Globalization's Impact on Business Performance: Pret a Manger

This report examines the impact of globalization on business performance, with a specific focus on Pret a Manger. The study explores the rationale behind choosing this topic, highlighting how globalization influences business operations, productivity, and profitability. It delves into the factors affecting business performance, encompassing social, economic, and technological elements. A comprehensive literature review discusses the importance of globalization, its effects on Pret a Manger, and the interrelationship between business performance and global market entry strategies. The methodology section outlines the research philosophy, design, types, approach, data collection, analysis, and ethical considerations. The report also presents research results, stakeholder details, and conclusions with recommendations. It also includes a review of the methodology and personal reflections. The report analyzes globalization's role in market expansion, competition, and financial outcomes. It also covers the significance of technology, cultural adaptation, and customer preferences in the context of international business.

Analysing the impact of
globalization on Business
performance

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this report it has been discussed that globalisation impact on business financial as well
as other performance and also provide many opportunities which enhance their productivity. But
on the other side it creates competitive environment in marketplace that put negative effect firm
and it’s all over functions. In this study it will discuss about the different types of modes enter
into international market that support to gain competitive advantages.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND.............................................................4
1.1 Rationale................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Factors affect business performance......................................................................................4
1.3 Focus on chosen topic............................................................................................................4
1.4 Background of company and details about topic...................................................................4
CHAPTER: 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................6
2.1 Importance of globalisation ..................................................................................................6
2.2 Impact of globalisation on Pret a manger..............................................................................7
2.3 Interrelationship between business performance and globalisation.......................................8
2.4 Modes of enter into international market ..............................................................................9
CHAPTER: 3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................11
3.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................11
3.1 Research philosophy............................................................................................................11
3.2 Research design...................................................................................................................11
3.3 Research types.....................................................................................................................12
3.4 Research approach...............................................................................................................12
3.5 Data collection.....................................................................................................................12
3.6 Data analysis........................................................................................................................13
3.7 Sampling..............................................................................................................................13
3.8 Ethical considerations..........................................................................................................13
CHAPTER: 4 RESULTS OF RESEARCH ..................................................................................15
CHAPTER: 5 STAKEHOLDERS DETAILS...............................................................................25
CHAPTER: 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ....................................................27
6.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................27
6.2 Recommendation-................................................................................................................27
CHAPTER: 7 REVIEW OF METHODOLOGY..........................................................................29
CHAPTER: 8 PERSONAL REFLECTIONS ...............................................................................30
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................32
BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................35

Topic: Analysing the impact of globalization on business performance: A case on Pret a Manger.
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
1.1 Rationale
The project is about the globalisation that effect on business or company's performance.
Researcher chose this topic to identify how globalization impact on entity and its financial
performance or other functions (Narwal and Jindal, 2015). It is important to understand how it
makes the world smaller by exchanging of services and goods, cultures and knowledge between
various countries. In recent time, there are many companies which drive towards globalisation
and expand their business at international market that is the main reason for choosing this topic
why they are doing so. Researcher wants to understand about globalisation, how it influences
productivity, profitability and other things.
1.2 Factors affect business performance
Business is impacted by various factors which collectively form business environment, it
includes social, economic, legal, political, technological and environmental factors. Business
environment consists of external and internal forces that impacts company and its business
operations. Employees working abilities and contribution, interest of shareholders, financial
performance, operational efficiency and other functions are the internal factors that impact Pret
A Manger and also influence its overall activities (Kumar, Singh and Shankar, 2015). All above
elements are considered as the most effective factors that can be impact on company as negative
or might be positive side.
1.3 Focus on chosen topic
Globalisation changes the world and whole industry structure, it gives new ways or
purpose of driving organizations towards capital expansion. Researcher focuses on this topic
because they identify globalisation in context of current business trend that help industry or
specific company to expand their business and increase profit margin. Researcher chose this
topic as impact of globalization on business performance to identify how it affects Pret a
Manager business and its financial performance.
1.4 Background of company and details about topic
Globalization drives business towards achieving their desired goals and objectives, due to
increased revenue and cost reductions globalisation generate increased profits for company and
shareholders as it impact positively. It increases competition in market place that impact on Pret

