Report on Foundations of Evidence for Nursing Practice: Analysis

This report examines the foundations of evidence-based practices in nursing, emphasizing the integration of research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to enhance the quality of care. It focuses on an article titled “Observations of infection prevention and control practices in primary health care,” and highlights the importance of evidence in reducing infection rates within healthcare settings. The report includes a critical evaluation of the chosen research paper using the CASP framework, assessing aspects such as research design, data collection, ethical considerations, and data analysis. The analysis underlines the significance of infection control protocols and their impact on patient safety, offering insights into how evidence-based practices can improve nursing care, reduce healthcare costs, and promote better patient outcomes. The report concludes with recommendations for broader application of these practices and continued efforts in behavioral change within healthcare settings.

Foundations of Evidence for
Nursing Practice

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The foundation of the evidence-based practices in regarding the major approach to have the
creation of decision of quality along with developing the nursing cares which is been clearly
based on the personal clinical expertness. This assignments in the extensions of the previous
assessment which is regarding the theme of infection control evidence-based practice. This
assessment is regarding the development of the theoretical approaches along with practical
understanding which is evidence-based practice.
This will be followed up by the critical evaluation of the research papers with application of the
CASP tools (Sahoo, L and et.al. 2017). The easy will be structed with the brief level of
introduction which is being followed with discussion. The chose article will have the following
of brief structuring regarding the significance and application of the CASP framework. At last
the conclusion and recommendation will be there to have the proper supporting to assessment.
Article “Observations of infection prevention and control practices in primary health
care” which have the proper consideration in regards with procedure and policies that is needed
to be implemented in order to minimise and control diffusion of infections in healthcare setting
and hospitals. This article has been major significance in term of reducing the rate of infection
healthcare setting and hospitals.
DISCUSSION
The evidence practice is the practices which have the proper relaying on the more level of
scientific and the mathematical evidence as in order to have the formation of the strong level of
inductive or deductive arguments for having proper level of guidance and appropriate decision
making. The importance of evidence-based practice in the nursing is term as the integration of
research evidence, clinical expertise along with patient preferences. This is term as more level of
problem-solving approach to the clinical practice to have the proper level of encouragement for
nurses in order to have the providences of the individualized patient care. more level of
corporatisation the evidence-based nursing is considered important as it helps in the
determination of the effective level of course of action in order to carry care delivery with
staying updates regarding the new protocol in terms of patients care. this will be helpful on
increasing the maximum level of chances for having the patient recover. This also enable the
nurses to have the proper evaluation of research in order to have the understanding to risk along
with effectiveness diagnostic test which have inclusion of patient cares along with implication
3

the care plan. This will have the allowance in order to have the proactive role in order to have the
sharing of value and preferences in order to make the effective level of suggestion. This will be
also beneficing in reducing the level of expenses which is extension to better outcome of patients
along with decreasing the demand of the healthcare resources (Aka and et.al., 2017). This
programme has the clear inclusion of the covering different designs, methodologies, process
along with ethical practice of research. In addition to that the nursing studiers will be helpful in
creating the major thinking skills to have the evaluation and critiques research studies in order to
have applications of finding their nursing practice.
The article has been chosen as the “Observations of infection prevention and control
practices in primary health care” by the author Bedoya, G. and et. al., 2017 published in Bulletin
of the World health Organization. 95(7). p.503. The objective of the research was regarding the
having the proper level of assessing in compliances with proper infections prevention along with
control practices in the primary health care in Kenya (Petersén and Olsson, 2015). This research
has been effectives is identifying the purpose of infection by the control programmes which is
focusing of the surveillance which based on their different level of understanding factors. This
have the implementing of patient tracking tools is able to have assessing with compliance
infections prevention and control practices across having their different range of health care
practices and facilities for infection preventions and more level of control domain. This is helpful
in the rapid assessing their current status along with improvement efforts. This article will have
the use of the apocopate differentials observation tools in more to have investigations
compliance infection for the prevention and control practices. In addition to that it can be helpful
in identifying the major level of associations between the compliances and individual
characterises which are related to health care facilities along with workers.
As the importance to have the selections of this article is based on the several level of
assumption and the important key points as the research article will be helpful in providing the
improvement in nursing evidence practice which have the inclusion of the several steps in order
to have the evidence. critique the one along with asking more level of clinical questionnaire. in
addition to that’s this article has the proper evaluation of outcomes of respective change in
practices along with integration of the evidence with clinical expertise the patient values and
preference. This will have the benefits regrading patient care to have the providence emphasizing
their well-being and voice, provide careful instructions for their self-managements can benefits
4

