QAB020X601S Business Ethics and Responsibility: Gender Pay Gap Report

This report delves into the ethical quandary of the gender pay gap, using Tesco as a case study. It explores the impact of the pay gap on various stakeholders, including suppliers, the government, customers, employees, and senior executives. The report identifies both good and bad ethical practices within the company and provides recommendations to address the issue. Furthermore, it examines relevant ethical theories, such as teleological and deontological approaches, and applies them to the case. The analysis extends to ethical leadership, discussing how philosophical leadership can be implemented and how individual ethics, unity, and conformity contribute to ethical leadership within a company. The report also touches upon personal experiences in ethical leadership and concludes with insights into navigating unethical leadership situations.

Ethics Responsibility

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1 (A)......................................................................................................................................1
1.1A Introduction and Description of ethical quandary..............................................................1
1.2A Institution is influenced by the society with these problems.............................................2
1.3A Stakeholders impacted by the problems.............................................................................3
1.4A Good and bad ethical practices...........................................................................................4
1.5A Recommendations..............................................................................................................4
PART 2 (B)......................................................................................................................................5
1.1B Description of ethical theories............................................................................................5
1.2B Application of theories.......................................................................................................5
1.3B Critically analyse the chosen hypothesis............................................................................7
1.4B Recommendation................................................................................................................7
PART 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Ethical leading direction.......................................................................................................7
2.2 Indicate about how philosophy leadership direction can be put in pattern in the wrong
business concern environment....................................................................................................8
2.3 How individual ethics, unity and conformity assist to pattern ethical leadership direction at
the company................................................................................................................................8
2.4 Personal employed experience at your organisation as an ethical leadership manager........8
2.5 Determination of Philosophy Leadership Direction in an UN-Ethical Leadership situation9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Business ethics is helpful in terms of effectively operating and conducting business to
undertake the significant policies and practices for every business has the requirement to have
proper ethics that are useful in terms of achieving prominent goals and objectives in an effective
manner. Along with this, ethics tends to include effective knowledge and understanding
regarding what is right and wrong in terms of dealing with the difficult situation. Business ethics
also tends to influence the decision making that is interlinked with the company (Kolk, 2016).
Along with this, the assignment is supported on the case study of gender pay gap that depicts the
deviation among the pay of female and male who work in company. The divergence is supported
on several factors like discrimination that is based on the gender, status, employed hours and
education. Moreover, the report is based on Tesco which is a supermarket shop headquarter in
England, UK and deals in groceries and home ware. Assignment tends to cover the explanation
regarding the right quandary and also undertake the impact of company on the society with their
issues. Furthermore, it also tends to choose five stakeholders that are impacted by the significant
issues. Moreover, it also undertake who significant theories in terms of describing the problems
and give prominent recommendations. Lastly, it indicates the right leading management.
PART 1 (A)
1.1A Introduction and Description of ethical quandary
It depicts the various issues that tends to impact the society and stakeholders that affect
from all these issues. Furthermore, it also represent the bad and good ethical practice that should
be learned from it and also offer prominent recommendations which can become the safeguard
for the stakeholders for future in terms of neglecting various issues (Ferrell and et. al., 2019).
Moreover, at the time of undertaking the ethical quandary that is delineated by the senior
manager of Tesco regarding the gender pay gap and poor rating for the female employees that
are analysed for the favouritism and differences for their pay. Moreover, it is analysed by senior
manager to take out the attending regarding the dilemma for the wrong practices. By the
authoritative gender pay report of Tesco, it is identified that hourly reward pay for women is
about 92p for every £1 that men earn which include about 8% lower than men.
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Illustration 1: Gender pay gap report
(Source: Gender pay gap report, 2018)
Moreover, while undertaking the bonus pay gap in the company, it is identified that from
the survey that women get around 70p for every £1 which represent that around 30% lower than
men's. Besides from this, dimension of females in each and every pay quarter as women acquire
approximately 39.9% of the highest paid jobs and 67.1% of the lowest paid jobs.
1.2A Institution is influenced by the society with these problems
By undertaking the discussed dilemma, several issues tends to influence the image of an
organisation and also impacts the society. This case leads to undertake the ethical question in
regard of society and company. With the help of the discrimination among the pay role between
women and men leads to influence several factors of company like the performance of
employees, image of company, productivity of an organisation and so on in front of society
(Reinecke, Arnold and Palazzo, 2016). Moreover, three factors also tends to describe the
significant survey of an organisation which consider the hourly wage pay, proportion of women
and bonus pay.
Moreover, the difference among hourly wage pay between men and women tends to
influence their performance level and productivity and also tends to develop the feeling of job
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insecurity. In regard of this, despite from encouragement, wage also plays an important role in
terms of enhancing the public presentation of worker and also consider fair pay and incentives.