a Manger and other companies. The competition is related to services or products price, quality,
cost, manufacturing etc. that affect overall business activities and functions.
Pret a Manger is the international sandwich shop chain based in UK, founded in 1983 and
has over 450 shops in nine nations. The first Pret a Manger is founded by Jeffrey Hyman in
Hampstead, London. The firm is serving the best food or sandwiches to customer which helps to
grab the attention and retain them for longer with company. They serve quality products to
people which makes positive image among group of people or in marketplace. Pret a Manger
shops are located in UK, Dubai, US, Hong Kong, Singapore, Netherlands, Denmark, China and
Germany. They run its business with the help of skilled and talented people with them. Firm
employed 1400 employees of whom 60% were from another European Union countries and 19%
were from UK. Organization organizational structure is divided between their main offices and
stores.
Globalisation impact on Pret a Manger and its shops in many countries, globalisation is
the procedure of integration and international arise from interchange of the world views, ideas,
products and aspects of culture. It affecting the overall functions and activities of company
within different market place.
Aim-
To analyse the effect of globalization on business performance: A case on Pret a Manger.
Objectives-
 To determine the importance of globalisation to business.
 To analyse impact of globalisation on business performance of Pret a manager
 To evaluate relationship between globalisation and business performance
 To identify the modes of entry into international market.
 Research questions-
 Why globalisation is important for business?
 What is impact of globalisation on business performance?
 What is relationship between globalisation and business performance?
 What is the best ways or modes to enter into international marketplace?

CHAPTER: 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Importance of globalisation
Globalisation leads to increase competition, which is related to service and product price
and cost, technological adaption, target market, quick manufacture by company and quick
response. Discussed by Payonk, Lyashenko and Kvilinskyi, (2015) globalisation is very essential
for business as it helps to increase productivity and profitability. It is defined as integration of
organizations and government from perspectives of business, one impact of globalisation is that
is markets expansion. It helps company that previously sold their products only at domestic level,
as now start selling goods at international level effectively. With the help of globalisation
process, they able to expand their venture and increase profit margin. It is important for business
as to give opportunity for direct invest in foreign market that support to improve their financial
performance as well as operational efficiency. With the help of business expansion process the
company is able to increase customer base and grab the attention of people via developing
marketing plan in other nation. Wetherly and Otter, (2014) elucidated that globalisation is very
important for business as it supports to raise position in marketplace which is beneficial for them.
Boost technology, restructuring industry, progress of global organizations and enhancement of
productivity are the several benefits of globalisation for firm that leverage its reputation and
financial budgets. It is essential for company as to build strong relationship with customers and
build its positive image in market. With the help of expansion of products or services they can be
capable to beat competitors and generate revenue. Imran and Tanveer, (2015) stated that firm
need to make effective plan related to foreign investment and exchange process of goods that
help to enlarge its business all over the world and increase financial budgets or sales more.
Globalisation is worldwide movement towards financial, economic, integration, trade and
communication (De Jong and van Houten, 2014). It implies starting of local and nationalistic
perspectives to the broader outlook of the interdependent and interconnected world with free
transfer of services, capital and goods across national borders. It helps two or more countries
coming together as one large global economy and make international trade easier. Globalisation
grown due to advances in communication and transportation technology. With maximized global
interactions, it brings progress of international trade, culture and ideas. There are different key
elements which influenced procedure of globalisation: development and improvement in
transportation. As per view of Bayraktar and Oly Ndubisi, (2014) Transport improvements mean

