Food Crisis in Australia: Economic and Environmental Solutions Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the food crisis in Australia, exploring its economic and environmental causes. It evaluates alternative solutions, including pollution control, animal breeding, and reduced meat consumption, while also examining the role of government awareness campaigns. The report delves into farming methods, such as stabilizing greenhouse emissions, early plantation, soil testing, and seed quality, to address the crisis. Furthermore, it considers the social, environmental, and economic implications of these solutions, along with quantification and cost analysis. The report also includes cash flow projections, an analysis of the benefit-cost ratio, and incremental rate of return analysis, ultimately aiming to identify the most effective strategies for mitigating the food crisis and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in Australia. The report also includes appendices with additional data and analysis.

FOOD CRISIS IN AUSTRALIA
1

Executive Summary
This report significantly portrays the ways for obliterating this tremendous problem of the
food crisis and provides a solution for the upliftment of the country for its upliftment. Food
crisis occurs due to economic as well as environmental factors resulting in food scarcity,
malnutrition, starvation and even mortality and political unrest. Authority of Agricultural and
Resources of Water under the Government of Australia has been tremendously focussing on
animal breeding for the production of animal products as it can be a significant solution for
the country increasing its food production. This is one of the major threats which are
affecting day to day agriculture in Australia. The Australian Government is planning to
increase its production from the Green Revolution in the early days of 1960 to the present
year for the betterment of crop production and increment of food products. The Federal Court
of Australia has significantly focussed on agricultural methods and has taken various steps
which are expressed in the report for its betterment and upliftment of the society based on
improving the financial condition of its subaltern class by decreasing the inflation rate of the
country. Cost and benefit analysis needs to be considered for the purpose of getting an
appropriate solution.
2

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................5
1. Evaluation of alternative solutions on the problem of the food crisis....................................5
Checking pollution for increased food production.................................................................5
Breeding and feeding..............................................................................................................5
Reduction in meat consumption.............................................................................................6
Government raising awareness of food in public consciousness...........................................6
2. Farming methods for food crisis problem..............................................................................7
Stabilising Greenhouse Emission...........................................................................................7
Early and Effective Plantation................................................................................................7
Soil Testing.............................................................................................................................8
Increase Seed Quality.............................................................................................................8
Low amount of plastic usage..................................................................................................9
3. Methodology consideration of alternative solutions..............................................................9
Social consideration..............................................................................................................10
Environmental consideration................................................................................................11
Economic consideration.......................................................................................................12
4. Quantification and costing...................................................................................................13
5. Cash flow.............................................................................................................................15
Emerging exports of agricultural process and forestry as well as fisheries..........................16
Protecting natural resources and water.................................................................................16
Managing Biosecurity and Imported Food Risk...................................................................16
Structuring most effective and capable administrative department......................................17
6. B/C Ratio..............................................................................................................................17
7. B/C Analysis: the best alternative........................................................................................18
8. Incremental Rate of Return Analysis...................................................................................19
3

9. Cost Quantification..............................................................................................................19
Conclusion................................................................................................................................20
Reference lists..........................................................................................................................21
Appendices...............................................................................................................................24
Appendix 1: Breeding and Feeding......................................................................................24
Appendix 2: Cash Quantification.........................................................................................25
4

Introduction
In this fast pacing world, where globalisation has tremendously boosted the economy and
GDP growth of different countries, Australia suffers greatly from the food crisis. Certain
problems are faced by the Australian communities regarding the food crisis, which must be
eradicated from the society for the betterment of the country and its people. Food crisis
occurs due to economic as well as environmental and socio-cultural factors resulting in food
scarcity, malnutrition, starvation and even mortality and political unrest. This report
significantly portrays the ways for obliterating this tremendous problem of the food crisis and
provides a solution for the upliftment of the country for its upliftment.
1. Evaluation of alternative solutions on the problem of the food crisis
Checking pollution for increased food production
Production of food is largely affected by the pollution of air and precursor of ozone emissions
of nitrogen oxides as well as different organic elements. This is a major threat which is
affecting day to day agriculture in Australia. According to Magnan (2015, p.11), this
pollution penetrates into the plants and cause crop loss at an enormous rate. Certain delicate
crops face a huge amount of problems which include potato, rice and maize because they are
moderately sensitive and consumed by the Australian community as well as the various
communities in the world (Csiro.au, 2019). The Australian Government is planning to
increase its production from the Green Revolution in the early days of 1960 to the present
year for the betterment of crop production and increment of food products
(Agriculture.gov.au, 2019). Due to Governmental policies, there has been a great success in
agricultural production. The production rate of crops has tremendously increased from 1.84
tonnes to 4.38 tonnes in 2007, which has been achieved on 11% of the land
(Agriculture.gov.au, 2019). This has been a tremendous achievement for the Australian
Government as well as the people of Australia as there has been great production in
agricultural products.
Breeding and feeding
In Australia, food security has a direct relationship with political stability. The increased
amount of food security stabilises political stability. Authority of Agricultural and Resources
of Water under the Government of Australia has been tremendously focussing on animal
breeding for the production of animal products as it can be a significant solution for the
5

