Fundamentals of Travel and Tourism: Trends, Destinations, and Supply

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the travel and tourism industry, focusing on historical developments, different types of tourism such as mass and special interest tourism, and their characteristics. It explores the reasons why tourists visit particular destinations, referencing literature on tourism demand, tourist behavior, and motivations. The report also examines the elements to consider when developing a new destination, investigating the 6A’s of tourism (Access, Attractions, Accommodation, Activities, Amenities, and Ancillary services). Furthermore, it identifies and outlines the key organizations involved in the tourism supply chain within the private, public, and voluntary sectors of the UK travel and tourism industry, providing a detailed analysis of the factors influencing the growth and development of tourism.

Fundamentals of Travel and Tourism
1

Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
1. A summary of the key historical and current developments in tourism, identifying the
different types of tourism (Mass and Special Interest tourism) and explaining their
characteristics, providing examples where appropriate. (LO1).................................................4
2. A discussion of the reasons why tourists visit a particular destination, with reference to
relevant and extensive literature, particularly in relation to tourism demand, tourist behaviour,
and tourist motivations. (LO2)...................................................................................................5
3. An examination of the elements that should be considered when developing a new
destination, extensively investigating the 6A’s of a tourist destination. (LO3).........................6
4. Identification and an outline of the key organisations involved in the ‘Tourism Supply
Chain’ in the private, public and voluntary sector of the U.K. travel and tourism industry.
(LO4)..........................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................9
References................................................................................................................................10
2

Introduction
Travel and tourism have been the vigorous source for the earning and generation of income in
the country. This made the government and people participate in its development so that it
can make the increment in the frequency of tourist arrival. The report gives its key focus on
the areas of historical development and its characteristics that make assurance of different
types of tourism. The needs of tourists in the different tourism sector will also be described in
the report. The elements for the development of destination and copious factors that impact
the motivation of the tourist will also be discussed in the report.
3

1. A summary of the key historical and current developments in tourism, identifying the
different types of tourism (Mass and Special Interest tourism) and explaining their
characteristics, providing examples where appropriate. (LO1)
Tourism is increasing at a rapid rate in the UK that leads to the development of the historical
monuments for making the tourists to retain them in the UK and leads to increase the
economy in the country. Tourism refers to the activity of the people that is done outside of
their usual environment for leisure but not more than one year. The tourism is based on the
movement of the people and their purpose has affected the productivity of the country. The
purpose of the tourist effects the economic growth of the country. GSM leisure travel ltd.
Evaluate the types of customers and number of tourist that travel to the UK every year so that
it can it can make the production of required products and services as per the needs of the
tourists. The development would take place as per the needs of the tourist and enhances the
natural beauty of the country. The different types of tourist travel from one place to another
such as mass tourism and special interest tourism (Tutorials Point, 2017).
Mass tourism refers to a number of people going to a single place over a period of time. It
was emerged in 1960-1970 and linked to 3S’s that is package holiday. It involves a number
of thousand people visiting a same place in the same year. It is the cheapest way to spend the
holiday as the travelling to the same pace takes place. This has been the best source for
generation of income in the UK with the mass tourism (Pons, 2016). Package deals are sold
by the GSM leisure travel ltd. This helps in attracting the customer and leads to earning high
profits. The package deals are offered to the tourists so that it can make the customers get
attracted and lead to visit the place again and again. For example, approximately 17.8 million
people travel to Spain from the UK to see the Playa Levante Beach. The majority of people
travels to Spain are families and youth those who are young at heart (Boniface, 2013).
On the other hand, SIT (special interest tourism) also takes place that refers to the visiting of
the people to a particular place for a specific purpose. This tourism depends on the interest of
the tourist for visiting the place as it affects the arrival and departure of people at a particular
region. The interest of the people depends on the factors such as demographic, cultural,
geographic etc. this affects the decision of the tourists in the UK. Various types of tourist
interest take lead to tourism are eco-tourism, wildlife tourism, sex tourism, educational
tourism etc. The GSM leisure travel ltd. needs to focus on the interest of the tourist so that it
4

can increase the number of the tourist in the UK. This also improves the economy, culture,
and environment etc. of the country. The types of SITs are Olympics in sports tourism,
national trust and UNESCO in heritage and cultural tourism etc. attracts the number of
tourism according to their interest. This also creates employment opportunity for the people
and economic growth takes place (Agarwal, et. al., 2018).
5

