The Influence of Gender on Health Attitudes: A Comprehensive Report

This report investigates the influence of gender on attitudes towards health, employing a deductive approach and positivism philosophy. The study utilizes both primary data from surveys and secondary data from journals to analyze the relationship between gender and health-related behaviors. Key findings suggest that there is no significant difference in health attitudes between genders, particularly regarding spending on supplements and lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption. The research explores the factors considered by men and women for ensuring better health, highlighting the changing lifestyles of both genders and the increasing prevalence of habits like smoking and drinking. Statistical analysis, including independent sample t-tests, supports the conclusion that while there are some differences in specific behaviors, overall health attitudes are not significantly impacted by gender. The study also discusses ethical considerations and provides a comprehensive overview of the research methodology and results.

Gender and Attitude towards Health

Abstract
In order to ensure the aspect of effectual maintenance of health knowledge regarding the
same must be required among both males and females. In this, to analyze the impact of gender
on attitude towards health deductive approach and positivism philosophy has been undertaken by
the researcher. By doing investigation, it has been assessed that null hypothesis is true which in
turn shows that there is no significant difference takes place in the mean value of gender and
attitude towards health. Results of independent t test and secondary data findings shows that both
males as well as females do not prefer to spend money on food supplements. Moreover,
individuals assume that supplements like weight grainer etc makes very less contribution in the
health aspect of an individual. In addition to this, late night parties and taking alcohol becomes
the part of people’s lifestyle including both men and women

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background of the study..............................................................................................................1
Research aim and hypothesis.......................................................................................................1
Rationale......................................................................................................................................2
Significance.................................................................................................................................2
METHODS......................................................................................................................................2
Research design...........................................................................................................................2
Approach and philosophy............................................................................................................2
Data collection.............................................................................................................................2
Sampling......................................................................................................................................3
Materials......................................................................................................................................3
Procedure for data analysis..........................................................................................................3
Ethical issues...............................................................................................................................3
RESULTS........................................................................................................................................4
Descriptive statistics of age and gender variable.........................................................................4
Hypothesis: Independent sample T test......................................................................................5
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

Title: To investigate the extent to which gender may influence attitude towards their own
health
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
In the present era, for the prevention of undesirable diseases and maintenance of good
health an individual must have knowledge about physical aspects. From assessment, it has been
identified that women are highly careful and conscious in relation to the health aspect. Further,
women prefer to prepare and serve healthy food to their family members which in turn place
positive impact on health aspect. In the former times, men are careless regarding their health
aspect as compared to women. Moreover, men are usually involved in undesirable practices such
as taking drugs, wine etc. However, now lifestyle of both men and women is changed and
smoking as well as drinking becomes the part of their lifestyle (Tan, Chai & Min, 2017). Thus,
with the desire to build and maintain attractive lifestyle men and women avoid health aspect to a
great extent. In this, report will present the level to which attitude of male and female entities
differ with the regard to health aspect.
Research aim and hypothesis
Aim
The main aim of the present study is to analyze the extent to which gender of individuals
affect their attitude towards the health aspect. By considering such aim following hypotheses
have been framed by the scholar:
Hypothesis
H0: There is no significant difference in the mean value of gender and their attitude towards
health.
H1: There is a significant difference in the mean value of gender and their attitude towards
health.

Rationale
The rationale behind conducting such study is to identify the factors that are considered
by men and women for ensuring better health (Hidalgo-Baz, Martos-Partal & González-Benito,
2017). It is the research issue because high health risk behaviour is shown by men as compared
to women. Further, now males are engaged in the activities such as smoking, drinking, drugs and
reckless driving with high tendency (Gender and Health-related Attitudes: The Role of a
"Macho" Self-concept, 2017). Thus, such researcher study sheds light on the manner in which
health related behaviours are getting affected in accordance with gender.
Significance
From evaluation it has been assessed that attitude in relation to health aspect differs
significantly according to gender. Thus, the present study will provide high level of assistance to
the other scholars in understanding the factors due to which male and female’s concerned
towards health is affected. Hence, by taking into account such aspect it can be said that such
study will assist other researchers in the formulation of suitable hypothesis.
METHODS
Research design
With the motive to assess the impact of gender on individual’s attitude towards health
exploratory research design has been selected by the researcher. Hence, by diagnosing the
problem or issue solution has been presented by the scholar.
Approach and philosophy
In this, quantitative research design has been selected by the scholar with the aim to
determine suitable solution of issue which is going to be investigated. By taking into account
such aspect deductive approach and positivism philosophy has been undertaken by the scholar
for evaluating the association exist between gender and attitude towards health.
Data collection
For conducting study in an appropriate manner data has been gathered by the researcher
from both primary as well as secondary sources. Hence, primary data has been gathered by the
scholar through conducting survey on 59 individuals of local community. Thus, by sending