country increasing its food production. Smith et al. (2016, p.49) opined that breeding an
adequate number of animals like cows, sheep, chickens and other cattle animals are
tremendously essential for a greater amount of production as animal products are a great
source of food. As influenced by the views of Sippel, Larder and Lawrence (2017, p.261), it
can be stated that the Australian farming and cattle industry highly concentrates on the
feeding of animals for better quality in animal products. These better quality products are
essential for the Australian community as it secures food quality and quantity and manages to
make a great amount of development in managing food growth and supplies.(Refer to
Appendix 2)
Reduction in meat consumption
Meat consumption like beef, chicken, lamb, pork and others must be reduced by the
Australian community. This is because of the decreased amount of animal production rate. As
opined by Larder, Sippel and Lawrence (2015, p.601), it can be stated that increased amount
of meat consumption is dangerous for a society in which there is a scarcity of food as it
decreases the production of animal products. The Australian Department of Agricultural and
Water Resources tremendously maintain the checking rate of animal slaying and meat
consumption for the community of Australia (Csiro.au, 2019). As mentioned by Richards,
Kjærnes and Vik (2016, p.73), it can be stated that meat consumption greatly affects
agriculture as it lowers the amount of vegetable and agricultural products consumption. This
lowering of agricultural product consumption greatly affects the growth and sustainability of
food consumption as an increased amount of meat consumption results in low crop
production and reduced agricultural value.
Government raising awareness of food in public consciousness
The Australian Government must take certain measures which are essential for educating and
increasing public consciousness for saving food and not wasting it. As per the views of
Richards, Kjærnes and Vik (2016, p.63), it is tremendously essential for the Australian
community to understand the importance of food safety and food preservation. The people of
Australian must gather quality information from the Government so as to generate immense
information about the food crisis and its effects.
6

Figure: 1: Substitute solution for mitigating food crisis
(Source: As influenced by the views of Caraher and Coveney, 2016, p.39)
2. Farming methods for food crisis problem
Stabilising Greenhouse Emission
The first step for reducing greenhouse gasses in the process of reuse and recycles. Recycling
is a great step to attaining environmental sustainability. According to the views expressed by
Carolan (2016, p.31) regulating Air Conditioning rate is also very essential for any country to
reduce the rate of carbon dioxide, which is tremendously harmful to the atmosphere.
Afforestation must be done at an enormous rate for regulating greenhouse gasses. These are
the processes which must be processed by the companies as it is essential for people to
understand the advantage of maintaining a cooler and secure environment for an increased
amount of agriculture production (Csiro.au, 2019).
Early and Effective Plantation
The plantation is a tremendous important process which must be done carefully and
effectively as it is the most important step for gathering quality agricultural products. The
process of plantation must be well planned and must be early as it is immensely significant
for an increased amount of growth time period. As influenced by the views of Caraher and
Coveney (2016, p.37), it can be analysed that early plantation of quality seeds is a great step
7
Substitute
solution for
mitigating
food crisis
Checking
pollution
Reducing
meat
consumptio
n
Government
raising
awareness
Breeding
and
feeding

