247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) - Source Integration: Gene Editing & Health

This assignment, completed by a student, is an annotated bibliography focusing on the application of gene editing techniques within the context of cardiovascular health. It comprises four credible sources: two peer-reviewed journal articles, a webpage from the Royal Society Te Apārangi, and one additional credible source. Each source undergoes a detailed analysis including APA citation, search methodology, evaluation of quality and relevance, and a connection to the broader research agenda. The assignment explores the potential of gene editing in treating cardiovascular diseases, addressing ethical considerations, technical challenges, and the integration of genetic engineering with tissue engineering to improve patient outcomes. It also analyzes different perspectives on the implications of gene editing within healthcare, considering both medical and ethical dimensions.

Running Head: GENE EDITING IN CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 1
Gene Editing in Cardiovascular Health
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) – 28%
Source Integration - Due Sunday 25August
Name: (double-click to enter your name and ID)
Student ID#:
Source 1: First Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
1. Write a complete References section citation for this source in APA format.
German, D.M., Mitalipov, S., Mishra, A. and Kaul, S., 2019. Therapeutic Genome Editing in
Cardiovascular Diseases. JACC: Basic to Translational Science, 4(1), pp.122-131.
2. Note, show, or illustrate the search techniques and tools you used to find this source and
explain why you conducted your search in this way. (Max. 75 words)
I have conducted the research following the basic search strategy selecting the basic
techniques and tools while looking for this journal article to be included in the study for further
work. For a start, i have selected the database Google Scholar to look for a journal article within
the range of last five years as i believe it can work as a valid and reliable information forming
search direction. I have to use the keywords "Genes, editing, cardiovascular, diseases" while
selecting this article for the annotated bibliography.
3. Evaluate the quality and discuss the relevance of this source. (250-350words)
The study has been taken into consideration for the research because it involves a
variety of information discussing genetic cardiovascular diseases curable using gene-editing
techniques. With germline genome editing and correction, doctors can remove monogenic
cardiovascular disorder with subsequent generation of the affected families. The research
clearly determines hat; this technique is feasible and can be implemented for the future
generation without any harm. However, there are always ethical concerns creating
controversies. Therefore, it is important to discuss these pointers further while discussing
several technical challenges, though it has not yet past animal-based models, with somatic
genome editing, healthcare professionals can permanently avoid the ethical concerns
associated with germline editing allowing the treatment option.
It has also discussed the challenges associated with gene editing, including the
challenges faced by a healthcare professional because of communication gap understanding
the actual issue. The study state that CRISPR does not work with the cardiovascular disease
having a low rate of homology directing the repair. Furthermore, the off-target effects have
remained a concern for healthcare facilities following small animal-based studies requiring
therapies mentioned throughout the review with small clinical traits in future. It can be said
that the latest development is followed with gene editing techniques adopting different
approaches. Though these techniques take a lot of time, they are technically challenging and
are found inefficient in many cases. It allows the production of double-stranded DNA to break
down into precise pieces allowing the production to follow user-directed location within the
genomes.
4. First, offer a direct quotation of 1-2 sentences from this source that have a relevant
connection to a specific RSNZ scenario or consideration from a scenario (e.g., medical,
legal, or ethical) concerning the A3 technical report. Next, in one sentence paraphrase
that quotation (including an APA in-text citation to the source). Finally, explain the
connection from this source to your planned A3 scenario or consideration.
4a. [In theory, genome editing techniques can be applied to both developing embryos and
intact mature organisms to either produce loss-of-function in a gene with deleterious
downstream effects (knockout) or to restore function to a mutated gene (knock in)]
4b. [The theoretical perspective in gene editing, the technique can be applied for developing
embryos which keep the mature organism intact to production loss of function with deleterious
downstream effects restoring the function to gene mutation (German, Mitalipov, Mishra, and

247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) – 28%
Source Integration - Due Sunday 25August
Name: (double-click to enter your name and ID)
Student ID#:
Kaul, 2019).]
4c. [The search is associated with the nature of the selected topic, it is found that gene
editing techniques are followed with different strategies with germline genome editing
having the process of transformation embryonic cell DNA to accomplish ex vivo using
direct co-injection of gRNA allowing successful process affecting all subsequent
generation. The study is found successful because it allow the doctors to support
monogenic diseases ineffective to therapies overcoming cardiovascular medicine under
clinical application of the process.]

