Human Interaction in Systems Design: Foodora App Usability Report

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HUMAN INTERACTION IN SYSTEMS DESIGN
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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
The interactive system and its users...........................................................................................3
The use case...............................................................................................................................4
The usability requirements.........................................................................................................5
The evaluation methodology......................................................................................................6
The evaluation............................................................................................................................7
The findings.............................................................................................................................14
Conclusion................................................................................................................................15
References................................................................................................................................16
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Introduction
The assessment report is based on the human interactive design of the system. The usability
of the system’s requirements are analyzed and according to this, the priorities are decided.
The standard method will be used for the evaluation of the system’s performance. There are
many standard methods that can be helpful in evaluating the system. The report will include
the findings of the evaluation at the last according to the research. To carry out this
assessment “The Foodora”, food delivery app is selected.
The interactive system and its users
The Foodora is basically the food delivery company whose headquarter is situated in Berlin,
Germany. The areas which the company serves are Europe and Canada. The company serves
six countries worldwide which include Canada, Austria, Australia, Germany, Finland,
Norway, and Sweden. The company has collaboration over 9000 restaurants. It gives the
freedom to customers to browse the local restaurant and to order the food from the selected
restaurants (Correa, et. al., 2019). It also provides the facility for tracking the ordered food. It
was initially founded in 2014 in the month of February under the name of Volo GmbH. It was
then relocated in 2015 to Berlin. It was later acquired by the services of food delivery. In
Canada, it was acquired by Hurrier, Suppertime in Australia, and in Austria by
Heimschmecker. These companies now operate under the company Foodora. By using the
mobile application or the website of the Foodora, the customers can order the food online by
browsing through the restaurants from where they wish to order. The order is redirected to the
restaurants, the restaurant confirms the order and starts preparing the dish. Meanwhile, the
delivery executive gets assigned who picks up the order and deliver it to the customer. The
delivery of the food cab is tracked from the beginning of the order confirmation. The
minimum time that the delivery boy of the Foodora takes to deliver the food is 30 minutes
(He, et. al., 2019).
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The use case
Figure 1: Use case for Foodora App
The Foodora app includes 4 users which include mainly customer, Restaurant, chef, and
delivery executive. From the above use case diagram, it is clear that the customer has to
register himself/herself on the app and then only he/she is allowed to browse through the
restaurants and order the food. From there the customer can select the restaurant and the
dishes and then place the order and the payment as well. The payment is then received by the
restaurant and confirms the order. After the confirmation of order, the chef starts preparing
food. Meanwhile the delivery boy is assigned for the delivery of the order. The order is then
picked up and the order is delivered and is received by the customer (Kekkonen and Oinas-
Kukkonen, 2019).
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The usability requirements
The main requirement for usability is that the interface should be easy to use and learn. The
using of the interface must be easy to remember so that the user needs not to go through the
documentation every time they are using the application. They must be easy so that the
novice users can also use it without the instructions. The navigation provided should be able
to provide an easy path (Segura and Correa, 2019). The requirements that need to be
supported for the primary users are:
Intuitiveness: the interface should be easy for the purpose of learning and the paths should be
clearly specified. The easy navigation can be provided by the headings, buttons, dialog boxes
for errors and many more such assets to make the application more clear.
The efficiency of use: goals can be achieved easily and efficiently with no or few user errors.
Low perceived workload: the interface must appear easy to use instead of appearing it
frustrating, demanding, and intimidating.
The requirements of usability are documented specifications and expectations. These are
designed to ensure that the services, products are easy to use. These can be provided in a
variety of formats and the examples for it are:
 Performance: the performance describes that the task is easily be performed by the
users.
 Learnability: the learning of the product or service should be easy to learn and
remember (He, et. al., 2019).
 Productivity: if the interface is being frequently used by the employees during the
hours of work then it must be concerned with productivity.
 User-friendliness: the most important requirement is that the application should be
easy to use and hence should be user-friendly.
 Accessibility: the product or the services should be easily accessible and can be easily
reached to the broad range of users.
 Error tolerance: the errors created by the users should be easier to tolerate.
 Undo: the safe environment is required by the users so that they can easily undo the
things that they have done by mistake or to check the results of the particular stage but
not really wanted (Steever, et. al., 2019).
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 Flow: the flow should be smooth so the tasks can be performed without any kind of
interruption.
 Information scent: the tools and the information should be easy to find. Icons used
should be relevant and should not be meaningless or abstract.
 User engagement: the users are found to be engaged in environments that are
stimulating and fun.
 Customization and personalization: the user should be able to customize or
personalize the layouts and many more such things.
The evaluation methodology
For the good interaction design Jakob Nielson has introduced 10 principles and are known as
heuristic principles. These are as follows:
Visibility of system status: the status of the system should be visible to the users so that the
users can make themselves aware of the performance of the system. This can be useful to
have feedback on time so that the appropriate actions can be taken on time (Kekkonen and
Oinas-Kukkonen, 2019).
 Match between system and the real world: the system should have the languages that
the user clearly understands and also the concepts, phrases, and words should be
familiar that are most often used by the users. It results in the matching of the real
world and the system.
 User control and freedom: the functions are chosen by the users mistakenly and to get
out of such situation, they need an emergency exit. The systems should be able to
support the features of undo and redo.
 Consistency and standards: the design of the system, product or service should be in a
way so that the word, action, and situations mean the same thing. The consistency
should be followed throughout the system. This helps in reducing the confusion
among the users and helps them to go forward easily.
 Error prevention: the designs should be made in such a way that the errors should be
prevented from their occurrence. The conditions should be included so that the
problems get eliminated. For this, the dialog box should be appearing having the
confirmation option, so that the user can have a chance to review and rethink.
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 Recognition rather than recall: the options available on the system should be clear and
easy to use as these reduce the load on the users to remember each and every
information. It should be visible and retrievable should be easy as well.
 Flexibility and efficiency of use: the system produced should be able to use by the
users efficiently and also the system should be flexible so that both the users i.e.,
experienced and inexperienced users can use it easily (Segura and Correa, 2019).
 Aesthetic and minimalist design: irrelevant information should not be mention. This
only creates confusion among the users. This extra work makes the product or service
more complex and the originality of the product or the service diminishes.
 Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors: the messages for any kind of
bugs or errors the proper message should be displayed for it. The message should be
composed in plain language so that users find it easy to understand and also help them
to find the perfect solution according to it.
 Help and documentation: the proper and clear documentation should be provided so
that it can be useful for the users if they find themselves in any critical situation.
Though the product or the service should be easily used without any need of
documentation the documentation can help in easy search and the focus can be easily
made on the performance of the task (Correa, 2019).
The evaluation
 Visibility of system status
Figure 2: Visibility of system status
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No visibility
of system

