This essay examines Jules Ferry's defense of French imperialism during the late 19th century. It begins by introducing Ferry's position as Prime Minister and the economic factors driving France's colonial ambitions, such as rising trade barriers and protectionism. The essay explores Ferry's key arguments, including the need for new export markets and the idea of a civilizing mission. It then analyzes the criticisms leveled against Ferry's views, particularly regarding human rights and racial superiority. The essay also covers Ferry's responses to these criticisms, clarifying his justifications for French dominance over perceived 'inferior races' and his non-economic arguments that emphasized France's pursuit of power and influence. The essay concludes by highlighting the multifaceted nature of Ferry's defense, encompassing economic, political, and civilizational justifications for French imperialism, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the historical context and controversies surrounding French colonialism.
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