Climate Change Adaptation: Geography Article Review for GBC Students

This report provides a comprehensive review of three journal articles focusing on the impact of climate change on forest management and agriculture. The first article evaluates climate change susceptibility and adaptation strategies in North American forests, emphasizing the need for advanced approaches in forest management. The second article examines the influence of climate change on forest net biomass, highlighting the importance of understanding forest contributions to the global carbon cycle. The third article explores the vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate change, noting the challenges farmers face in implementing adaptive and mitigative approaches. An analysis section integrates these findings, emphasizing the need for flexible environmental policies and regulations to enhance adaptive capacity in both forestry and agriculture. The review concludes by referencing additional research that supports the importance of climate change adaptation in various environmental sectors.

Running head: GEOGRAPHY
GEOGRAPHY
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

1GEOGRAPHY
Article 1
Evaluation of Climate Change susceptibility, natural possessions have been in function in
regions of North America for almost over a decade (Halofsky et al., 2018). Over the past 10
years, substantial advancement has been made in developing susceptibility evaluation
mechanism and applies these to distinguish as well as execute climate change adjustment
procedures for forest ecological unit and forest management organisations functioning in Canada
and in the United States. The article by Halofsky et al., (2018) explicitly mentioned the requisite
for advanced approaches as well as theoretical framework for climate change. The demand for
advanced tools and approaches has specifically been based on the identification among forest
managers in these two countries whereby climate change has been encountered by series of
critical challenges. The article published by Elsevier noted that the Canadian forest sector obtains
certain rights in order to produce timber on ground and through varied forms of the tenured
provisions(Halofsky et al., 2018). These measures however have been aimed for greater amount
of industrial development, which tend to be either area based or longer period of around 20
years. The authors of the article observed that core components of the conceptual framework
which combined conducting thorough knowledge based liability assessment along with
performing adaptation methods to successfully understand forest management adaptation
towards the change in climatic conditions. However, Halofsky et al., (2018) claimed that on the
ground presentations, which are regarded as slow in developing, have been initiated to increase
the climate change adaptation process. Meanwhile, the authors have concluded the article by
proposing approaches for acceleration of application of variation in Canada and the US in order
to establish on the achievements of Federal Institutions and further expand to public, private as
well as ground lands for forest management purposes(Halofsky et al., 2018).

2GEOGRAPHY
Article 2
Endogenous measures related to forest maturity are recognised as acute causes of forest
dynamics. Valuing changes in climatic conditions that tend to influence plantation or forestry
biomass has been recognised to be crucial in analysing the level of influence of the world's forest
towards global carbon cycle(Chen et al., 2016). The fundamental purpose of this article has been
to evaluate the significant influence of climatic adjustments on forest net biomass. These
biomasses are negatively analysed but serious in forecasting forests offerings to the Global
carbon cycle. The authors of the paper have drawn significance on recent evaluation in order to
signify climate change related net biomass deterioration in developed forestry plots. Chen et al.,
(2016) implemented some theoretical methods such as forest age determination and climate
change drivers in order to recognize the level of impact climate change drivers have made on the
development of net biomass alteration. The article published in forest letters has derived Co2
evaluation procedures from the Mauna Loa Earth System Research Laboratory located in Hawaii
and obtained the annual temperature rate as well as climate humidity index produced by biosim
10 software models (Chen et al., 2016). However when coring has been in the process of forest
East determination, the approximate ring totals of the tree examples for the living beings were
used in order to provide a traditional approximation for time . Furthermore, the paper by Chen et
al., (2016) has shed light on the demands and needs of forest-edge profiles in order to analyse
previous as well as projecting prospective future responses towards climate change.

3GEOGRAPHY
Article 3
Arbuckle Jr, Morton & Hobbs, (2015) have indicated the level of vulnerability of
agricultural sector towards climate changeand the sector being the source of greenhouse gases. It
has been observed that cultivators encounter critical challenges in order to implement
agricultural systems to develop greater amount of flexibility wild fishing emerging adaptation
and mitigate Greenhouse gas production. The article has drawn significance on the work of other
scholars by noting that farmers’ perspective does not lie on the conception that climate change is
happening or can be seen as a threat(Arbuckle Jr, Morton & Hobbs, 2015). As a result, these
farmers tend to show no degree of willingness in implementing adaptive or mitigative
approaches towards climatic change. Article evaluates associations between lowafarmers’
emphasis in agricultural interest groups, which are identified as sources of climate knowledge
believed climate risk to agriculture and facilitation towards mitigation responses. The results
generated through the analysis conducted by the authors reveal that perceptions have undergone
certain divergences with emphasis and notions consequently post direct impact on these
perceived threats from climate change. The article by Arbuckle Jr, Morton & Hobbs, (2015)for
the suggested that diverse agriculture community a welcoming adaptive measures rather than
inclining towards mitigating the change in climatic condition. The authors have further provided
significant solutions in order to focus on the level of contribution done by the agriculture towards
greenhouse gases emission (Arbuckle Jr, Morton & Hobbs, 2015). However, two-dimensional
approaches of adjustment and mitigation can be followed while integrating the majority section
of cultivators into this approach who do not support anthropogenic climatic change.

4GEOGRAPHY
Analysis
Halofsky has provided inclusive insights of conceptual direction and illustrations of
methods used for Climate Change vulnerability evaluation as well as adaptation. These processes
however, have been purposed to develop at domestic level in North America by the centralized
institutions in the USA and on the other hand by the central provincial task forces present in
Canada(Halofsky et al., 2018). The major focus of this article light on areas of sustaining current
affairs by the federal Agencies and environmental sector which have developed climate change
evaluations across all forestry as a critical challenge in Canada and the US. However on the other
hand Halofsky et al., (2018) revealed evidences based on the progressive development in the
growth and net biomass transformation further suggesting that simple trends assessed from
developed or old developed forest cannot be utilised in order to represent those for the
developing forest regions. These two articles can be associated with Fritsche et al., (2017) article
of climate change adaptation in which he identified climate and weather conditions as prominent
determinants, which require constant adaptation. It further claimed that high level of flexibility in
environmental policies and regulations are significant in order to ensure accomplish wide-
ranging demands from conditions in several forms of commodity production, biophysical
environments and farming methods(Fritsche et al., 2017). Thus, it can be noted that though the
agricultural sector has been encountered by developing critical challenges from climate as well
as weather threats there will be a significant pressure on administrative agencies in order to
develop appropriate regulation and policy in order to enhance producers’ level of adaptive
aptitude(Arbuckle Jr, Morton & Hobbs, 2015).

5GEOGRAPHY
References
Arbuckle Jr, J. G., Morton, L. W., & Hobbs, J. (2015). Understanding farmer perspectives on
climate change adaptation and mitigation: The roles of trust in sources of climate
information, climate change beliefs, and perceived risk. Environment and
behavior, 47(2), 205-234.
Chen, H. Y., Luo, Y., Reich, P. B., Searle, E. B., & Biswas, S. R. (2016). Climate change ‐
associated trends in net biomass change are age dependent in western boreal forests of
Canada. Ecology letters, 19(9), 1150-1158.
Fritsche, U. R., Berndes, B., Cowie, A. L., Dale, V. H., Kline, K. L., Johnson, F. X., ... &
Woods, J. (2017). Sustainable energy options and implications for land use.
Halofsky, J. E., Andrews-Key, S. A., Edwards, J. E., Johnston, M. H., Nelson, H. W., Peterson,
D. L., ... & Williamson, T. B. (2018). Adapting forest management to climate change:
The state of science and applications in Canada and the United States. Forest Ecology
and Management, 421, 84-97.