for farming as it is essential for the seed to take more amount of time to fertilise and grow.
The Australian Government is planning programmes for the betterment of the fertilising
process. The effective plantation is greatly suitable for agricultural process and produces a
greater amount of agricultural products for a greater amount of population (Csiro.au, 2019).
Soil Testing
Testing of soil is an important process which must be done by the soil experts and reported to
the farmers as it is essential for them to understand the condition of the spoil and analyse the
soil’s ability for quality manufacture of cultivated products. As opined by the views of
Sippel (2015), it can be stated that soil testing increases the ensuring capacity of the farmers
and the soil experts about quality product for a specific amount of land. The Government of
Australia has announced that soil testing is a must be processed for analysing production
capacity of the soil as it is essential for drawing a detailed image of agricultural production
forecasting about quantitative research of cultivated products (Csiro.au, 2019).
Increase Seed Quality
The farmers must ensure that they are getting quality seeds for the production of crops, which
is great news for every farmer as it is a great step for the agricultural land’s production rate.
According to Grafton, Daugbjerg and Qureshi (2015, p.182), it can be exclaimed that the
quality of cultivation totally depends on seed quality, the greater the quality, the greater
amount of production in the field can be observed. The seed experts of the country have
successfully tried and conducted methods which are essential for providing a greater amount
of cultivated product essential for ensuring the quantitative and qualitative amount of food
cultivated (Csiro.au, 2019).
Ensuring accurate drainage of water
Drainage of water is necessary for the production of cops. Certain problems must be
concerned about agricultural issues which are to ensure quality production of cultivated
products and the problematic product for cultivation is rice. As per the views of Thyberg and
Tonjes (2016, p.111), rice cultivation is essential and is one of the toughest crops to be
cultivated. This is because the rice needs an adequate amount of water, but clogging of water
in the fields can lead to damaging of crops which must be tremendously concerned. For this
reason of avoiding clogging of water proper drainage system in paddy fields is tremendously
essential for the farmers. This drainage must be done in an appropriate way for the betterment
of production rate and increasing quality of production.
8

Low amount of plastic usage
Plastic is one of the great curses for society as the maximum amount of pollution in the world
occurs due to plastics. Plastics are non-biodegradable substances which take a huge amount
of time to decompose. This is a great problem for society due to managing the quality of
agricultural fields by eliminating plastics from them. As influenced by the views of
Hochman, Gobbett and Horan (2017, p.2073) improving and disinfecting the soil before
production is essential for farmers as plastics in farming fields reduce the quality of
production as highly damages the soil by damaging its quality of crop production. If these
considerations can be forfeited, then there can be an adequate amount of agricultural growth-
boosting food production quantity.
Figure: 2. Farming methods for food crisis problem
(Source: Based on the views of Hochman, Gobbett and Horan, 2017, p.2073)
3. Methodology consideration of alternative solutions
The purpose of the sustainable process of agriculture is to fulfil the requirement of society
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their demands. Sustainable
agricultural production can be achieved through a healthy environment, equity related to
social as well as an economic factor. All people involved in this production of food
processors in the country, involving growers as well as food processors and distributors are
9
Farming methods for
food crisis problem
Stabilising
Greenhouse
Emission
Low amount
of plastic
usage
Ensure
Proper
Water
Drainage
Increase
Seed Quality
Early and
Effective
Plantation

responsible for enhancing the rate of production of foods. Along with retailers as well as
consumers and waste, managers are responsible for increasing the rate of food in the country.
These sectors play a huge role in total contribution to the food industry. It is their
responsibility to produce an adequate amount of food for the Australian communities and its
gradual increase in population as it is essential for the food industry to produce a good
quantity of products and help in quality production of food.
Social consideration
Certain considerations must be mentioned as this is important for the agricultural process for
its increased production of growth in food products. According to Grafton, Daugbjerg and
Qureshi (2015, p.181), the Australian community depends on certain social considerations
which are effective in maintaining high-quality growth of agricultural products. As
influenced by the views ofDaugbjerg and Qureshi (2015, p.181) these depend on various
considerations related to aesthetic considerations, cultural and religious aspects, level of skills
and expertise to maintain a steady growth of the food products in the Australian Community.
For maintaining the sustainable process of development growth of agricultural prospects, the
community of Australia must undergo certain measures necessary for the development of the
food quality quantity as the country is suffering from food crisis problem which must be
solved. As influenced by the views of Ramankuttyet al. (2018, p.783), a significant change in
the thought process of the community must be done for the betterment of increasing food
quantity in the country.
The countrymen must provide support and help the farmers by lowering the use of plastic as
plastic is a great enemy of agriculture. Countrymen of Australia must engage in afforestation
as it is tremendously necessary for creating a sustainable and cooler atmosphere as it is
necessary for the country to produce an increased amount of food essential for the country’s
increment in food consumption. As per the views of Kassie et al. (2015, p.643), it can be
evaluated that there has been a tremendous increase in the food consumption rate Australian
community which is a problem for the society as the food consumption is getting
tremendously high for the country. The Government is organising campaigns for the
betterment of knowledge for the community of Australia. These campaigns are organised for
the increment of providing an adequate amount of knowledge for the people of Australia who
are consuming a great amount of food. According to Hochman, Gobbett and Horan (2017,
p.2076) it can be stated that these organized campaigns provide an immense amount of
10