the quality of patents life. This will be helps delivering the proper patient care along with
empowering more self-care, compassion, advance education. By having this which can provide
patients which is more hygienic to treat the patient.
The critical appraisal skill programmes (CASP) which is helped in order to have the developing
their evidence-based approach in the health and social cares as more level of working in local
with national and international groups. This have the clearly aims to have the development to
have individuals’ skills along with masking the sense of various research evidences with
application of the evidence in precative. As the quantitative researches have, he uses of various
statistical methods in order to have there countians there measure of outcome of study (Mill.
Allen and Morrow, 2016). The outcomes are more usually been objectives which is more
determined which ensure that’s results are statically significant.
The CASP will have the following level question which is more relevance which is more
validity, relevance’s along with research have been appraised that’s is covered. This is all about
the addition of sharing of knowledge along with understanding the ways of working which can
be more in non-hierarchical, multidisciplinary and the problems-based approaches.
As per the framework questions for the quantitative research are as follows-
1. Did the study ask a clearly focused question?
As the article have the taken the observation patient tracking tool in order to have
assessing the compliance with the infection preventions and control practices. There is
major level of possibility in order to have outpatients may have the experiences the level
of violations in infection preventions along with control practices in term of different
location. The research will be have the proper assessing of compliances in the level of
five domain which are such as the hand hygiene; protective glove use; injections and
blood sampling; disinfection of reusable equipment; and waste segregation.
2. Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research?
There is proper level of understanding in terms, of the ensuring the extents of problems
as there is been the little research on their level of infection prevention along with
control practices. On the other hand, there were limitation in previous studies due to the
small sample conducted in one hospital. Next level of limitation is that’s there are
various article which are on basis of health care providers which have estimated the over
5

compliance. On the other hand, major focus on the single domains which is range of
possible exposure encountered by patients.
3. Was data collected in a way that addressed the research issue?
Yes, in the research the data, the researcher has spent the proper level of consecutive
hours in 958 health care facilities along with the used of observation tools in order to
have the proper level of recording interaction between patient and one health care
worker at different location. In mor accordance to that they have the identified the basic
three procedure which are such as the Five infection prevention and control domains
were observed across these procedures: (i) hand hygiene; (ii) use of protective gloves;
(iii) injection and blood sampling safety; (iv) disinfection of reusable equipment; and (v)
waste segregation. In addition to that the level of domains which have the more level: (i)
compliance with infection prevention and control practices by health-care workers; (ii)
knowledge of these practices among health-care workers; and (iii) the availability of the
equipment and supplies needed for implementing these practices.
4. Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered?
The survey has the major assurance over the data quality which is being ascended by using
the several methods which have the assessor’s skill is being evaluated using more test and
videos (Martyn and et. al 2014). In addition to that there data have form is been more level
to reviewed properly. There is increase in level of reality’s which is being evaluated on the
different sample of observation. In addition, that’s tar more level of double enters in order
to reduce the error start below 1%. The collection of data is done through observational,
patient tracking
5. Have ethical issues been taken into consideration?
As per the ethical issue s per properly while having the collection of the data, as the
study have taken place in there Kakamega, Meru and Kilifi counties in different regions
of Kenya. The proper consent has been obtained 1035 out of the 1115 which is
something about 93% from the different heath care facilities that is 935 wo took parts in
the part in the study. The distribution of facilities have been done in more ethical
manner at the both country and national level. This helpful in having the proportion
these facilities were under-represented in administrative data.
6. Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous?
6

The data have been analyses through the implementing for the statically manner by
having there dividing the number of correct actions which is needed to be performed by
the level of total indications in compliance with infection prevention and control
practices for each domain. there is linear level of regression to have the assessing the
level of association between their advisability of supplies and compliance.
7. Was there a clear statement of findings?
As per the total level of observed indication in the article, the mean compliance was
0.318 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.315 to 0.321). The compliance ranged from 0.023
(95% CI: 0.021 to 0.024) for hand hygiene to 0.871 (95% CI: 0.866 to 0.876) for
injection and blood sampling safety. The compliance was weakly level of associated
with facility level of characteristics. Along with that’s health workers have the
knowledge along with training along infection preventions and the control practices.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that’s the observational tool is more level of
effectives the assessing level of compliances with the prevention of inventions along with central
practices which have across the multiple level of domain in the primary health cares in the
country which is low income (Helmig, Ingerfurth and Pinz, 2014). The compliance has the level
of verification which is widely tar across the infection prevention along with control domain.
The weak level of association is been observed between there compliance and the characteristics
of health-care workers and facilities, such as knowledge and the availability of supplies, suggest
that a broader focus on behavioural change is required. This is helpful in the rapid assessing their
current status along with improvement efforts. This article will have the use of the apocopate
differentials observation tools in more to have investigations compliance infection for the
prevention and control practices.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
7

Online
Helmig, B., Ingerfurth, S. and Pinz, A., 2014. Success and failure of nonprofit organizations:
Theoretical foundations, empirical evidence, and future research. Voluntas: International Journal
of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. 25(6). pp.1509-1538.
Martyn, J. and et. al 2014. Exploring the relationships between teaching, approaches to learning
and critical thinking in a problem-based learning foundation nursing course. Nurse education
today. 34(5). pp.829-835.
Mill, J.E. Allen, M.N. and Morrow, R.A., 2016. Critical theory: Critical methodology to
disciplinary foundations in nursing. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive. 33(2).
Petersén, A.C. and Olsson, J.I., 2015. Calling evidence-based practice into question:
Acknowledging phronetic knowledge in social work. The British Journal of Social Work. 45(5).
pp.1581-1597.
Sahoo, L and et.al. 2017. A molecular tool for parentage analysis in Indian major carp, Labeo
rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Aquaculture international, 25(3). pp.1159-1166.
Aka, P.C. and et.al., 2017. Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and the Evolution
of a Human Right to Healthcare in Africa. Chi.-Kent J. Int'l & Comp. L., 17, p.1.
8

9

10