Germany Counterterrorism: Strategies and Challenges Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of Germany's counterterrorism efforts, focusing on the challenges posed by terrorist attacks and the strategies employed to combat them. It delves into specific incidents such as the Berlin attack, examining the government's response and the impact on security measures. The report analyzes key aspects of Germany's counterterrorism approach, including electronic spying, travel control, and international collaborations. It also explores the involvement of German residents in foreign terrorist activities, the role of extremist groups, and the legal frameworks used to address these threats. The report highlights the evolution of counterterrorism strategies, the use of risk assessment tools, and the sharing of information with international partners like the United States. It also covers the legislation and policies implemented to prevent and counter terrorism, including measures related to border enforcement and law enforcement. Finally, the report evaluates the progress made in the fight against terrorism and the ongoing challenges faced by Germany in maintaining national security.

Running head: GERMANY COUNTERTERRORISM 1
Germany Counterterrorism
Name of the student
Institutional affiliation
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Abstract
The law enforcement in German has had the rough time handling the terrorist attackers. It
has been involved in consistent investigations, arresting, and prosecution of the suspected
terrorists in the year 2016. The country experienced the highest number of foreign terrorists who
went out of the country and participated in terror activities in countries such as Iraq and Syria
since 2012 to engage in the war on terrorism. The number of foreign terrorists from Germany
estimated to be 880 German residents becoming foreign terrorists and this raised an alarm as the
number was significantly larger in the officials and trend approximates. The better part of the
group is believed to have become members of the extremist Islamism group that is very violent.
The number then reduced to nearly a third of the total as 140 of them died while on their mission
in Iraq and Syria. The relevant authorities in Germany investigated the group that returned home,
to determine whether they are still interested in terrorism activities while at their home ground or
not. The returnees possessed so much threat to the people within the country because as at now,
they were experienced and used to the war-like life in the foreign lands they were before. Despite
all these challenges that the country was facing, the association with the United States in the
bilateral counterterrorism that Germany joined hands with remained excellent.

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Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................2
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Terrorist Attacks..............................................................................................................................4
Berlin Attack....................................................................................................................................7
Electronic Spying.............................................................................................................................9
Travel Control................................................................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................16
References......................................................................................................................................18

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Introduction
Germany contributed to the fighting against terrorism by providing material support,
provided arms and training although they did not take part in the airstrikes. Germany helped the
Iraqi Kurdish through being a coalition member as well as being strong in the fight against ISIS.
Another support that the country facilitated to the fight is the refueling aircraft to support
Coalition air operations, provision of AWACS crews and reconnaissance aircraft in the Iraq
Syria war, and also facilitated for the defense using the frigate on the carrier aircraft from France
from the point where the coalition was launched. The implementation that Germany made with
the UN Security Council on 2178 and 2199 resolutions, and hence strengthen the bond between
the al-Qa’ida sanctions regime, ISIL (Da’esh), and UN Security Council (UNSC) (Adams,
2017). There are many laws that the German government can use to freeze the travel of the
terrorists if they hold of the criminal's accounts names. It developed a legislation that focuses on
minimizing the travels and financial access of the criminals in the long run through the
application of the antiterrorism laws that it formulated in the previous amendments. Germany
has a good reputation in fighting terrorists even in the international markets as seen from the
initiation they had on Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF) as the founding member state. It
also helped aid the GCTF to establish good reputation and operations on different grounds to
fight foreign terrorism. Internally within the borders of the country, Germany has beefed up its
efforts on enforcement to interdict, prevent and counter and voice foreign terrorism by curbing
travel through supporting Schengen measures and EU. The treaty signed in May between
Germany and the United States enhanced the sharing of information amongst the two containing
information of the suspected or terror groups that might be harmful to the citizens and the nation
in general. During the same year, a bill in parliament was passed by the act of parliament where

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the budget was increased to ensure that there are enough resources to spend on domestic
counterterrorism and on law enforcement intelligence efforts (Steinberg, 2017).
Terrorist Attacks
Border enforcement, law enforcement, and security: The federal government continued to
enact a far-reaching anti-terrorism law, ensuring the participation or support of punishable,
counter-terrorism-based local and external groups. The Penal Code denies the scope of
preparatory activities related to the fight against terrorism, including the real beginning or the
attempt of Germany in the militant terrorist’s preparations, assuring weapons or explosives to
attack the terrorists in the name of returning militant police in question (Bures, 2016).
On July 29, Germany received additional anti-terrorism regulations, which allows the
federal police to deal with the legal requirements of secret specialists and open social security;
develops the exchange of information with external knowledge administrations; It supports the
advantages of local analysis to create and publish common databases for remote complicity;
Extend the control and observation of wire centers with prepaid cell phones; and reduces the date
on which the suspects that the BFV has the power to locate the information and collect it (Førde,
Lægreid, Rubecksen & Rykkja, 2019).