information and guidance for creating a sustainable food consumption rate which is essential
for each and every country which faces a food crisis.
The society must develop the idea of seriousness for the issue which is essential for the
countrymen to consider the problem which the country is facing. There must be a social
change which is essential for lowering the rate of food consumption of the country for
obliterating the problem of the society for developing the rate of food consumption rate. As
opined by Thyberg and Tonjes (2016), it can be stated that the total food consumption rate
depends on the seriousness of the concerning of countrymen. In order to decrease the rate of
food consumption, people of the country must get educated about the fact of a serious rate of
food crisis.
Environmental consideration
There are certain environmental considerations which must be mentioned for the betterment
for food consumption and decreasing its rate. In this consideration, there will also be the
information for developing rate of the country. The countrymen must involve certain
measures which can be considered to develop the rate of increment of agricultural production.
Lawrence, Richards and Lyons (2015, p.37) opined that the people of the country must
involve environment protective measures which are essential for the country to undergo. The
people of Australia could consider to buy energy-efficient products and use led lights in case
of bulbs which consume more electricity and get hot at a small amount of time
(Chiefscientist.gov.au, 2019). Bulbs contain more electricity which is absorbed by the
environment making the environment hot.
The people again could consider changing their cars and vehicles to e-cars and vehicles,
which is not harmful to the air to get polluted. The people of the country could consider
undergoing the use of solar power to utilise it in a great way for the betterment of the
environment and creating sustainability. As influenced by the views of Ramankuttyet al.
(2018, p.791) it can be stated that the development of the country’s condition greatly depends
on the emission of greenhouse gases which is important for the country’s environment as
greenhouse gasses decrease the rate of carbon dioxide from the climate . As opined by Sippel,
Larder and Lawrence (2017) afforestation is another reason for the development of the
environment as they decrease the rate of harmful pollutant in the atmosphere and creates a
sustainable environment which is clear and cool for the production of the agricultural crop.
All the above factors are essential for the countrymen to consider as it is necessary for
increment in the rate of development of the country’s environment, creating sustainability. As
11

influenced by the views of Richards, Kjærnes and Vik (2016) environmental sustainability
are tremendously significant for the country in producing a great number of agricultural
products. This is necessary for the country to produce in a large number of food products,
mainly agricultural field products for increasing the rate of food crisis in Australia. According
to Thyberg and Tonjes (2016), changes in climate is one of the major reasons for the
lowering amount of seasonal fruits and vegetables, which is directly affecting the growth of
the country. The country has been capable of producing an adequate amount of crops,
vegetables and fruits until a time period (Chiefscientist.gov.au, 2019). In recent years, the rate
of seasonal fruits, vegetable, including the production of the crop have tremendously affected
because of the climate of the country and have greatly lowered the rate of production.
Economic consideration
High cost in living is affecting the Australian Population at a tremendous rate. The Australian
has grown to an increasing rate of 3.1%, which is enormous compared to the other developed
states of the companies (Borgenproject.org, 2019). Due to this increment in the economic
rise, there is a higher rate of the lifestyle of the countrymen, which is creating problems in the
food crisis. As influenced by the views of Grafton, Daugbjerg and Qureshi (2015) it can be
analysed that huge amount of money is being wasted over the food consumption of the
Australian community. The price rate in the country is getting increased day by day, which is
significant because for the increment of the cost of the food items that the Australian
community is consuming (Borgenproject.org. 2019). The country is struggling to manage its
inflation rate which has been increased around 1.90% which is a tremendous rate of
increment in the country’s growth, and the community is suffering for the price rise which is
slowly but steadily affecting the growth of the company (Tradingeconomics.com, 2019). This
increment of inflation rate has hugely impacted on daily basis price rise and creating
problems for the subaltern class people of the country.
Rising of cost of living, direct and indirect impacts in livelihood in a variety of ways is
affecting the people who cannot afford to buy expensive food products. As per the views of
Thyberg and Tonjes (2016), it can be exclaimed that the Government is trying to eradicate the
problem, but there has been no change in the scenario of Australia since recent years. The
Government have to take strong actions which are necessary for increasing the rate of food
production in agricultural fields and animal products (Borgenproject.org. 2019). The
Government of Australia could consider taking serious attempts to eradicate the problem of
12