In the system, the status of the system is missing. This can be justified by the above
image that does not show any sign of the status. This lacks the first heuristic principle
of the interactive design. This can confuse the users and also they can find themselves
distracted. This is the major drawback because the user is not aware of the status of
the page of the website on which the user is residing. Also, this can lead the customer
in the wrong direction and also can mislead them. Hence, this shows that the system
should have good visibility of the system status to make the user aware.
 Match between system and the real world
Figure 3: the match between the system and the real world
The above image is the justification that the website of the Foodora follows the
second heuristic principle given by Jacob Nielson. The above image is one of the
pages of the website which contains the information in the simple and plain language
that is easily understood by the user. Also, there is a match between the words and
phrases that are used by the user leading to the creation of less or no confusion. By
using the common language, any person of any place can easily understand the
content and hence they find the website easy to use. This can be the biggest advantage
of the website that can help to attract users.
 User control and freedom
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Plain and
simple
language

Figure 4: user control and freedom
This is the image that shows and verifies the third heuristic principle of the interactive
design. As in the image, it can be seen that the user is currently on the page of the
restaurant’s information. The information of the restaurant has opened in a dialog box
from where the user can get an exit using the cross button provided on the page. This
can help the person to get out of the page immediately. Hence, this shows that the user
has the control and the freedom on the website to visit any page and to exit from any
page immediately. This button can also be used in the situation when user gets stuck
in irrelevant information.
 Consistency and standards
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Emergency
exit

Figure 5: consistency and standards
The above page of the website Foodora is the justification of the heuristic principle
consistency and standard. This can be justified by seeing consistent information on
the page. This makes the proper understanding of the content also helps in building
trust among the users. The consistent information means that the system contains the
same information under the same heading on different pages.
 Error prevention
Figure 6: error prevention
The above page is one of the pages of the WEBSITE Foodora which is helpful in
justifying that this website follows the heuristic principle of error prevention. As in
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Consistent
information
Confirmation
box

the above image, it is clearly shown that this is the confirmation box which is asking
the user for the confirmation of checking out. This can warn the users before taking
any step that is not appropriated and can be avoided. This can make the user prevent
from falling in any situation that can cause harm to the user. This is very useful and
hence should be necessarily included in every website.
 Recognition rather than recall
Figure 7: recognition rather than recall
The above image shows the navigation that is provided on the website Foodora. This
can be seen in the above image that going through different pages of the website can
be visited by just clicking on the click of the desired page to be visited. This makes
the user comfortable while using the website and no confusion is created. This also
helps the user to recognize the things just by having the look on the website which
enables the user to not to recall the procedure of visiting the different pages of the
website. This can be helpful in making the work of the user easy.
 Flexibility and efficiency of use
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Easy
navigation

Figure 8: flexibility and efficiency of use
This is the image that shows and justifies that the website Foodora is easy to use and
flexible as well. For the website to flexible makes the user comfortable and easy to is
so that it does not get stuck in any kind of inappropriate situation. This also makes the
website to be used efficiently. This makes the user get attract to the website and make
them use more. The flexible use of the website can be verified by using the links
provided on the above page.
 Aesthetic and minimalist design
Figure 9: an aesthetic and minimalist design
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Flexible to
use
Aesthetic and
minimalist
design