Nursing Essay: Frontal Lobe Functions and Brain Injury Impact

This essay delves into the primary functions of the frontal lobe and the repercussions of brain injury. It begins by outlining the frontal lobe's role in cognitive functions such as memory, learning, and behavior, and subsequently explores the impact of brain injury on these functions. The essay then discusses the healthy structure and function of the brain, including the roles of different frontal lobe regions. Furthermore, it examines the effects of brain injury, including memory loss, behavioral changes, and dementia. The essay also explores treatment options such as brain stimulation and surgery and their potential positive and negative impacts on brain structure and function. In conclusion, the essay highlights the importance of understanding the frontal lobe's vulnerability to injury and the need for precautionary measures to avoid brain injury.

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Brain is the controlling unit of mechanism in the body. It is divided into three main part
known as cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. The main functions of the brain are vision,
hearing, speech, emotion, learning and memory (Näätänen, 2018). The largest part is cerebrum
which is divided into four lobes that include frontal, occipital, temporal and occipital. Frontal
lobe is the important part of the brain as it is responsible for the emergence of conscious
thoughts, memory and learning. It is the slowest part of the brain in term of maturity. It is located
in the front portion of cerebrum, behind the forehead and under the frontal skull bone (Kleinow,
2018). Brain injury has lethal impact on the frontal lobe, like change in behavior, dementia and
memory loss. Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to address the primary function of the
frontal lobe and its impact on brain injury. Firstly, the essay will address the clear description of
the primary function of frontal lobe with respect to brain injury. Secondly, essay will highlight
about the healthy brain structure and function, and brain stimulation, and lastly, the paper will
discuss about the impacts of treatment or intervention on brain structure and function.
Frontal lobe is the paired lobe which is comprises the two-third of the brain which is
named as left and right frontal cortex. According to the research of Mosiashvili, Kasradze and
Gagoshidze (2017) it can be said that these two side of the brain control the opposite side of the
human body. It means that left part of the frontal lobe affects and control the right portion of the
body, likewise the right frontal lobe controls the lefts side of the body. Such function helps to
determine the impact of the brain injury in the body. It is evident from the study of Klein, Metz,
Elmer and Jäncke (2018) that Broca region in the frontal lobe helps to control the cognitive skill.
Concerning to the primary function of the frontal lobe of controlling skill, it is known to play
major role in the understanding the language, and speaking. Showing empathy and emotion is
also the function of the frontal lobe. Klein, Metz, Elmer and Jäncke (2018) has discussed that

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Brain injury in the frontal lobe often leads to issue in gathering information, causes memory loss
and difficulty in concentrating things. Thus, it can be interpreted that damage to brain leave the
frontal lobe vulnerable and affects the behavior and cognition of human (Grandy, 2018).
In the study of Sale, Reid, Cocchi, Pagnozzi, Rose et al. (2017), it is inferred that there
are four distant region of the frontal lobe which is responsible to execute the cognitive function.
The medial frontal lobe comprises of cingulate gyrus and research suggest that help in creating
self-awareness. The other region is known as lateral frontal lobe which also consist of superior
frontal gyrus which play dual function that include self-awareness and language procession.
Recent studies have suggested that polar region of the frontal lobe consist of transverse
frontomarginal gyrus, which is also responsible for its cognitive function (Domenech &
Koechlin, 2015). The other part of the frontal lobe is known as orbital frontal lobe that also
includes anterior orbital gyrus, posterior orbital gyrus, medial orbital gyrus and gyrus rectus. The
research by Kleinow (2018) these part of the frontal lobe is damaged due to Brain injury which
leads to lethal consequence and loss of function of each part. Thus, Medial frontal lobe is highly
vulnerable to injury and cause of loss of memory and dementia in person.
It is evident from the research of Leisman, Moustafa and Shafir (2016), that frontal lobe
also interacts with the other portion of the body to execute the function of developing cognitive
skill. It is also suggested that any single brain region cannot control whole body. Brain injury in
the limbic node can lead to loss of its functioning forever. It seen by the research that frontal lobe
is the house of cognitive function, any sort of injury and trauma can affect the functioning and
key role leading to drastic effect like change in behavior, character and body balancing (Fuster,
2015). Injury to brain can be accidental, due to trauma, surgery or brain disease. It is evident
from the study of Boly, Massimini, Tsuchiya, Postle, Koch et al. (2017) that due to brain injury