247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) – 28%
Source Integration - Due Sunday 25August
Name: (double-click to enter your name and ID)
Student ID#:
Source 2: Second Peer-reviewed journal article
1. Write a complete References section citation for this source in APA format.
(This citation is not included as part of assignment word counts.).
Yanamandala, M., Zhu, W., Garry, D. J., Kamp, T. J., Hare, J. M., Jun, H. W., ... & Bolli, R.
(2017). Overcoming the roadblocks to cardiac cell therapy using tissue engineering.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(6), 766-775.
.
2. Note, show, or illustrate the search techniques and tools you used to find this source and
explain why you conducted your search in this way. (Max. 75 words)
While selecting this journal article, i have selected PubMed as my preferred database to
support my research. Previously, i have taken a look at other journal articles from database such
as Google Scholar, and others, however, i believe that when a researcher is required to select
two journal articles, two different databases can support the study in collecting perspective, for
this article, I have selected the keywords "heart failure, myocardium, stem cell and gene editing"
to look for a relevant article for the study.
3. Evaluate the quality and discuss the relevance of this source. (250-350words)

247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) – 28%
Source Integration - Due Sunday 25August
Name: (double-click to enter your name and ID)
Student ID#:
The study has been taken into consideration for the research process because
transplantation has followed with the different technique with stem cell improving cardiac
performance using an animal model of myocardial injury. However, the method has insufficient
results and inconsistent success rate. The study has identified clear challenges including poor
engraftment of implant cells (human cardiomyocytes), immature functionality of the body, and
lacking electrical integration leading to the contribution of contractile activities which increase
risk link with arrhythmogenic hazards. Therefore, development in tissues and genetic
engineering is a preferred technique for the improvement of patient’s option coping from
cardiovascular diseases. The survival options become high for patients with the integration of
genetic engineering options to transplant cells and supporting structural, functional, and
bioenergetic ways of heart recipients. It also includes the application of prefabricated cardiac
tissue patching, preventing dilation from improving the efficiency of the infarcted heart offer a
promising strategy for healthcare professionals making a clinical reality with stem cell therapy.
4. First, offer a direct quotation of 1-2 sentences from this source that have a relevant
connection to a specific RSNZ scenario or consideration from a scenario (e.g., medical,
legal, or ethical) concerning the A3 technical report. Next, in one sentence paraphrase
that quotation (including an APA in-text citation to the source). Finally, explain the
connection from this source to your planned A3 scenario orconsideration.
4a. [Advances in tissue and genetic engineering techniques are expected to improve the
survival and integration of transplanted cells, and to support structural, functional, and
bioenergetic recovery of the recipient hearts.]
4b. [The study is focused on adopting techniques with strategies and genetic engineering
techniques requiring to improve for the survival and integration of transplanted cells
supporting structural, functional, and bioenergetic recovery of heart patients (Yanamandala, at
al 2017).]
4c. [The study is related to the subject because the transplantations of different
foundational microorganisms or their descendants have more than once improved
cardiovascular execution in creature models of myocardial damage; nevertheless, the
advantages saw in clinical preliminaries have been commonly less steady. A portion of the
perceived difficulties are poor engraftment of embedded cells and, on account of human
cardiomyocytes, practical youthfulness, and absence of electrical coordination, prompting
restricted commitment to the heart's contractile movement and expanded arrhythmogenic
dangers]

