Report: Types of IT Information Systems and Knowledge Systems

This report provides a comprehensive overview of IT information systems, categorizing them into strategic, tactical, and operational systems, with examples of their application within organizations. It further delves into the concept of knowledge-based systems, elucidating their functionalities, advantages, and disadvantages, and how they are utilized to enhance decision-making and problem-solving capabilities. The report also explores the uses of knowledge-based systems in diagnosis, monitoring, debugging, and decision-making. Moreover, the report highlights the integration of knowledge-based systems with expert systems and decision support systems (DSS) to improve productivity. The document emphasizes the importance of these systems in gathering, storing, organizing, and communicating data to improve efficiency and gain a competitive advantage. The report also includes a list of references to support the information presented.

Fundamentals of IT

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Three types of IT information system required in organisation along with their examples...3
Explaining knowledge based systems and its requirement in an organisation.......................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

MAIN BODY
Three types of IT information system required in organisation along with their examples
IT information system is an organised system which involves gathering, storing,
organising and communicating the data. This system enables an organisation to bring efficiency
in their operations. There are various kinds of IT systems which are required at every level of
organisation structure. These systems along with their requirements are discussed below:
Strategic system - This information system is created for the benefit of organisations to
attain competitive advantage. As this system enables them to use information for making
strategies. This system is usually used by top level management which are responsible to develop
effective plans and strategies which are followed by entire business organisation. This system
helps to mechanise operations for better control. For example: In an organisation, head of
marketing department uses past gathered and stored data of customer preferences by which
future strategies for promotion can be developed to attain maximum profit (Cornish-Bowden &
Cornish-Bowden, 2012).
Tactical system - Under this information system, organisation uses data for decision
making and developing reports for employee performance. This system is associated with
managerial level of organisation structure. Information which is collected is utilised in order to
improve efficiency and productivity of employees and organisations. For example: In an
organisation, supervisors of various departments uses information to provide high satisfaction to
their clients by resolving all their issues (Shortle & et.al., 2018).
Operational system - This information system helps an organisation to attain operational
excellence. It has been considered that operational department is the most significant factor
which can immensely affect productivity of business organisation. In order to ensure proper
management and control of this factor, management of business firm uses this system. This
system is used at operational or lower level of organisation structure. This system helps in
measuring and improving productivity of an entity. This helps in creating new products, business
models and services. For example: Organisations like Apple Inc., uses this system at their
operational level to monitor and increase communication with their clients so that they can attain
highest level of their satisfaction (Loss & Crave, 2011).
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Explaining knowledge based systems and its requirement in an organisation
Strategic, tactical and operational information systems are used at different levels of an
organisation system. In order to acquire benefit from a system which can be used at all levels and
can help in gathering and utilising all kind of information, a new system is identified named as
knowledge based system. This system along with its uses is discussed below:
Knowledge based system - This is an IT system which generates and utilises data and
information sourced from internal as well as external sources. This system assists a business
organisation in problem solving procedures and support human learning. This system is
considered as the most efficient system of artificial intelligence. There are few positive as well as
few negative characteristics of this system.
Knowledge based system like expert system and DSS ( decision support system ) helps
in integration of knowledge and promote productivity. On the other hand, when this system is
used for a large volume of data it manipulates information and leads towards inaccurate results
(Chin & et.al., 2012).
Uses of knowledge based system - This system helps in identification of problems with
its unique feature of diagnosis. Information which is collected by this system is further
interpreted in order to identify future issues which can occur. Another use of this computer
system is monitoring. It helps management of an organisation to monitor and detect any
inconsistencies by checking regular and continuous performances. Debugging is an another use
of this system which enables to identify any malfunctions and even prescribes remedies.
Most important use of this system is that it helps in making effective decisions. For
example: an organisation can gather information about market trends for investment in order to
identify which project is best suitable for them to invest in so that they can attain maximum
profit. It provides most effective user interface due to which it is considered as easy to use. Some
other uses and benefit of knowledge based system includes permanent, consistent and affordable.
As this system is a computer based system it requires a human hand but can function with little
interference of experts (Eurich, Weiblen & Breitenmoser, 2014).
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal:
Cornish-Bowden, A., & Cornish-Bowden, A. (2012).Fundamentals of enzyme kinetics (Vol.
510). Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-Blackwell.
Shortle, J. F. & et.al., (2018). Fundamentals of queueing theory (Vol. 399). John Wiley & Sons.
Loss, L., & Crave, S. (2011). Agile Business Models: an approach to support collaborative
networks. Production Planning & Control, 22(5-6), 571-580.
Chin, S. T. S. & et.al., (2012). Relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual
intelligence in nurturing creativity and innovation among successful entrepreneurs: A
conceptual framework. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 57, 261-267.
Eurich, M., Weiblen, T., & Breitenmoser, P. (2014). A six-step approach to business model
innovation. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Management, 18(4), 330-348.
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