Where's the Balance? Press Freedom and Privacy in the Modern World

This essay delves into the intricate relationship between freedom of the press and the right to privacy in contemporary society. It begins by outlining the background and rationale for examining this delicate balance, emphasizing the constitutional and legal protections afforded to both freedom of expression and individual privacy. The essay then reviews existing literature, exploring the inherent contradictions between these two principles and analyzing governmental regulations and privacy laws designed to prevent the leakage of confidential or personal information. The research methodology is described, including the research philosophy, approach, sampling, data collection, and analysis methods. The findings, discussion, and conclusion sections offer insights into the ongoing debate, assessing the current state of affairs and proposing measures to achieve a more equitable balance between press freedom and privacy in the modern era, particularly in the context of social media and digital information dissemination. The essay also includes a detailed structure of the dissertation, outlining each chapter's content and focus.

Where is the balance between freedom of the press
and privacy in the modern society?

Table of Contents
RESEARCH TITLE ........................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
Background of research..........................................................................................................1
Aim.........................................................................................................................................2
Objectives...............................................................................................................................2
Questions................................................................................................................................3
Rationale of research..............................................................................................................3
Significance of research.........................................................................................................3
Structure of Dissertation.........................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................6
Balance between freedom of the press and privacy in modern society..................................6
Contradiction between freedom of the press and privacy......................................................8
Governmental regulation and privacy laws to prevent leak of confidential or personal
information...........................................................................................................................11
Measures to balance between privacy and freedom of press in modern era........................12
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................13
Research philosophy.............................................................................................................13
Research approach................................................................................................................13
Sampling...............................................................................................................................14
Data collection......................................................................................................................15
Data Analysis........................................................................................................................16
Ethical consideration............................................................................................................17
Reliability and viability........................................................................................................18
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION...........................................................................23
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................26
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................29

RESEARCH TITLE
Where is the balance between freedom of the press and privacy in the modern society?
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background of research
Freedom of press is related to media and privacy which implied principle of
communication and expression to people when sharing information on electronic and printed
media. It enables right to people for circulating information or individual opinions via electronic
media and publication material (Bjørnskov, 2018). Freedom of expression is protected by
legislation first amendment of constitution of United states. It is emerged to protect distribution
of opinion ideas and information of people. Balancing freedom of press and privacy in modern
society has thin line difference and therefore is considered as delicate approach to be managed.
According to Russian constitution freedom of press and speech are foremost concern of society
and are protected by various legal amendments. Apparently, convention of Human rights by
European union is also focused on protecting individual rights with the helps of Human rights
regulation. The focus of European government is to protect human rights against any wrong
doing and therefore there are millions of cases recorded for breaching of privacy which occurred
due to freedom of press and expression.
Social media has grabbed every area of globe and created a revolution among people. It is
the advancement which can move mountains. However, modern society use of social networking
site as tool of expression own ideas and opinion. Th expression of own speech and belief is not
restricted but is important for the people to ensure individual privacy concern where information
any idea can not be mislead (Roos, 2005). It is important for the people to respect privacy of the
information shred in public because it is expression on idea to influence people or with the
motive of promoting developing in society. The freedom of press and expression is argued in
many judgments and there are various cases of judgment which will be studies in further
research
In today’s digitization world media is playing an essential role in social life of people. It
has been analyzed in recent time media is playing an important role in providing news and
information about what is happening in society. It has also reached a point where they are
involved in entering in personal life of society. This has interrupted the privacy of people. Thus,
it has broken the line of balancing between social privacy and media. This has resulted in
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conflicts (Abel, 2018). Therefore, it is important to maintain balance so that privacy is not
interrupted. Also, freedom of media does not allow them to misuse privacy rights. There should
be retention of information so that balance can be maintained. There are certain laws which can
be defined as follows:-
Freedom of expression – It refers freedom to express views, thoughts, etc. Publicly via
social media without any interference. Media can share data and information to such an extent
that it does interrupt privacy of person.