247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) – 28%
Source Integration - Due Sunday 25August
Name: (double-click to enter your name and ID)
Student ID#:
Source 3: Web page (open web, not behind research databaseorpaywall)
1. Write a complete References section citation for this source in APA format.
(This citation is not included as part of assignment word count.)
Royal Society Te Apārangi Gene Editing Panel (2017). Gene Editing in a Healthcare Context.
2. Note, show, or illustrate the search techniques and tools you used to find this source and
explain why you conducted your search in this way. (Max. 75 words)
While selecting this journal article, i have selected pubMed as my preferred database to
support my research. Previously, i have taken a look at other journal articles from database such
as Google Scholar, and others, however, i believe that when a researcher is required to select
two journal article, two different database can support the study in collecting perspective, for
this article, I have selected the keywords "Gene, Healthcare, nursing professional" to look for a
relevant article for the study.
3. Evaluate the quality and discuss the relevance of this source. (250-350words)
The study is selected for its quality and relevant to the main theme of the study and
information utilized formulating perspective. According to the revolutionary gene-editing
technique within the research associated with New Zealand is followed with increasing
awareness about the scientific possibilities of the situation having public issues based on new-
gene technology while supporting decade on this subject. In addition, the paper has been
selected within the research; the provided information in the article is followed with policy
making addressing the need to clarify the situation associated with nursing practices in
healthcare following scientific use of gene-editing techniques. Research shows the
possibilities by treating people (especially with chronic diseases) from human tissues among
individual by altering the genes based on their subsequent generation treating embryos and
gametes using IVF. However, the research is important because it has included the assessment
and approval of techniques while qualifying new medicines under the Medicines and HSNO
Acts using the procedures defined under the Medicine Act 1981. The study clearly indicates
ethical consideration following psychological enhancement of human phenotypes reducing the
disease states avoiding the development of merges improving the capabilities and
functionality in improving the person's state of mind. The study is important because it will
include the research to support the changes within gene development merging it with different
traits conferring the desirable phenotypic traits. It has also included ethical debates using gene
editing following somatic genetic context in the past.
4. First, offer a direct quotation of 1-2 sentences from this source that have a relevant
connection to a specific RSNZ scenario or consideration from a scenario (e.g., medical,
legal, or ethical) concerning the A3 technical report. Next, in one sentence paraphrase
that quotation (including an APA in-text citation to the source). Finally, explain the
connection from this source to your planned A3 scenario or consideration.
4a. [While gene editing can, in principle, be directed to any genomic location to produce a
wide range of alterations, it is difficult to predict the resulting effects. When reverting a
disease associated mutated gene back to the non-disease associated gene, you expect that the
edited gene will exhibit unimpaired function, indistinguishable from naturally occurring
genes.]
4b. [The study has been taken into consideration because it has included gene editing under
genomic location providing various alternation in genes. However, the results are quite
unpredictable exhibiting unimpaired function, indistinguishable from the naturally occurring

247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) – 28%
Source Integration - Due Sunday 25August
Name: (double-click to enter your name and ID)
Student ID#:
genes (Royal Society Te Apārangi Gene Editing Panel 2017).]
4c. [The study has taken into consideration following the proposed enhancement using
unimpaired functions conferring new techniques undesirable properties having a level of
confidence to be restored under functional state. However, the biological effects of genetic
editing is still uncertain, therefore, it will be beneficial for the researcher to take into
consideration substantial evidence to suggest the population of cells in different genotypes
using the editing of genes especially for medicine reasons treating chronic diseases without
any fail. ]

