This report provides a comprehensive analysis of global food security, focusing on the concept of healthy and sustainable diets as defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It examines the environmental impact of food choices, particularly the differences between plant-based and animal-based diets. The report highlights the disparity between recommended dietary guidelines, such as those in Australia, and the actual eating habits of the population. It analyzes the five food groups outlined in the Australian Dietary Guidelines, assessing consumption rates and identifying gaps in adherence to recommended servings. Furthermore, it explores the reasons behind these dietary gaps, discussing factors like policy influences, the absence of reference standards, and the parameters used to determine dietary content. The report concludes by proposing a national food policy, emphasizing the importance of food policies in shaping health outcomes, and referencing examples of food policies implemented by other countries to promote healthy and sustainable food systems.