S., 2021. BIOLOGICAL AND PARENTAL PREDICTORS: IMPACT ON
ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR. International Journal of Modern Agriculture. 10(2).
pp.37-49.
Åström, M., 2021. The adolescent brain on social-media: A systematic review.
Beyens, I., 2020. The effect of social media on well-being differs from adolescent to
adolescent. Scientific Reports. 10(1). pp.1-11.
Fleary, S.A., Joseph, P. and Pappagianopoulos, J.E., 2018. Adolescent health literacy
and health behaviors: A systematic review. Journal of adolescence. 62. pp.116-
127.
Holmbeck, G.N., 2018. A model of family relational transformations during the transition
to adolescence: Parent–adolescent conflict and adaptation. In Transitions through
adolescence (pp. 167-199). Psychology Press.
Huynh, V.W. and Chiang, J.J., 2018. Subjective social status and adolescent health:
The role of stress and sleep. Youth & Society. 50(7). pp.926-946.
Lamblin, M., 2017. Social connectedness, mental health and the adolescent
brain. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 80. pp.57-68.
Lu, W., 2019. Adolescent depression: national trends, risk factors, and healthcare
disparities. American journal of health behavior. 43(1). pp.181-194.
Prata, N. and Weidert, K., 2020. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health. In Oxford
Research Encyclopedia of Global Public Health.

Zhuravleva, I.V. and Lakomova, N.V., 2019. Social aspects of adolescent
health. Österreichisches Multiscience Journal. (19-1). pp.51-54.