Advantages, Disadvantages of Genetic Modified Organisms Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), examining their practical impacts, advantages, and disadvantages. It begins with an introduction to GMOs, followed by a discussion on their limitations, including potential health problems and public skepticism. The report explores the advantages, such as the ability to create crops with enhanced nutritional value and higher yields, and the disadvantages, including the risk of contamination and antibiotic resistance. It also delves into the historical background of GMOs, highlighting key figures like Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer, and the process of genetic recombination. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of minimizing the negative impacts of GMOs through responsible genetic engineering practices. The report also includes references to relevant scientific articles.

INTRODUCTION TO GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO)
Overview of genetic engineering
Genetically modified organism (GMO) can be defined to as that organism who is been modified or altered with use of genetic engineering
techniques. This would also be including those who are constituting variation within most common organism and not occurring naturally with
mating or natural recombination as well. There will be very widely variety of organism which will be genetically modified or changed
continuously. All or certain genes will be transferred to same species, across species of human and animals. There will be many new genes who
are introduce with endogenous genes who are been enhanced or altered.
Introduction of genetic recombination
This Genetic recombination can also termed as genetic reshuffling which is the discussion of genetic physical amongst dissimilar plants which
clues to manufacture of progenies with mixtures of characters that fluctuate from those originate in whichever parental. In eukaryotes, hereditary
recombination throughout meiosis cans principal to a new set of genetic information that can be approved on from the paternities to the
descendants. Most reshuffling is obviously happening. In meiosis, non-sister homologous DNAs pair through both additional so that
recombination typically befalls among non-sister homologues. In both meiotic and mitotic cells, reshuffling amongst homologous chromosomes
is a mutual instrument used in DNA repairHistorical background of genetic modified organism (GMO)
In year 1973 Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer were the 1st who modified organism with use of genetic engineering. This was done by taking
gene of bacterium and then inserted into plasmid again it was induced with bacteria to be incorporated by plasmid. Then the bacteria was
successfully incorporated into plasmid and was able to survive into kanamycin. Both Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer articulated other genes
within bacteria as well which then introduced the genes in name of Xenopus laevis in year 1974. In 1974 Rudolf Jaenisch formed a transgenic
mice by presenting distant DNA into its embryo, creation it the world's principal transgenic instinctive. Though it took additional 8 years
beforehand transgenic mice were advanced that accepted the transgene to their progenies. Genetically modified mice were formed in 1984 that
accepted cloned oncogenes, prompting them to evolving cancer. In 1983 the leading genetically engineered herbal was industrialised by Michael
W. Bevan, Richard B. Flavell and Mary-Dell Chilton. They ill tobacco through Agrobacterium distorted with an antibiotic confrontation gene
and finished tissue culture methods remained intelligent to produce a fresh plant layer the resistance gene.
Advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified organism
Advantages:
GMO crops can be custom-made to deliver healthier health assistances: With the modifications Of GMO food can provide a complete nutritional
value as multiple minerals and vitamins can be easily built within the crops which are grown by adjusting the genetic profile a crop. This makes it
possible for the people to get what they want in their food with low costs.
GMO take less land to grow more food: The crops of GMO can be engineered for producing the high yields from the same croplands. It can
increase the potential of yielding the crops at the double rate when there is transition by the farmers from the traditional crops towards the GMO
crops is complete. So, GMO can make it possible to meet the increasing demand of food for the future generations.
It can decrease the food allergies or intolerance issue: At present genetic engineering research is focusing on decreasing the allergy from the food
like from the common foods like peanuts. As many people suffer from the allergies from the various food items but in the world of GMO it can
make it possible for the people who have a particular food allergies could be able to eat the food safely.
Disadvantages:
Contaminate other field: The genetic modified crops can grow in the same way like any other crop which means that pollination is required for
producing the fruits, so during the process of pollination can result in the spread of such seeds in other fields and contaminate them.
GMO food can create antibiotic resistance: GMO crops are more resilient towards the disease due to the place of antibiotic genes within the DNA
of the crops, which can create the antibiotic resistance which can slow the process of curing the diseases.
REFERENCE
Weller, S. and et. al., 2016. Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of traditional and
diversified tropical rice rotation systems. Global Change Biology. 22(1), pp.432-448.
Blasing, T.J., 2016. Recent greenhouse gas concentrations. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis
Center (CDIAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States).
McGlade, C. and Ekins, P., 2015. The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting
global warming to 2 C. Nature. 517(7533). p.187.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the scope of genetic engineering is growing day by day and is playing vital role in the
modification of the plants and animals in order to make them better for serving the human race. Present report also
concludes that there are various advantages and disadvantages associated with the GMO which can benefit and provide
harm to the human beings. So, it is the responsibility of the genetic engineers to minimise the negative impact of GMO
so that better solutions are provided to the humanity.
Practical impaction of genetic modified organism
The practical impaction of the genetic modified organisms is that it does not solve everything as it does not provide the proper replacement for
the food which are grown naturally as there are still many limitations which are attached to GMO crops and they do not provide the proper
nutritional value to person and have many health problems associated with it. People across the world still do not believe that GMO food can be
equally beneficial as compared to the natural food. With the growth of GMO crops it does not only impact the humans but the animals too as
majority of GMO crops which are harvested are then fed to livestock, apiculture, aquaculture, etc which then have an impact on the groceries
which are based on the animal proteins. Ingredients of GMO can be found in sea food, milk, and animal tissues etc which are consumed by man
and can have negative effect on human beings. So, there are various impactions associated with GMO which needs to be minimised over the
time.