Therefore, the ethical problems of Tesco, pay less reward to their female workers instead of male
workers that tends to negatively impact the productivity and performance of employees.
After undertaking the bonus pay gap leads to represent that women get around 30p which
is less that £1 in comparison to men that leads to influence their extra work and overall
performance and also tends to give hike to male employees. Less pay rates for bonus happen by
undertaking the several key points like women start their job at very low wage that tends to
influence their incentive charge and females in the commercial enterprise and real estate
commercial enterprise make around 21% less than men in bonus (Quarshie, Salmi and
Leuschner, 2016). Apart from this, the prominent differences tends to influence their inspiration
and morale level and then become a inquiry in front of social group that impact the
representation.
1.3A Stakeholders impacted by the problems
Suppliers: By analysing the gender pay gap study of Tesco, the ethical problems leads to
influence the providers as there is little deviation between the providers and customers. In regard
of suppliers, they does not have need to deal with that organisation that has poor image and
reputation in market and due to some ethical problems the reputation of institution gets highly
impacted (Schuler and et. al., 2017).
Government: Considering this factor, government tends to influence the overall
performance due to the transaction and demand of raw substantial that relies on authorities. Due
to the unstable regime, significant trade norms get much influenced. In regard of company, it
relatively impact the government and other tax policies.
Customers: By the gender pay gap study of Tesco, it tends to represent that the ethical
problems leads to influence the customers and their terms with an organisation that represent that
it put negative impact on the mindset of customers and also tends to influence their buying
power. Due to this, the revenues and sales gets impacted that tends to decrease the image of
company.
Line level employees: In terms of this, the line steady workers with the unethical pattern
of Tesco, tends to influence the overall productivity and performance of employees.
Furthermore, it also leads to develop job security between them.
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Senior executives: These executives tends to acknowledge the role in terms of shaping
and designing the ethics of organisation and also represent that due to some unethical practices
of Tesco, that influences the reputation of senior executives.
1.4A Good and bad ethical practices
Good ethics: It undertake the several factors that are helpful in enhancing the overall
performance of workers and also motivate fair treatment in company. Moreover, it does not
happen within the company but in relation with Uber, they treat their employees at equal level
and treat fairly which is useful in boosting the morale and enhances the performance of
employees.
Bad ethics: It leads to consider any sort of example in which an organisation tends to
ignore the interest of their employees. In relation with Tesco, it leads to impact the working style
and overall performance of female workers and also tends to bring down their encouragement
level (Crane and et. al., 2019). For example, the emission scandal of Volkswagen in 2015 leads
to put negative impact on the mindset of workers and due to this, organisation face high
employee turnover.
1.5A Recommendations
Because of unethical practices that occur in Tesco, several suggestions are provided to
them that are discussed as under:
 In terms of neglecting the gender difference in company, women and men should apply
for the advertisement in proportions that tends to match the composition of significant
grades.
 In regard of senior executives they are important in terms of reducing the gender pay gap
by offering and treating them equally.
 Moreover, women leads to get into an administration at the junior level and if they are
less likely to be employed when they utilize to link for the company at the high level then
it tends to influence the gender pay difference and because of this, organisation need to
undertake each and every female candidate in an organisation.
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PART 2 (B)
1.1B Description of ethical theories
This aspect refers to the prominent combination of norms, beliefs, values and so on that is
helpful for individuals in terms of making better decisions among right and wrong. This concept
of ethics plays an important role for every person as it help them in terms of enhancing their
personality and attributes which is more impressive and attractive. Similarly, it also undertake as
the important element for company as it tends to achieve prominent organisational objective in
an effective way. For this, various theories are concerned to ethics that leads to guide for the
development to place and its brand in competitive way (Bansal and Song, 2017). In regard of
this, the issue that has been considered for the gender pay gap tends to show partiality in order to
offer significant rewards on the grounds of gender. For this, some of the theory that has been
identified in terms of eliminating the ethical problem for gender pay gap that are mentioned as
under:
Teleological ethical theories: This factor is related with the concept that represent every
individual action that has huge influence over employees and their behaviour. This theory has
been categorized into philosophy egoism, eudalmonism and utilitarianism as apiece of them are
different from each other.
Deontological ethical theories: According to this theory, it put emphasis on the effective
development for developing relationship among the morality of human actions. Besides from
this, it give less focus on the significant result and also signifies every individual that is featured
by their actions which is quite right. Furthermore, it undertake two significant forms including
antagonistic and positive explanation, social declaration and social justice.
