Functional Analysis and Allocation of Southern Cross Station: Report

This research paper delves into Functional Analysis and Allocation (FA&A) within the engineering design system, assessing the process through the lens of inputs, outputs, staging, and methods. Focusing on the Southern Cross Station as a case study, the paper examines how FA&A converts system-level requirements into detailed functional and performance criteria. It explores the station's design, including its environmentally sustainable features, innovative solutions, and passenger-focused amenities. The report covers the inputs, such as project constraints and customer needs, and the outputs, including system architecture and development specifications. The staging of the process is analyzed, as are the supporting processes like requirements analysis and functional partitioning. The paper also reviews methods of functional analysis, including functional diagrams and time representations, and functional allocation, such as design synthesis and functional architecture, to meet the top-level requirements. The analysis provides insights into the station's design elements, from the roof structure to the passenger information systems, highlighting how FA&A contributes to the overall success of the project.

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THE FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND ALLOCATION
A Research Paper on FA&A By
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INTRODUCTION
This research paper is about Functional analysis and Allocation in the engineering design system
through assessment of the staging, supporting process, output, inputs and the procedure of
functional allocation and analysis. It can be described as a procedure of converting requirement
level of the system into comprehensive functional and performance criteria of the design. The
design of the engineering system is a comprehensive process of solving problems applied to
sequentially top-down by the team. This process converts the needs and requirements into the
system description of products and process, give input for next level of development and provide
information for those who make decisions.
The process of functional allocation and analysis comprises the output and input, the process of
staging within the life cycle of the system, approaches and methods of doing analysis and
allocation. This process removes the bridge between the requirement and constraints of the high
level systems and the necessary details set to improve and execute the programs. This report
covered functional analysis and allocation of Southern Cross station.
Southern Cross formerly referred to the Spenser Street station is the main railway station in
Melbourne. The station is owned and maintained by the infranexus. It is the busiest railway
station with 18 million passengers' movement. Southern Cross station is situated at the western
edge of CBD at a distance of 1.2km from the stations of flinders. The stations are served by 22
tracks and 16platforms (Gamdhimathi, 2011).
Purpose

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FA&A enables for the best understanding of what the system of engineering performs and the
process of performing it and also it's extended. The main purpose of constructing southern
Melbourne station was to create an environmentally sustainable design, innovate solution of low
energy and disperse diesel fuel. Exhaust gases and hot air without applying the electric fans. The
station was constructed to provide comfortable options for transport to the passengers' ineffective
way that encourage the traveller and commuters to use environmentally friendly way of
travelling (Gamdhimathi, 2011).
Inputs
The FA&A procedure input mainly comprises the constraints of the projects, objectives of the
projects, requirements and the customer's need. The input processes may comprise the
requirement based on the requirement of program decision, corporate decision, and requirement
of output from the application of system engineering procedures application, the technology
available, missions, effectiveness measure and also environmental applications. The mission of
Southern Cross station was to provide a sustainable way of transport (Gamdhimathi, 2011).
Outputs
The output of this procedures is dependent on the level of development and comprise the
baseline, architecture of the system, database of decision and specification of the development
stage. The output is usually any information that defines and regulates the procedures needed for
product development. The project of Southern Cross station included transport interchange and
re-development of a commercial that comprises the car parking, retails and offices. Some of the
output includes a screen of passengers with the real-time of train departure and arrival
information and also comfy areas of waiting. It had coach station of 30 bay, comfortable and

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secured amenities for 800 cars and pick up and drop off points for five minutes (Bijan, et al.,
2012).
Staging
The process is staged by defining the performance of lower-level and functional requirement
hence describing the architecture at the increasing detailed levels. The requirement of the system
is allocated and defined in more details to give design and verification criteria to regulates the
incorporation of the designs' system.
Supporting process
The first phase of the process of system engineering is the investigation of the procedure's inputs.
The requirement's analysis is practical to the growth of performance and functional requirements.
The analysis process of the requirement defines the constraints of design and clarity and
functional requirement. The functional partitioning is a supporting procedure that includes
categorizing of roles that fit with the parts to be applied reasonably and lower the functional
interface (Capilla, et al., 2011).
The constraints of the site stated that the major spine trusses ran down and centrally. The
platform was not parallel to the Spenser Street resulting in the requirement to fabricate and
design profiles to manage the skew. There was a challenge of fabrication in the whole process.
The Southern Cross station is managed by a metro train of Melbourne. Numerous dissimilar rail
services operate from the Victoria station, Melbourne and around the world. The services are
provided from platforms 1 to 8 (Ferrari, et al., 2010).
METHODS OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

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The subsequent stage of system engineering design after making the goals and requirement of the
system is functional study. It allocates the design into smaller parts recognized as the basics that
describe what every part will do. At this phase, there is no importance for restricting the design's
choice since the best solution or choice may be left. The approaches for functional study
comprise the functional diagram and process of analysis. The project started in 2002 and was
finished in 2006. The roof of 35000m2 was fitted at 23m height to cover the whole station.
Escalators, ticket barriers, walkways and rail platforms were refurbished and upgraded. Areas for
checking baggage and passenger lounges were also built. The station was fitted with 120
passengers' screens for information. The projects also comprise upgrading of rail structures like
modification of platforms, adjustment of a track, including infrastructure and electrical work
(Kumar & Suresh, 2018).
Functional diagram
The diagrams display and record the functions which make the design of the engineering system.
The diagram is the approach that applies is the rectangular box to denote all the function. The
functional diagram may be looping and dissimilar activities can occur at dissimilar times or
sequential like the phases involved in the production process.
Representation of time
Within the functional diagram, it shows that the second function cannot start before the start of
the first one. When the loop is in the diagram, the start sequence should be taken into account in
the system engineering design.