Right to privacy- Under article 8 of Human rights everyone has right to respect for their
private and family life.
It is important for the society to keep a balance between freedom of press and privacy
because it is individual right to express own idea and beliefs via electronic media. In accordance
with the dilemma of freedom of press there is an amendment enforced by United states of
constitution where focus of parliament was to prevent interference of government in distribution
of opinion and information (Westin, 2013). In accordance with changes every person has liberty
to express there views and opinion in public regardless of fear and interference. The study is
conducted to determined balance between freedom of press and privacy where it is the right of
people to obtain information from varied sources. Accumulating types of information is the basic
facts that promotes critical views and advancement in society (How do we balance privacy with
freedom?, 2002). Availability of wide range of sources and information to people enables
developing of effective decisions, framing of unique opinion and communication of views which
can assist government in setting improvement for society as whole (Kagiaros, 2015). However,
there are a million of people who accuse the freedom of press but the dilemma of situation does
not prove that it needs to be restricted.
Aim
“To assess the right ways of balancing freedom of the press and privacy in the modern
society”.
Objectives
 To develop understanding over balance between freedom of the press and privacy in
modern society.
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 To ascertain contradiction between freedom of the press and privacy
 To assess governmental regulation and privacy laws to prevent leak of confidential or
personal information.
 To suggest measures by which there can be balance between privacy and freedom of
press in modern era.
Questions
 Discuss understanding over balance between freedom of the press and privacy in modern
society?
 Explain contradiction between freedom of the press and privacy?
 What are governmental regulation and privacy laws which prevents leak of confidential
or personal information?
 What recommendation can be made to set balance between privacy and freedom of press
in modern era?
Rationale of research
The motive of conducting this study is to gain insights over the fact of freedom of
expression which lack privacy in information. Further, the study is for academic interest where
the scholar will be able to gather factual information regarding legal restriction, term privacy,
freedom of expression, social changes, role of media, change in legislation and influence of all
terms in modern society (Altman, 2017). In addition, the study is for personal interest in
journalism of freedom of expression which legal eligibility to obtain privacy. Thus, the study
will help researcher in outlining relationship and contradiction between freedom of expression
and privacy which has become the biggest problem of modern era.
Significance of research
The study is significant because it is based on privacy laws which are effective and are
necessary part of freedom of expression. It will help in determining ways to prevent speech and
expression on electronic media (Bolton, 2017). Further, it will help in deriving ways to balance
two contradictory concepts of same page. Apparently, it is important because it is based on
exploring of different regions that is United Kingdom and America.
Structure of Dissertation
Chapter 1 Introduction: It is an introductory chapter in which researcher formulates aim and
objective of study which are based on research topic. In this study the focus of aim is to derive
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ways which can helps in maintaining balance between freedom of press that is expression and
media. Further, the chapter enables brief background of study which assist in gathering insight
about keywords and research objectives which can helps in making critical discussion of entire
study.
Chapter 2: Literature review: It is the summary and accumulation secondary facts and findings
which are collected by author to understand the insights of research aim and objectives. It is
written with the help of thematic analysis which helps in outlining very aspect of research. The
Literature review of dissertation will be based on four themes that is contradiction between
freedom of the press and privacy, governmental regulation and privacy laws, balance between
freedom of press and privacy in modern society and recommendation for managing changes
according to factual summary.
Chapter 3: Research methodology: It is discussion of different research methodological tools
which are part of methodology and which are used by scholar for the present study. The first four
research tools are research design, types, approach and philosophy which offers sequential
process of conducting systematic study. Further, there is determination of sampling method
where the scholar aim at deriving tool which can assist in choosing unbiased sample of the
research., In addition, it comprises data collection technique that is primary and secondary. Thus,
the chapter helps in understanding ethical adherence of scholar for maintain confidentiality of
accumulated and analyzed information.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis: Analysis of collected information help the scholar in determining
outcomes and results from primary collected information. It is the interpretation part which is
based on views of participants and helps in analyzing pros and cons of the study. In this part
scholar make use of thematic analysis which is based on research objectives or questionnaire
framed by researcher. It is the best way of segregating and discussing collected information to
derive valid outcome of the study.