1.2B Application of theories
According to this report, gender pay gap is undertaken as one of the prominent issue for
every type of company and it is linked with the significant problems which depicts the
discrimination among male and female in terms of paying remuneration and payment. Because
of these issues, it tends to generate various issues such as dispute, conflicts, ambiguities and so
on (de Bakker, Rasche and Ponte, 2019). In terms of tackling to the gender pay gap from an
organisation and also tends to apply some theories that are identified in terms of offering proper
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guidance and direction to the managers to maintain the effective culture in the company. For this,
few theories are mentioned as under:
Teleological Ethical theories Ethical Egoism: This concept depicts the significant actions and activity for an
individual in regard of good factors as when it act as the result in enhancing the self
interest of other individual. In regard of the problem for the gender pay gap, execution of
prominent factor tends to take prominent effort in terms of offering fair reward on the
grounds of their potential not on the basis of gender (Rendtorff, 2019). It happens at it
tends to explain the offerings regarding the personnel of other individuals for the
enhanced self interest that is helpful for the managers in order to achieve high level of
employee engagement within the business activities. Utilitarianism: For this, it tends to highlight the prominent actions that are known for the
its good and also offer prominent result for the motivation and high level of satisfaction
of employees. In terms of gender pay gap, effective execution of this concept tends to
help for identifying the ability of each worker and then assign work to them as per their
position (Bini, Bellucci and Giunta, 2018). Furthermore, in terms of retaining employees
for the longer period of time utilitarianism tends to empower company in terms of
offering significant amount of compensation which is helpful for them in order to offer
them prominent help which is useful in increasing the level of employees for the
employee satisfaction considering the working culture. Eudaimonism: As per this, several activities are defined for effectively accomplishing
the desired goals and objectives that is welfare for the human being. In regard of gender
pay gap, it tends to encourage employees for taking best and effective decisions for
concept of payment and salary and also tends to offer preferences for equal opportunities
to both men and women. For this, it is helpful for the manager in terms of enriching the
working environment that has prominent control over the negative politics of company.
Deontological Ethical theories
 Negative and positive right theories: In terms of antagonistic right theory, it represent the
prominent activity which depicts the right to prevent an individual from harm for the
intervention from various people and government at the time of performing prominent
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activity. For gender pay gap, if employees go through with prominent issue of
favouritism then they have right to take prominent action.
1.3B Critically analyse the chosen hypothesis
According to the previous discussed theories, it is evaluated that in regard of this,
intensify the productivity of company, it is important for the manager to take prominent decision
for the procedure of fair reward system within the functional unit (Arnold, Beauchamp and
Bowie, 2019). Due to this, it tends to invite employees towards their business activities and also
offer equal opportunities. It is helpful in terms of improving the sales volume and also tends to
acquire effective contribution of employees towards the achievement of goals and objectives.
1.4B Recommendation
Various ways by which company can overcome for the gender pay gap is discussed as:
 The prominent step for the effective development tends to acquire that they need to opt
prominent communication procedure as it helps in enabling them for effective control for
the occurrence of misunderstanding and so on.
 For this, organisation should treat both male and female staff equally and also offer them
equal growth and opportunities undertaking various areas like, motivation, promotion,
pay and so on. It also tends to empower each person in terms of gaining healthy relations
for the working culture of company.
PART 2
2.1 Ethical leading direction
Business environment is dynamic and here every individual need to work more
efficiently to bring desired outcome. For this, human resources are undertaken as the important
tool in terms of achieving success and also managed through leaders and managers. Leadership
is useful in terms of becoming more successful as it leads to get prominent motivation and also
influence power which is possess by leaders (Kolk, 2016). For this, ethical leadership
management is useful in holding each and every employee in the company and also tends to take
decisions in terms of keeping benefits for company. As for me, I am working for the business
arrangement principles of philosophy activity requirements that should be followed. As these
principles are considered as the service, gathering, justice and integrity for the core business
ethics.
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2.2 Indicate about how philosophy leadership direction can be put in pattern in the wrong
business concern environment
Unethical enterprise environment offering injustice to workers who work for the
company at both functional and operational level. Moreover, working as a leader is more
unethical in terms of executing the ethical pattern at the first place as I need to find significant
problems that made unethical environment to grow. At the starting step where ethical motive are
not followed towards the organizational artefact tends to accession to realize to complete scene.
Issues also tends to identify some polices from the top to lower level management that tends to
execute for the proper support support for ethical practices (Painter-Morland and et. al., 2016).
Hence, training programs and motivation sessions offer essentials for ethics can de developed.
Moreover, employees also encourage for effective work ethically and for unethical activities that
act as the seen and should be reported. Therefore, all of these practices induces employees for the
effective operations in business organisation in terms of supporting ethical practices and also
tends to adapt ethical practices in unethical business.