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Figure 1: availability payment of the project
Figure 2: Financial structure of the project
Relationship between representations
Higher-level diagrams usually have many flows because they are representing many systems at
the same time. The intricacy can be managed by applying big diagrams with many sheets so that
all the sheet display flow subset to the same role to make them more understandable. The
intricacy can be dealt with by tacking the spreadsheet and data table flows which may possess
many entries as needed (Morandini, et al., 2015).

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Diagram
During the design, the main concern is usually concentrated on the function of production. There
can be a dissimilarity in the systematic assignment of the scheme boundary for design purposes
and analysis. The input and output from the outer boundary of the system chosen as portrayed to
the left and right diagrams.
Functional flow and numbers
Names and numbers are what classifies function and flow within the design of the system. The
numbers must be unique and made of many components composed of numbers and letters
separated by periods. In the project of Southern Cross tower, it involves installing a water system
that saved an estimate of 20miilion litres a day. The stormwater was being used in toilets in the
stations, cleaning and nearest gardens and parks. The water was being collected from the station's
roof and stored in the tank in the tunnel under the station. The roof area is 34,000m2 hence gives
the station potentials to collect ting stormwater (Perry, et al., 2016).
Functional diagram
This display ways of recoding the functions making up the system of engineering. The diagram
is in the form of a graph and applies a rectangular box to show every role. The arrow shows the
flow of any time from one function to another. The flow joint to the outside of the function and
the system. Outputs are described on the right and inputs on the left. The diagram may be
looping with their feedback, parallel where dissimilar actions can happen at the dissimilar time
such as showing the phases involved in the production process.

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Figure 3: Functional diagram
METHODS OF FUNCTIONAL ALLOCATION
All the functional requirements at the top level are apportioned for all the lower levels of
functions. The record for pedigree requirement imposed on the system and subsystem is
traceability. It is also knowns the human factor method of deciding if a function will be
accomplished by the technologies, human or the mixture. They include:
Design synthesis
The complex geometry relies on the stiffness of every roof member, footings and columns to
carry the load designs and provide the lateral, stability to the whole structure of the roof. 3D
computer modelling program was applied in designing the structure. Computers were used to
address different combinations of loads of individual member sizes and shapes and support
conditions.
The major aspect of the station design was performed practically. the station provides fifteen
million commuters yearly with ticketing of high quality, fully sheltered, handling baggage,
waiting for the services for retails, systems for displaying, information for the passengers and
lighting devices. The inner part of the station is big hall with continuous vistas in all direction so
that the interlinkages of dissimilar streets around the building can be understood easily

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(Gamdhimathi, 2011). Accommodation pods underneath the roof house management roles and
provide space of rail below.
The design focus on dune-like a roof that covers the whole block of the city. It works as a bridge
between the new dockland and the city centre also unites interchange elements, giving shaded,
cool and space on the civic scale. The design of the roof is produced by the requirement of the
station to part of an environmental envelope. It was created to respond to the hot outside climate
and interior requirement for extraction of diesel and cooling through ventilation which is natural.
It is waterproof form in and allows smoke, contaminants and diesel articles to be discharged
since it is believed to be breathing internally. The roof moguls serve as air reservoirs that capture
hot air and fumes of the train's diesel. The smokes and hot air are captured via the roof and
louvres at the apex of every mogul by the winds that prevail (Gamdhimathi, 2011).
The project comprises the construction of station which is the transport system and included the
development of retail, car park areas and also new offices. The stations provided destinations and
routes and created new urban places for Melbourne. The increased interlinkages encourages
improvement and regeneration of local commercial growth.

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Functional architecture
Figure 4: Functional architecture
This involves a top-down decomposition system that ensures system functions and performance
requirement are met. It shows function allocation that should be done in the logical sequence
related to performance and requirement. The Southern Cross station operates from the Victoria
stations to Melbourne and around the country. The station provides the services to Adelaide. The
station provides information on public transport, free buggy transport for the elderly and disabled
people and another area (Wessels, 2010).

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Figure 5: Architecture of Southern Cross station
Allocation of functional levels
This can be attained by ensuring that all top-level requirement is met. This is achieved by
assigning many and single functions to all levels for implementations. The station is managed
and maintained by the Southern Cross station limited. All the reasons behind the construction of
this station were met by the services the station stared providing to people and also the economy
of Australia (Bijan, et al., 2012).

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Figure 6: functional allocation of Southern Cross station
CONCLUSION
This research paper analyses the functional analysis and allocation as the main procedure in the
design of system engineering. The project reviewed the input and output for the functional
allocation and analysis process, process staging within the life cycle of the system, methods and
approached in allocation and analysis. Case study of Southern Cross tower station is also
discussed with FA&A. Importance of functional allocation and analysis include the process of
traceability and requirement of product's design, ensure attainability, consistency, desirability
and validity of the requirement of the customers on the presentation of functional requirement
and also alternate decisions are provided.

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Ferrari, R., m, Miller, J. & Madhavji, N., 2010. A controlled experiment to assess the impact of system
architectures on new system requirements. Requirements Engineering, Volume 15, pp. 215-233.
Gamdhimathi, S., 2011. Evaluate the Railway Platforms Service Quality of the Southern Railways. Journal
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Kumar, S. & Suresh, P., 2018. Performance Analysis of Channel Allocation Scheme for A System Model
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Wessels, W., 2010. Practical reliability engineering and analysis for system design and life-cycle
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