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Information about alleged drug traffickers is shared between bars and state petition
offices. International identity cards in Germany and other personality reports combine strengths,
but concerns about information protection are reluctant to develop structures for travel research.
The collection and maintenance of passenger data for exploration are high and are limited certain
major routes. At present, there is no use of the Passenger Name Record (PNR), but after the
approval of another important PNR directive, a PNR framework has been developed and created.
By 2016, various acquisitions, arrests, and preparations were devoted to anxiety-related
oppression. Through the effort of the Ministry of Justice and estimated that about 600 cases of
progressive militants at the end of September as important and legitimate cases (Jackson & Tsui,
2016).
Since the beginning of 2018, the German security expert has published a series of reports
showing the development of national strategies against terrorism warfare following the bombing
of a truck in Berlin in December 2016, an obvious moment. In Germany, it was crucial to
fighting the risk of emanating oppressors from Islamic terror groups (Nacos, 2016). The first part
of this manual contains a final recommendation of the final stage terrorist warfare, and the
second part presents some difficulties in relation to the women and young people who return
from regions (some time ago), which are controlled by the Jihadists (Eckenwiler et al., 2015).
As evidenced by the International Counterterrorism Center, they have become the major
relationships of the European population in the spring of 2012, wishing to attend a counter-
terrorists meeting. The miracle is not that the new Europeans fought since 1980 for various

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jihadist groups in the Middle East when Peter R. Neumann plans in his 2015 book on jihadist and
the next wave of terrorism has arrived (Nehring, 2016). Although the miracle of non-European
competitors is not new, the number of those who have ventured into amateur training in Iraq or
Syria has increased recently. To illustrate this, distant European competitors are not really
European citizens, but they often spent most of their lives in a European country (Nikolsky,
2015). On the other hand, the term "Islamic State is used in these instructions in the broadest
sense to refer to militant jihadists and Jewish militant groups in Syria and Iraq. Although most
peripheral European warriors, no doubt, support the ISIS, take the European jihadists to several
meetings, for example in Al-Nusra (Mucha, 2017).
The latest information on the number of German warriors by far was distributed on
February 9, 2018. So far, 970 people are security experts who have left the Federal Office for
Protection of the Constitution. Germany should help ISIS or other counter-terrorism groups in
Iraq or Syria. About 150 people are expected to settle in Syria or Iraq and about 33% of the 970
people are returning to Germany (Weisburd & Bayley, 2015). As information received by
German security experts in a document from the Egmont Royal Institute for International
Relations shows, only 10 percent of the distant warriors returned to Germany because they
wanted to resign from the Islamic state. Most returnees were surprised or disappointed by their
situation or sought the reputation of their loved ones (Scahill, 2015).
As for the profile of German rivals, most of the 970 is under 30 and about one fifth are
women. It is assumed that 12% of foreign competitors have converted to Islam. While 40% of
foreign warriors have German nationality, 40% are distant citizens and the remaining 20% have

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dual nationality. In addition, most Germans must be unemployed before fleeing or being
seconded to the low-income / talented sector 66% were investigated for crimes. In addition, most
of the major warriors were people from the Salafist events that preceded its launch.
As for the Islamists, they attack whoever is alive and in power in Germany who promotes
counter-terrorism that according to state and state police officers, PERIOD Süddeutsche talking
about 720 potential Islamic fighters. December 2017 about 720 people are considered at risk. In
addition, the vast majority of potential oppressors are based on Islamic counter-terrorism in
Germany, the control of German citizenship, as shown by Zeit online in a report grouped mainly
by the German government after a brief application to the extremist. The political meeting was
the appropriate alternative for Germany.
Berlin Attack
The 2016 Berlin Attack Truck was a turning point for German security experts and their
counter-terrorism warfare. In a report published in October 2017, an expert condemned in 2016
the Berlin police authorities of North Rhine-Westphalia and Baden-Württemberg and revealed
that in the defense of the man Anis Amri Behind the police, there were serious mistakes made by
the attacks of trucks, but the experts did not prosecute Amri, although he repeatedly abused the
law and spoke to EI leaders in Syria. Amri was monitored by security experts, but his potential
threat was not evaluated. Likewise, the extraordinary examiner criticized the coordinated use of
German experts when all was said.