2.3 How individual ethics, unity and conformity assist to pattern ethical leadership direction at
the company
Commencement of ethical pattern takes place when the individual quality is accessible
between the leaders in terms of working for no ethics as what ever the situation is. So, at the
position of leader I am alert for all the ethics and working conditions for business due to my
quality of being honest and have prominent help to bring ethical practices. All the followers also
tends to influence by their personal qualities and also motivate towards the ethics in terms of
working in business environment (Cumming, Hou and Lee, 2016). Moreover, it is quite complex
to opt qualities that are required in terms of behaving ethically and also for personal quality to
become honest and also help in terms of opting ethical practices at the time of performing several
actions at the leadership and managerial post.
2.4 Personal employed experience at your organisation as an ethical leadership manager
As I was employed for one of the leading company named Tesco which is a retail
company and in this, I seen various unethical practices that are made for effective operations for
business activities. Along with this, gender preferences for the specific job for various pay scale
on the same position on the grounds of gender. Furthermore, the unethical behaviour of
administration tends to dissatisfy workers. Furthermore, I become a leader of company in terms
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of trying to develop some ethical practices to survive in complex management which is not much
ready to make significant changes. Furthermore, dealing with human resources, I need to record
prominent problems and on the basis of various issues as the plan to design to introduce ethical
practices. It tends to generate for the productive outcome and long run management that support
the initiative to survive for long time.
2.5 Determination of Philosophy Leadership Direction in an UN-Ethical Leadership situation
Ethical leadership management is precede for the unethical business situation and then all
the pattern that tends to give injustice for the preferential support to an individual (Leone and
Belingheri, 2017). Moreover, the unethical situation determination are supported on the influence
and honesty that is not supported. Furthermore, as a leader I need to record alteration that will
take place in company for the ethical practices that are recorded for measurable terms in terms of
leading to enhance the level of job for the satisfaction of employees. Moreover, it is tough
process which is beneficial and also tends to enjoy thorough ethical practices which is possible in
terms of accomplishing for ethical leadership management in company.
CONCLUSION
By undertaking the preceding discussion, it is identified that business ethics is the base
that is helpful for the managers in terms of achieving success within the competitive business
market. Moreover, business ethics eventually tends to undertake the ethical dilemma and
executives of company take prominent decisions in terms of maintaining ethical practices in the
company. Moreover, society also tends to influence through various activities that should be
perform in an organisation. The procedure of introducing ethical behaviour and its practices of
several theories is useful as the desired outcome. Ethical leadership management is helpful in
order to introduce the ethical practices at each and every level of company in an effective way.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Arnold, D.G., Beauchamp, T.L. and Bowie, N.E., 2019. Ethical theory and business. Cambridge
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sustainability from corporate responsibility. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1),
pp.105-149.
Bini, L., Bellucci, M. and Giunta, F., 2018. Integrating sustainability in business model
disclosure: Evidence from the UK mining industry. Journal of cleaner production, 171,
pp.1161-1170.
Crane, A and et. al., 2019. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in
the age of globalization. Oxford University Press, USA.
Cumming, D., Hou, W. and Lee, E., 2016. Business ethics and finance in greater China:
Synthesis and future directions in sustainability, CSR, and fraud. Journal of Business
Ethics, 138(4), pp.601-626.
de Bakker, F.G., Rasche, A. and Ponte, S., 2019. Multi-stakeholder initiatives on sustainability:
A cross-disciplinary review and research agenda for business ethics. Business Ethics
Quarterly, 29(3), pp.343-383.
Ferrell, O.C and et. al., 2019. Business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and brand
attitudes: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Research, 95, pp.491-501.
Kolk, A., 2016. The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the
environment to CSR and sustainable development. Journal of World Business, 51(1),
pp.23-34.
Kolk, A., 2016. The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the
environment to CSR and sustainable development. Journal of World Business, 51(1),
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Leone, M.I. and Belingheri, P., 2017. The relevance of Innovation for Ethics, Responsibility and
Sustainability.
Painter-Morland, M and et. al., 2016. Beyond the curriculum: Integrating sustainability into
business schools. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(4), pp.737-754.
Quarshie, A.M., Salmi, A. and Leuschner, R., 2016. Sustainability and corporate social
responsibility in supply chains: The state of research in supply chain management and
business ethics journals. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 22(2), pp.82-
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Reinecke, J., Arnold, D.G. and Palazzo, G., 2016. Qualitative methods in business ethics,
corporate responsibility, and sustainability research. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(4),
pp.xiii-xxii.
Rendtorff, J.D., 2019. Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, and Stakeholder
Management. Philosophy of Management and Sustainability: Rethinking Business
Ethics and Social Responsibility in Sustainable Development, pp.43-52.
Schuler, D and et. al., 2017. Guest editors’ introduction: corporate sustainability management
and environmental ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 27(2), pp.213-237.
Online
Gender pay gap report. 2018. [Online] Available through <https://gender-pay-
gap.service.gov.uk/Employer/uuJ7hnge/2018>./
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