that people and products travel more rapidly it is the main causes for globalisation. Progress of
global media, increased mobility of labour and reduction in tariff barriers is the other
consequences and causes of globalisation that affect business actions. In simple words,
globalisation refers to the integration of regional and national societies, economies and cultural
through communication, transportation and global network of trade. According to Quatraro and
Vivarelli, (2014) Globalisation aim is development of all person of the world and to secure socio
economic integration through the free flow of information, people and products all around the
world.
2.2 Impact of globalisation on Pret a manger
According to Cania, (2014), international trade and investment and advancement in
technology is the key drivers that drives company towards business expansion in context of
products or services. If company manufacture products with less cost and sells in new market
place at cheaper price make entity able to increase their market share. Globalisation put negative
and positive impact on firm as well as its business performance.
Positive impacts of globalisation on organization include the range of factors which is
trade technology, capital flows and investments, culture and organizational structure,
competition etc.
Reijonen and et.al., (2015) argued that due to changes in government trade policy, it
impacts on entity business performance in which they have to deal with many problems. Lower
taxation policies give benefits to company as trade successfully, but change in this international
regulation or rule taxation policy get changed which affect business. If company pay taxes
according to rules it has resulted in higher profitability and increase spending in development
and research.
Advancement in technology brings many benefits for organization as they can easily
expand their business across the border and able to communicate with their existing and new
customers effectively with the use of technologies. It impacts negatively on business
performance and its financial budgets. If they cannot implement new technology within
organizational structure they do not be able to manage their business in several nations and
understand customer preferences. But with current technologies they serve its best and conduct
more research based on competitors and clients perspectives. According to Crane and Matten,
(2016) investment in technology brings higher chances of building the self-sustaining ecosystem

that moves innovation. With the help of advanced technology company conduct market research
and manufacture creative products that grab the attention of new and existing customers.
Every economy or society has different culture and beliefs that might be put negative
impact on business performance and its capital expansion procedure. People with different norms
and culture avoid to except thing which is not appropriate for them as belongs to their culture, if
business will sell products and its cannot match with existing economy culture it directly impacts
on financial performance and profit margin. Zouaghi and Sánchez, (2016) argued that if business
adopt the culture of different country as to expand their venture they can be able to provide
goods to people meet with their needs. It is beneficial for them and clients at international market
attract more towards purchasing things and cannot avoid it.
Customer preferences are changed according to current trends and health concern that
impact on organization manufacture process of goods. People want satisfaction if they purchase
products that are suitable for them and accordant to their lifestyle. According to Falahat and
Migin, (2017) When company manufacture goods and consider customer requirements they can
be able to drive people towards buying and increase clients base in new market.
If company wants to trade international market they must be consider climate or weather
change which impact on business trading process. As discussed by Santoro, Vrontis and Pastore,
(2017) if supply chain is not flexible or adjustable it leads to bottlenecks, if shipments of
products from on part of world is delayed because of sudden changes in weather or climate shift
it directly impacts on profitability and company financial budgets which is not appropriate for
overall business performance. Entity must give its contribution to CSR in new market that gives
many opportunities to them as to run their business successfully within international market.
2.3 Interrelationship between business performance and globalisation
The relationship between organization performance and globalisation is based on foreign
trade benefits and increasing productivity and profitability. Globalisation provides platform or
opportunities to company as expand their business in different nations. It changes the whole
structure of business and its working structure that makes it as leading brand upon competitors. It
is beneficial for economy, company will help to decrease rate of unemployment and poverty in
country via expanding their business and provide the best employment opportunities to local and
residential people. As per view of Kumar and et.al., (2017) it makes trade easier and provide
access to the variety of goods from nation and make easier for company to acquire another ones.