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A year after the terrorists attack in Berlin, Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière said that
there has been tremendous progress in the fight against terrorism. The follow-up section reviews
some of the progress made in 2017 and in the middle of 2018. This includes excluding and
controlling the electronic identification of potential attackers as well as the ability to provide
information about travelers, organizations, sponsors, use of state operational programs, and risk
assessment tools used by German experts.
In February 2017, the Federal Department of Criminal Investigations issued a statement
that it was a different tool for risk assessment, called ITE RADAR, created with the lawyers of
the University of Constance. The device uses institutionalized research and reaction classes to
assess a person's level of vulnerability (Samaan & Jacobs, 2018). Assessment depends only on
observable behavior and accessible data on the individual's lifestyle. Respondent is assigned to
one of three risk levels: low risk, high risk, and moderate risk. For evaluation, the competent
authority adapts its intervention measures to the needs of the individual. The Federal Criminal
Police Department announced that RADAR-iTE would be submitted in the summer of 2017. It
has also been reported that another risk-detection procedure, called RISKANT, was created to
provide sufficient mediation for the police. RISKANT will be able to identify activity
management that is particularly suited to problem areas that are evident to high-risk individuals.
In addition, the German government officials approved a bill that the use of unapproved
passenger records, detection, investigation, and prosecution of psychopathic crimes and actual

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behavior and incomprehensible violations in February 2017. The provision was on April 21,
2016, where the Parliament confirmed. The bill requires the aircraft to provide passenger
information to EU countries to help specialists deal with crimes and actual illegality. The
agreement was concluded for a long time, but complaints after the aggression of the oppressors
in Paris were reduced in November 2015. The bill should be incorporated into German national
legislation and before May 25, the date of its entry into force in 2018. Specialists can store up to
a year and a half and replace only individual subtle elements under strict conditions.
Electronic Spying
In June 2017, the parliament passed another law that manages the PC and recognizes the
system. This new law will be prepared for hackers who specialize in PC applications, cell phone
and information control, such as WhatsApp. WORLD revealed in February 2018 that the Home
Office had unexpectedly approved the potential use of a product to control encrypted email on
federal mobile phones on January 10, 2018. The FinSpy product should feature gadgets for
individual devices, visits, and various messages can be recorded and transmitted to security
experts. So far, the Criminal Police Department has never used FinSpy's programming for
analysis (Mitu, 2014).
In November 2017, SPIEGEL ONLINE said that currently, 96 men in Germany use
electronic tags. These men are observed by the Joint Electronic Control Authority or the
Common Electronic Country Monitoring. Seventy of these men are under observation for sexual
crimes, 24 for violent injuries and 2 because of potential opponents of Islamic counter-terrorism
(Satana & Demirel-Pegg, 2018). The issuance of permits for security experts to detect possible

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terrorist’s combatants through electronic channels was a success on July 1, 2017, but so far has
played a lesser role in anticipating the counter-terrorism.
In addition, problems related to the use of electronic tags occurred, as illustrated by the
case of the follow-up: on October 11, 2017, expelled from Syria terrorists potential Islamic
militant to fly from Bavaria to Hamburg to Athens - with electronic channels. The experts were
unwilling to find the man who claimed that the chains had stopped, sooner or later, to send a
flag. Later it was developed that the specialists had deliberately robbed the man recognized since
the police had in the aviation terminal of Hamburg not informing to the federal police on the exit
of the man. Since January 24, 2018, the man has not returned to Germany. In any case, the
Lower Saxony State Police are planning a significant increase in their counter-terrorism
anticipation activities, including electronic tags for potential terrorists Islamic fighters.
While the law on the elimination of evil crimes has been around for a long time, security
experts have rarely bound this law. As stated by the ESISC in January 2018, 36 people were
expelled in 2017 to pose a potential danger. In 24 other cases, people were evicted to pose a
militant terrorist risk and violate the law. However, in cases where refugees are subjected to
brutal treatment in their country of origin, deportation cannot be affected. These cases remain
suspended and investigators who cannot be appointed remain in Germany.

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German security experts also presented a series of measures to adopt police structures to
the current level of crime. The first federal police unit, GSG 9, has expanded to approximately
33% of the current faculty strength. In January 2018, representatives of the GSG 9 Fuchs in the
Frankfurter Allgemeine newspaper made it clear that the purpose of the personnel structure was
to improve the counter-terrorism of Berlin in terms of response time (Karlsrud, 2018). GSG 9
was founded in 1972 following the 1972 Olympics attack on Monaco, where 11 Israeli Olympic
colleagues were kidnapped and killed (Bouzis, 2015).
Travel Control
Another measure that is gradually being applied by German experts is the transport of
unique identification files to dangerous people whose visas have been reused to prevent them
from traveling to the world (Richards, 2015). The measure was introduced in 2015 but its
suitability cannot be assessed due to lack of information. On January 28, 2018, the WELT
announced that the national government could not determine in how many cases the
identification of possible counter-terrorism was appropriate. During a brief consultation of the
green parliamentary meeting with a delegate of the administration, it was clear that it was the
state government rather than the central government that produced reports on the responsible
person. As a result, the world came to the Interior Ministry in Saxony-Anhalt, but government
experts were unable to comment on the number of messages they considered extraordinary
(Qvortrup, 2016). However, it is unclear whether the world has reached out to other experts in
the state. In this way, it is difficult to assess the regularity with which State experts resort to this
particular security effort.