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the function of the frontal lobe is lost. As the impact of the brain injury, there is weakness of
motor skill that lead to emergence of behavioral problem. Due to brain injury, there is increase in
volume of the frontal lobe which is reported with various sign and symptoms. From the study of
Swinton (2016) it is indicated that the impact of the brain injury in the frontal lobe can lead to
memory loss, difficulty in concentrating things and person may even suffer from the dementia.
Thus, it can be stated that frontal lobe is the most vulnerable region of the brain to injury because
of two reason, its front location and highly developed region.
The brain injury in the frontal lobe can have extensive and far-reaching damage that lead
to aggressive behavior and difficulties in speech. The person is unable to make decision, they
have difficulties in planning, executing functioning and paying attention to daily living activities.
There is loss memory in person and there is sudden dramatic change in the personality and
character. The intelligence of the people can also become low. As the major function of frontal
lobe is developing cognitive skill, any brain injury can have change in emotion, where the person
can show sign of mental illness like depression, anxiety and stress. The reasoning skill of the
person gets impaired with brain injury. Thus, it is indicated in the study of Borghesani, Monti,
Fortis, & Miceli (2019) that brain injury in the frontal lobe can also lead to the emergence of
reduplicative paramnesia, where the person remains in confused state of mind.
The treatment of the brain injury can be initially related with knowing the cause of the
injury. O'Connell, Marston, Spencer, DeSouza and Wand (2018), to the study of it is referred
that brain stimulation is termed as the neurologic method in which a medical device is placed to
treat the patients suffering from neurological disorders such as, tremor, rigidity, stiffness and
motor coordination difficulty. In this method the function of the brain is monitored with the aid
of electricity. The electricity is passed through the brain via different electrodes which is

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implanter in the brain or via placing the electrodes on the scalp of the patient is suffering from
mental illness. These electrodes produces different electrical impulses which is proved to
regulate the abnormal impulse in the brain. The amount of electricity that can be passed through
brain depends upon the severity of the disease. These therapies are usually provided to patient
who cannot ger rid of their illness by the aid of medication. Brain stimulation targets the
subthalamic nucleus part of the brain which forms the part of the diencephalon, a part of
forebrain. This part of the brain works in order to integrate different information from the help of
different neurons which is responsible for the proper functioning of the motor coordination
(Hamel, Köppen, Alesch, Antonini, Barcia et al., 2017).
Apart from this it also plays a significant role in the cognitive processes of the brain such
as response modulation or decision making. Apart from brain stimulation, there are various
treatment available for brain injury like surgery or relevant medication. It is inferred from the
study of Neren, Johnson, MLegon, Bachour, Ling et al. (2016) that surgery and brain stimulation
can have negative and positive impact on the structure and function brain. Change in the
structure of the frontal lobe, can lead to change in primary of cognitive skill of Brain. These
interventions also have the potential to change the nerves connectivity in brain, moreover the
grey matter and white matter of brain may get affected. The drugs also cause effect the cerebral
structure, leading to inactivation of limbic response to emotional stimuli. However, Brain
stimulation and intervention for Brain injury can also modify the damage part which have cause
healthy functioning of the brain.
Lastly, from the above discussion, it can be said that Frontal lobe is the most essential
part of brain which is known to control the cognitive function of the body. It is evident that,
injury or illness to the brain can cause negative impact on both physical and mental health of the

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patient. Frontal lobe is highly vulnerable to damage in brain injury which could lead to loss of
memory, emergence of aggressive behavior, unconscious state of mind, dementia and change in
personality. To treat such effect, brain stimulation, surgery and relevant medication are the
available options for the frontal lobe injury. However, it also have both positive and negative
impact on the brain structure and function. The original structure of the Brain is modified due to
surgery and brain stimulation, which can change the cognitive ability of the person. However, it
also have the potential to correct the damage effect on brain. Thus, it can be said that precaution
must be taken by the people to avoid the incidence of brain injury.

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Borghesani, V., Monti, A., Fortis, P., & Miceli, G. (2019). Reduplicative paramnesia for places:
A comprehensive review of the literature and a new case report. Clinical neurology and
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Domenech, P., & Koechlin, E. (2015). Executive control and decision-making in the prefrontal
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