247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) – 28%
Source Integration - Due Sunday 25August
Name: (double-click to enter your name and ID)
Student ID#:
Source 4: [State the type of another
credible source here]
1. Write a complete References section citation for this source in APA format.
(This citation is not included as part of assignment word count.)
RoyalSociety.org.nz. (2015). The use of gene editing in healthcare.
2. Note, show, or illustrate the search techniques and tools you used to find this source and
explain why you conducted your search in this way. (Max. 75 words)
I have conducted the research following the basic search strategy selecting the basic
techniques and tools while looking for this journal article to be included in the study for further
work. For a start, i have selected the database Google Scholar to look for a journal article
within the range of last five years as i believe it can work as a validate and reliable information
forming search direction. I have use the keywords "gene, editing, healthcare, utilization, and
healthcare" while selecting this article for the annotated bibliography
3. Evaluate the quality and discuss the relevance of this source. (250-350words)
The study is found of quality and relevancy with this subjective source because it has
discussed the revolution of gene techniques required to be changed according to genetic
material having the potential to support change in healthcare, agriculture, and conservation of
resources. it is found that the technology utilized within the research is followed with gene
editing moving ahead with the consensus of how the healthcare staff can utilize the technology
in supporting change. According to the Royal Society and its role in New Zealand's healthcare
sector, it has become important for the nursing staff and healthcare stakeholders supporting
multidisciplinary panel considering social, cultural, legal, and economic implications of gene
editing following Maori perspective within cultural context studies the thought, ideas, and
questions considering the technology utilized within the study. It has considered gene editing
in healthcare sector of New Zealand following the solution with clinical outcomes while
treating diseases enhancing patient's functionality and changes so that it could not be passed
on to future generation. These diseases include sickle cell anemia, breast and ovarian cancer,
cardiovascular diseases, and improving athletic performance. The study has taken into
consideration because it has included a number of case studies forming perspective and
studying the nature of this subjective forming point of view using secondary data research
which is the reason that this study has taken into consideration.
4. First, offer a direct quotation of 1-2 sentences from this source that have a relevant
connection to a specific RSNZ scenario or consideration from a scenario (e.g., medical,
legal, or ethical) concerning the A3 technical report. Next, in one sentence paraphrase
that quotation (including an APA in-text citation to the source). Finally, explain the
connection from this source to your planned A3 scenario or consideration.

247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) – 28%
Source Integration - Due Sunday 25August
Name: (double-click to enter your name and ID)
Student ID#:
4a. [Gene editing of tissues is limited largely by the ability to deliver the gene editing
apparatus to the tissue cells and the efficiency of the gene editing itself.]
4b. [The study has followed with gene editing of human tissues having the ability to support
diseases having the efficiency of gene editing (RoyalSociety.org.nz, 2015).]
4c. [The research is followed with secondary data collection discussing the concept of gene
editing and its role in medicine supporting the individuals living a normal life. In addition,
it has been considered by this study because it will further strengthen my knowledge with
the purpose and outcomes of gene editing in both positive and negative impact. ]

247.155 Assignment 2 (A2) – 28%
Source Integration - Due Sunday 25August
Name: (double-click to enter your name and ID)
Student ID#:
Bibliography
Gupta, R.M., Hadaya, J., Trehan, A., Zekavat, S.M., Roselli, C., Klarin, D., Emdin, C.A.,
Hilvering, C.R., Bianchi, V., Mueller, C. and Khera, A.V., 2017. A genetic variant
associated with five vascular diseases is a distal regulator of endothelin-1 gene expression.
Cell, 170(3), pp.522-533.
Knowles, J.W., Zarafshar, S., Pavlovic, A., Goldstein, B.A., Tsai, S., Li, J., McConnell, M.V.,
Absher, D., Ashley, E.A., Kiernan, M. and Ioannidis, J., 2017. Impact of a genetic risk
score for coronary artery disease on reducing cardiovascular risk: a pilot randomized
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Yu, E., Rimm, E., Qi, L., Rexrode, K., Albert, C.M., Sun, Q., Willett, W.C., Hu, F.B. and
Manson, J.E., 2016. Diet, lifestyle, biomarkers, genetic factors, and risk of cardiovascular
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Foyer, C.H., Lam, H.M., Nguyen, H.T., Siddique, K.H., Varshney, R.K., Colmer, T.D., Cowling,
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D.E., Mohler, P.J., Ma, J. and Janssen, P.M., 2017. In vivo genome editing restores
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Chadwick, A.C., Wang, X. and Musunuru, K., 2017. In vivo base editing of PCSK9 (proprotein
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Brody, J.A., Morrison, A.C., Bis, J.C., O'Connell, J.R., Brown, M.R., Huffman, J.E., Ames, D.C.,
Carroll, A., Conomos, M.P., Gabriel, S. and Gibbs, R.A., 2017. Analysis commons, a
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