2. A discussion of the reasons why tourists visit a particular destination, with reference
to relevant and extensive literature, particularly in relation to tourism demand, tourist
behaviour, and tourist motivations. (LO2)
Tourists visit the destination to fulfill their needs and due to the pull and push factors. This
makes the individual take a decision regarding their visit to a particular place or destination.
The pull factors exert pressure on the tourist and it develops various strategies that attract the
customers and the demand for tourism get fulfilled. The demand for tourism gets increased
with the facilities that have been provided to them as well as the types of tourism as per their
demands present to them. This makes the tourists to be provided with motivation level so that
they get attracted to the place and their needs and demands get satisfied. The tourists can be
motivated by various means such as business, culture, education, social reasons etc. This help
in increasing the tourism in the UK and growth in the economy takes place. This also makes
the tourist take the right decision for the choice of travelling to a particular destination. A
number of typologies have been taken into consideration by GSM Leisure travels Ltd. so that
it can make the relevant production of products and services that increase the tourism in the
UK (Turner, 2017).
The typology of Gray, Plog, and Cohen makes the concern on the changing scenario of
tourism day by day that makes the tour operator adopt such changes so that it can make the
tourist to be met with their demands. The typology of Cohen given in 2004 suggests that
tourist should travel to a destination to enjoy their holidays, experience new things, new
lifestyle, culture and accepts the authenticity. There are organised as well as individual mass
tourism that needs to be kept in mind as they are a vital source for the generation of income
in the country. The explorer and drifter are the tourists’ carry special interest. The typology of
Cohen and Plog are similar to each other as they carry the division of allocentric and
psycocentric. Allocentric tourists are more interested to experience new things and values in
the country on the other hand psycocentric tourist are indulged in the values and culture that
are similar to the home country. These typologies affect the motivation level of the tourists
and make them adopt the changes that take place in tourism. This increases the demand for
tourism and leads to increase the frequency of tourists in the country.
Various other factors also affect the motivation of the tourists such as personal influence and
social influence. This changes the decision of the tourists regarding the visiting to the type of
6

destination. Personal influences refer to the age, gender; family etc. makes the tourist take the
decision of the choice of destination. The social influences such as income level, nationality,
social class etc. also affect the decision making of the individual as this effect the motivation
of the people for the travelling to the destination. The factors that attract the tourist to a
particular destination are called the pull factors such as transportation facility,
communication, hospitality services etc. This makes the tourists get attracted to the particular
place for fulfilling its needs and wants. The factors that make the tourists persuade for the
travelling lead to push factors such as planning for the trips. These affect the motivation of
the tourists and make them travel to the destination and make them earn the benefits. GSM
Leisure travels Ltd. needs to keep all the factors into its consideration so that it can attract the
tourists and make the earning of revenue in the organisation. This also helps in the growth of
the economy and society of the country (Sears and Economics, 2013).
7

3. An examination of the elements that should be considered when developing a new
destination, extensively investigating the 6A’s of a tourist destination. (LO3)
Numerous elements need to be kept into consideration for developing the destination so that
GSM leisure travel ltd. can attract a number of tourists in the country and lead to the growth
of the economy. Tourism plays an essential role in developing the nation as it directly affects
the economic, social, cultural and educational sector of society. This help in motivating
people to make their visit so that increase in profits takes place with the increase in the tourist
in the UK. The 6 A’s need to be taken into consideration for developing the new destination
so that management of tourists can be effectively done and the tourist would be provided with
facilities and services in the nation. The 6A’s are as follows-
Access-Access to a particular destination and within the destination has been the important
element that needs to be kept in focus so that management of facility for easy access can be
provided to the tourists. Different types of access facility provided to the tourists can be by
air, road, and water so that tourist can have easy access for reaching the destination. The
destination should be made near to the airports so that it would be convenient for the people.
The road facility should be provided at low cost so that it can be accessible and affordable by
the tourists. Special accessibility should be made for the disabled person so that they can visit
the destinations. The signage facility should be made for the people so that they can reach the
specific destination (Lee and Brahmasrene, 2013).
Attractions- Attractions are sites that are built with some natural and specific nature that
attracts the tourist and becomes the focus point of the tourists. There are two types of
attractions present such as man-made attractions and natural built attractions. The man-made
attractions are specially built for attracting a large number of tourists. Temporary types of
attractions are made on the temporary basis that has been created for a certain period of time
and attracts a large number of tourists. Various attractions act as the destination of the nation
such as Eifel tower in Paris, Great Wall of China, Taj Mahal in Agra etc.
Accommodations- it has been the first priority of the tourist in the country for selecting and
developing a particular destination as it plays an effective role in attracting the customers and
providing them satisfaction. The accommodation provides the customers with comfort and
relaxes that has been provided with the hospitality industry. The hospital industry provides
8