Chapter 5: Findings and discussion: This chapter of study helps in outlining results to derive
findings of research aim. It is based on critical analysis of primary and secondary collected
information. It promotes contradiction and comparison of view of different people. This is the
final chapter which aid the scholar in outlining findings which can be used for academic purpose
and future similar studies.
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Chapter 6: Conclusion and recommendation: It is the summary of entire research and
chapters which are included by scholar. This helps in understanding key aspects of study with
reference to chapters. This chapter of study is final but most important because it comprises
recommendation on the basis of entire study that is discussion and findings.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Balance between freedom of the press and privacy in modern society.
Evans, 2018, discussed about sensitive balance between individuals right to privacy and
freedom of expression of other person which is supported by Human Rights Act. In accordance
with Article 8, it analysed that individuals has right to respect and keep own and family concerns
private. The law supports individual right to privacy and freedom of expression with regard to
which people are supported to share their opinion and views without any interference. The
introduction of two contradictory principles always led to question on laws for putting two odds
with each other. The scholar outlined breach of privacy In 2006 where prince of Wales won a
case against Mail in which details of dispatch from Hong Kong were published. He gained
injunction against newspaper for breach of privacy which helps him in preventing publishing of
any other extracts.
As per the views of Benn, 2017, there has always been a traditional distrust which led to
conflict between two regulatory principles that is freedom of press and privacy. It is identified
that the collapse of two principles was supported by Human Right Act according to which all
individual of European Union have freedom to speech without interference. The freedom of
speech is supported by legal principles and right of privacy. As per article 10 of Human Rights
Act right to freedom of expression is basic human need which comprise freedom to hold opinion
and impart ideas and information without any interference. In case of unusual circumstances like
clashing or conflict between two regulator principles focus of judge is on setting balance
between freedom of privacy and press. In this focus of justice making body is to enable
individual right to expression of own opinion and ideas without any interference.
Zajonc, 2017, argued that freedom of press have long lasting history in American law and
according to these areas of conflict between two regulatory terms is limited to certain extent. The
laws are mutually supportive and have minor likelihood of conflicts. Freedom expression and
expression is related to digital advancement because the majority of interference is free to speech
is occurring because of misuse of information via social media or search engine optimization.
Right to express individuals ideas and opinion in modern society is becoming critical point of
discussion because the information shared by people is trolled which promotes negativity and
impacts stability of society and ways of thinking. It is determined that the balance between two
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likely terms has rose because of change in living patterns and critical thinking of society. The
freedom of expression can never be neglected or argued by any constitutional regulation but on
the other hand it is important fr the modern society to keep balance between freedom of press
and expression.
As per the views of Voltmer and Wasserman, 2014, privacy in modern society is for sale
and is recognised as commodity which obtains exposure from press. In accordance with this it is
becoming important to establish comparison between law of defamation and privacy. As per
constitution, freedom of expression is expression of own ideas, beliefs, opinion via speech. It is
kind of open communication which cannot be argued until it is misleading or hampering privacy
or safety of certain person. In modern era freedom of expression is enjoyed by society and
people are openly expression their opinion by sharing own view over one particular situation.
Social media is common platform on which individuals of modern era are discussion their views
over certain situation. It encourages wide opinion and ideas which can incorporated to improve
level of society. However, there a million of people who are accusing use of internet and
freedom of expression which creates conflicting situation of society.
However, Svensson and Edström, 2015, articulated about balance between freedom of
press and expression which is the basic regulation which promotes free to speech concept.
Integration of ideas and opinion of different people play and important role in development
because it supports generation of new ideas and support of society. Freedom of press also
encourages equality and diversity because it integrated different type of people on one platforms.