questionnaire to all such respondents’ data has been gathered. In addition to this, secondary data
evaluation has also been done by the researcher for gaining deeper insight about research topic
(Quinn & et.al., 2017). For this purpose, several journals related to attitude of males and females
in relation to health have been evaluated by the researcher.
Sampling
For conducting survey in the best possible manner sample has been selected by
undertaking probabilistic technique. Hence, by employing simple random sampling techniques
59 individuals of local community has been selected. Thus, by asking questions from such
respondents pertaining to health aspect survey has been conducted by the researcher.
Materials
For collecting suitable information from respondent’s likert scale questionnaire has been
designed by the researcher. In this, categorical variables were used
 Strongly disagree = 1
 Disagree = 2
 Neither Agree or Disagree = 3
 Agree = 4
 Strongly Agree = 5
Further, to measure the internal consistency level Cronbach’s alpha has been used by the
researcher. Thus, by using such measure has been scholar has checked inter rate reliability
and consistency level (Cronbach's Alpha (α) using SPSS Statistics, 2017).
Procedure for data analysis
In order to analyze the quantitative data set SPSS has been used by the researcher.
Hence, descriptive statistics and independent sample T test has been applied for analyzing the
extent to which gender may have influence on their attitude related to health aspect. In this, all
the findings of data analysis have clearly been supported with journals or articles related to it.
Ethical issues
There are several ethical issues which in turn imposes challenges in front of the
researcher. Thus, for enhancing the effectiveness of study researcher has added reference list for
giving credit to author (Eldredge & et.al., 2016). In addition to this, consent form has sent by the

researcher to the respondents for taking part in such study. This aspect shows that after taking
prior permission from respondents researcher has initiated survey.
RESULTS
Descriptive statistics of age and gender variable
Descriptive analysis of age and gender variable is enumerated below:
Age Gender
N
Valid 59 59
Missing 0 0
Mean 30.20 1.46
Std. Error of Mean 1.609 .065
Median 26.00 1.00
Mode 18 1
Std. Deviation 12.359 .502
Variance 152.751 .252
Skewness .986 .175
Std. Error of Skewness .311 .311
Kurtosis -.160 -2.040
Std. Error of Kurtosis .613 .613
Range 43 1
Minimum 18 1

Maximum 61 2
Sum 1782 86
Table 1: Descriptive statistics
Interpretation and analysis: The above depicted table shows that mean age of
respondents who have participated in the study is around 30 years. Further, out of 59
respondents, age of 50% participants is 26 years. In addition to this, most of the individuals took
part in survey are 18 years old. Along with this, table of descriptive statistics present that average
respondents belong from male category. Further, median and mode value is also 1 which shows
that most of the respondents are male rather than females.
Hypothesis: Independent sample T test
Group Statistics
gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Food supplements are a
waste of money
1 32 2.91 .963 .170
2 26 3.38 1.203 .236
Maintaining physical health
requires time I don’t have
1 32 3.81 1.061 .188
2 27 3.07 1.141 .220
I enjoy consuming alcohol
1 32 3.41 1.500 .265
2 27 4.07 1.328 .256
I don’t feel accomplished
when maintaining a healthy
lifestyle
1 32 3.78 1.039 .184
2 27 3.56 1.251 .241
I regularly don’t get enough
sleep
1 32 2.41 1.073 .190
2 27 2.81 1.302 .251

Independent Samples Test
Particulars Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Food
supplements
are a waste of
money
Equal
variances
assumed
2.414 .126 -
1.68356 .098 -.478 .284 -1.048 .091
Equal
variances
not assumed
-
1.64547.434.107 -.478 .291 -1.063 .107
Maintaining
physical
health
requires time
I don’t have
Equal
variances
assumed
1.077 .304 2.57357 .013 .738 .287 .164 1.313
Equal
variances
not assumed
2.55753.763.013 .738 .289 .159 1.317

I enjoy
consuming
alcohol
Equal
variances
assumed
2.004 .162 -
1.79557 .078 -.668 .372 -1.413 .077
Equal
variances
not assumed
-
1.81456.850.075 -.668 .368 -1.405 .070
I don’t feel
accomplished
when
maintaining a
healthy
lifestyle
Equal
variances
assumed
1.642 .205 .757 57 .452 .226 .298 -.371 .822
Equal
variances
not assumed
.745 50.685.459 .226 .303 -.382 .834
I regularly
don’t get
enough sleep
Equal
variances
assumed
3.998 .050 -
1.32157 .192 -.409 .309 -1.028 .211
Equal
variances
not assumed
-
1.30050.455.200 -.409 .314 -1.040 .223
Table 2: Independent Samples Test
Interpretation and analysis: Output generated above through SPSS entails that both men
and women gave their neutral decision that food supplements are considered as wastage of
money. Further, in survey, 32 males presented their views that they don’t have enough time for
spending in the maintenance of physical health. On the other side, 27 females said that they
neutrally agreed with the aspect that due to not having enough time effectual time it is not
possible for them to maintain physical health. Further, males neither agreed nor disagreed with
the aspect that they enjoy and prefer to take alcohol. On the other side, out of 59, 27 women said
that they agreed with the statement that enjoyment aspect and use of alcohol is highly associated