the tourist with three major facilities such as food, accommodation, and drink. For example,
Hotels, guest house, youth hostel, farm houses etc.
Activities- Various types of activities take place in the destination to make the tourist
influenced and provide them extreme entertainment. This makes the tourist enjoy at the
destination by the multiple recreational activities such as trekking, camping, sky surfing etc.
the indoor activities such as museums, castle, and galleries attract the customers.
Amenities- Amenities are provided to the people so that they can avail the services, as well
as the comfort and convenience, is provided to the tourists. This is made to meet the needs of
the tourist and make them grab the extra services provided to them. For example, signage,
retail shopping, public toilets etc. (Majava, et. al., 2014).
Ancillary services- Various ancillary services required by the tourists are car insurance, visa
services. Care on hire, luggage etc. for travelling to the desired destination. This needs to be
considered by GSM leisure travel ltd. so that it can effectively develop the destination for
providing the satisfaction to the tourist and make their repetition possible.
9

4. Identification and an outline of the key organisations involved in the ‘Tourism Supply
Chain’ in the private, public and voluntary sector of the U.K. travel and tourism
industry. (LO4)
The management of tourism sector for planning, controlling and implementing the operations
if supply chain so the services provided to the tourists can be made in an effective manner.
The supply chain in the tourism sector makes the reduction of wastage of time and leas to
effective use of resources so that it can make the customers to be provided with the
qualitative services in the tourism sector. This help in providing the facilities like
accommodation, transport, health and safety to the tourist so that they can have pleasure
while travelling and achieve the purpose. Is main aim is to improve the services provided to
the customers in the organisation. This is made with the development of the strategies so that
it can make the contribution to the growth and development of tourism industry and lead to
earn high profits or revenue in the organisations (Lee and Fernando, 2015).
Private sector organisation makes the effective contribution in the generation of profits by
utilisation the resources in an effective manner with the production of quality services to the
customers. in the UK, approximately 10% of the employment is indulged in the tourism
sector and in the services of hospitality that is provided to the tourists. Various organisation
indulged in the tourism supply chain in private sector are Thomas Cook, Holiday Inn, Virgin,
Trains, London Eyes etc. The major objective of these organisations is to earn maximum
profits by having the highest number of tourists in the UK. Thomas cook adopted the strategy
for reducing its cost and make the effective supply of services to the tourists in the UK.
Public sector organisation in the UK makes their efforts for providing quality of services to
the customers or tourist in the UK. The organisation under this sector invents and identifies a
number of strategies for attracting the visitors of the local region. This makes them with the
introduction of numerous activities that help in indulging the people in the employment and
improves the supply chain of the organisation. This main aim is to attract the customer and
provide them with the services that are beneficial for them and improves the working of the
organisation. Various types of organisations indulged under this are a National gallery,
Visitor information centers, Museums etc. They work with the aim of providing education,
information, and services to the customers. This makes them have an effective supply of
10

services to the customers and lead to management of supply chain system (Mangan, et. al.,
2016).
Voluntary sector organisations are a non-profit organisation that is indulged in the
development of heritage and culture of the UK. This makes them have a high number of the
tourist with low cost. The funds are supplied and managed by the tourist and members get
attracted to the attraction and pay the entrance fees. These are mainly in the form of trust and
charity that is made for the welfare of the people. For example, the national trust the sealed
knot etc.
11

Conclusion
The above report elucidates that tourism is an important aspect of the economic and social
development of the society of the UK. The different types of tourism have been explained in
the above report that makes the drastic change in the growth of the people and economic
stability of the country. Different kinds of factors that impact the motivation of the tourist and
their behavior have also been mentioned in the above report. The six elements have also been
taken into consideration for the development of destination so that it can make an increase in
the number of tourist in the country. The analysis on key organisation has also been made
those involved in the supply chain system.
12