However, in case of argument over two regulatory principles focus of justice making body is on
setting balance between two situations because accusing one right can be questionable and
hamper peace. Moreover, in case of expression is accused then it is the only situation when there
is reach of privacy like misleading someone's personal information, display of unusual acts,
stealing of opinion and trolling one's opinion or ideas. Likewise, it is articulated that freedom of
speech, expression and press is restricted in case of security of state like on expression which
encourages commission of offence or, danger to security of nation or a part of nation.
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Contradiction between freedom of the press and privacy
According to Clifton, 2015, independent press standards organisation which is emerged
as protector of freedom expression. The organisation aim at balancing the approaches of freedom
of expression and press in modern society with own unique approach. PA is members of IPSO
and is known as independent regulator for magazine and newspaper industry of United Kingdom.
The focus of individual is on maintaining standards of freedom of expression and press with new
level approaches which are discussed below:
 Accuracy: In accordance with view of PA, it is necessary for press to consider care when
publishing information in newspaper and magazines. Like it is important for the people to
have clear understanding over misleading, inaccurate and distorted data. Likewise,
headline of the articles or new needs to properly frame in order to protect standards of
expression and speech. As per the member of IPSO it is determined that press own the
authority of bing a guiding light for the society and therefore it is essential for the people
to have ability of distinguishing between facts, comment and conjecture.
 Privacy: It is another measure which draws sensitive line between freedom of expression
and press for which member of IPSO stated that very person is entitled to family, friends,
immediate guardians, health and digital communication. The news publisher or the writer
of particular writer is responsible for answering own intrusion in case the press
interrupted to anyone's privacy. Like Mantelero, 2013, discussed about disclosure of
information, harm to beliefs are uninformed consent. Moreover, press can not make use
of individual photos or images without consent. Thus, it can be stated that there is rate of
expectation of society from press to assure privacy of matter or news.
 Harassment: As per individual's authority of IPSO it is clear that press can not interrupt
individual privacy intimidation, persistent pursuit and harassment. It is about security of
society and therefore the new and articles need to be accurate in way of pressing
information about anything or person. The people working for press are not allowed to
pursue person for questioning or photographing for certain information. The people
working for press are bound to respect privacy of people and can not follow people
around and if found guilty another it is considered as breach of privacy for harassment.
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 Reporting suicide: It is foremost rule per concern for the press for which IPSO focused
on key facts that when reporting case of suicide it is important for the people to avoid
taking excessive details because it can harm individual privacy and health. Further, when
dealing with case of suicide, murder, etc. It is necessary for the individual to seek for
legal permission because it is responsibility of media to right to report legal proceedings.
 Encroachment into shock or grief: These kinds of situation are sensitive and therefore
it is important for the press to be sensitive when approaching person who experienced
grief. In these cases press needs to be focus on two factors that is discretion and
sympathy.
 Children: The individuals are vulnaerabble to information or strangers therefore its I
responsibility of press to value their privacy and do intrude the generation with
unnecessary poking and approaching. Further, according to Kokott and Sobotta, 2012,
children should not photograph without permission of school, parents and immediate
guardians. In addition, press can not publishing any information stated by child instead
the individual needs to seek for justification of family or immediate guardians for
publishing.
 Discrimination: The individual publishing information are bounded by regulation and
rules of IPSO where it is necessary for press to ensure that information published should
no focus on any facts which promotes discrimination on the basis of race, case, creed,
seems, identity, sexual orientate, beliefs, values, etc. Press own the ultimate power of
influencing society and therefore information published needs to be accurate and leading
with the motive of promoting development and stability in society. Likewise, Mendel and
et.al., 2012, discussed about discrimination which is critical topic which can break the
sensitive line between freedom of expression and press therefore PA of IPSO focused on
approach of press where the individual are liable to publish less detail about colour
religion, sex, sexual identity, etc. of the person.
 Financial journalism: In this journalist can use information with the on finances like
own profit or advances but can not intrude or publish other personal financial information
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