with each other (Lo, King & Mackenzie, 2017). Along with this, mean value such as 3.78 & 3.6
shows that both males and females do not accomplished when they maintain healthy lifestyle.
In addition to this, results of group statistics show that females agreed and males gave
their neutral decision that they do not have enough time for sleeping. Besides this, by applying
the tool of independent sample t test it has been found that significant difference takes place in
the mean value of gender and lack of having time for the maintenance of physical health
(Bidmon &Terlutter, 2015). In such case, level of significance is .01 respectively which is below
the standard criterion such as 0.05. Only in such case alternative hypothesis has been accepted
and other one is rejected. However, in other situations such as spending on food supplements,
consumption of alcohol, feeling not better while following healthy lifestyle and lack of time to
sleep significance level is greater than 0.05 (Mann, De Ridder & Fujita, 2013). Thus, it can be
presented from overall evaluation that alternative hypothesis (H1) is rejected. On the basis of
such aspect it can be depicted that there is no significant difference takes place in gender and
their attitude in regards to health.
DISCUSSION
By considering the results of independent t test and secondary data findings it can be said
that both males as well as females do not prefer to spend money on food supplements. Moreover,
individuals assume that supplements like weight grainer etc makes very less contribution in the
health aspect of an individual. In addition to this, late night parties and taking alcohol becomes
the part of people’s lifestyle including both men and women (Pietromonaco, Uchino &
DunkelSchetter, 2013). This aspect supports the aspect that men and women enjoy to take
alcohol. Further, now adults and youngsters prefer to visit puffs and bars more frequently. In
addition to this, young people also like to take fast foods, soft drinks etc as compared to healthy
food. By taking into account such aspect it can be stated that males and females do not feel better
when following healthy life style (Brannon, Feist & Updegraff, 2013). Besides this, now both
men and women are active on social sites and spend huge amount of time on it. It is one of the
main reasons due to which entities are not getting enough sleep. Thus, it can be depicted from
overall evaluation that males and females both have careless attitude in regards to health.

CONCLUSION
By summing up this report, it has been concluded that concern of males and females
towards health do not differ to the significant level. It can be seen in the report that null
hypothesis is accepted which in turn shows that attitude towards the health do not vary as per the
gender. Moreover, now males and females both prefer to take wine and smoke which in turn
places negative impact on their health. Along with this, it has been articulated that due to the
increasing use of social media and rise in the aspect working women females also do not have
enough time for sleeping. Thus, it can be presented that there is no gender differences take place
pertaining to attitude towards health.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bidmon, S. & Terlutter, R., (2015). Gender differences in searching for health information on the
internet and the virtual patient-physician relationship in Germany: exploratory results on
how men and women differ and why. Journal of medical Internet research. 17(6).
Brannon, L., Feist, J. & Updegraff, J. A., (2013). Health psychology: An introduction to behavior
and health. Cengage Learning.
Eldredge, L. K. B. & et.al., (2016). Planning health promotion programs: an intervention
mapping approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Hidalgo-Baz, M., Martos-Partal, M. & González-Benito, Ó., (2017). Attitudes vs. purchase
behaviors as experienced dissonance: The roles of knowledge and consumer orientations in
organic market. Frontiers in psychology. 8.
Lo, A., King, B. & Mackenzie, M., (2017). Restaurant Customers’ Attitude toward Sustainability
and Nutritional Menu Labels. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management. pp.1-22.
Mann, T., De Ridder, D. & Fujita, K., (2013). Self-regulation of health behavior: social
psychological approaches to goal setting and goal striving. Health Psychology. 32(5). p.487.
Pietromonaco, P. R., Uchino, B. & DunkelSchetter, C., (2013). Close relationship processes and
health: implications of attachment theory for health and disease. Health Psychology. 32(5).
p.499.
Quinn, S.C. & et.al., (2017). Exploring racial influences on flu vaccine attitudes and behavior:
Results of a national survey of White and African American adults. Vaccine. 35(8).
pp.1167-1174.
Tan, B. C., Chai, L. T. & Min, P. S., (2017). Attitude Towards Eating “Green”: Do Consumer
Consciousness, Healthy Lifestyle, and Value Orientation Matter?. In 5th International
Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship ICIE 2017. p.153.

Online
Cronbach's Alpha (α) using SPSS Statistics. 2017. [Online]. Available through: <
https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/cronbachs-alpha-using-spss-statistics.php>.
[Accessed on 4th July 2017].
Gender and Health-related Attitudes: The Role of a "Macho" Self-concept. 2017. [Online].
Available through: <https://www.psychologie.uni-heidelberg.de/ae/diff/gender/pdf-files/
sieverding_2002.pdf>. [Accessed on 4th July 2017].