It provides the better opportunity to business to understand or learn different customs, languages,
traditions, etc. that is beneficial and effectual for them and help to deal with several companies.
Due to reduction in trade obstruction, business will trade their services or goods to other country
more easily. Free flow of technology from one nation to other, free movement of labour among
nations and creation of the environment for investment and flow of capital among countries is
the three advantages or benefits of globalisation for business.
Globalisation creates employment opportunities, as it increases more and more
organization is setting up their business in other nation. With the help of business expansion
procedure people get jobs without having to drive to other country in context of better jobs
opportunity. In current decade international organizations such as Pret a Manger, Google, etc
operate in UK and many people work for these firms in UK. Without globalisation, European
people could not have the opportunity to work or perform for firms in country. With
globalisation, it becomes easier for company to move across borders to various parts of the world
to expand their business and acquire better knowledge as to deal at international market. Hall and
Lee, (2014) stated that globalisation is also beneficial for people who wants to acquire better
education. As outcomes of globalisation, customer has access to the best quality of services or
goods through world. Organization strives to offer or deliver quality products to people and they
have liberty of choosing products consumer thinks is suited for their needs and requirement.
2.4 Modes of enter into international market
According to Wheelen and et.al., (2017) if company expand its business and they have to
make the best strategies which help to accomplish task or business objective. But with these
plans or strategies they need to consider the most appropriate modes of entering into
international market. Organization starts as local business and adopt several modes to enter into
international market. Company grow within its domestic markets and emphasis to expand their
venture at global level and also try to replicate their success in overseas markets. As per view of
Kalkan, Bozkurt and Arman, (2014) licensing and franchising, foreign direct investment, Joint
Ventures, Strategic business acquisitions are the various modes of entry within international
marketplace or expand business in different country.
Firms wants to established the best presence in overseas market with minimal risk,
franchising and licensing strategy or mode allows business assume risk on behalf of
organization. Discussed by Shenkar, Luo and Chi, (2014) franchising is best mode of entry for

food and beverage sector that help to offer food products to customers. It permits business for
expansion process in one or multiple nations with lower investment. With the help of franchising
or licensing company can be able to build their positive image in new market and gain
knowledge about local market.
Direct exporting include directly exportation process of products to other overseas
market, it is the quickest mode of entering into international market. Product owner in UK can be
able to go out to reach its target consumers through direct sales. Via online and direct selling
process is successfully accomplished which help to increase profit margin and financial budgets.
Chen, Tang and Feldmann (2015) elucidated that direct sales build good reputation of company
in new market place as they deliver quality goods to them and meet with their needs. Advantage
of direct exporting is that company utilize direct product exporting strategy to test their
effectiveness of goods in new place or other country before making the wider investment in
overseas market. But this strategy would put negative effect business as well as its financial
performance because direct sales via online is really high cost plan.

CHAPTER: 3 METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
Methodology is defined as the model which researcher employ for design,
implementation, planning and achievement of specific project objectives. This section of project
details how research methods are used, research is conducted and reason for selecting several
methods includes within research methodology. Research methodology is technique that
studying how researcher done research or accomplish it successfully. It is the best way to
systematically conduct research and solve any issues by logically adopting different steps. It
defines the methods in which data is gathered in research project or report. It is the justification
for using the specific investigation tools or techniques. Types of methodologies such as:
3.1 Research philosophy
Research philosophy is the belief about method in which information about the
phenomenon must be collected, used and analysed. Epistemology as opposed to doxology
encompasses different philosophies of research approach. Every stage of research project is
founded on assumption in context of nature and sources of knowledge. Research philosophy is
divided into four categories: Pragmatism, Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism. Researcher use
Interpretivism research philosophy in this project that support to get better outcomes.
Interpretivism is known as interpretivism include researcher to understand elements of report
thus it integrates human interest into the project. This approach is based on naturalistic technique
of information gathering such as observations and interviews.
3.2 Research design
Research design is the choice between quantitative and qualitative research techniques,
and also refers to specific method of data analysis and data collection. It is divided into two parts
conclusive and exploratory. Researcher in this study used exploratory research design that helps
to explore particular aspects of investigation area. It cannot provide conclusive and final answer
to research questions. Researcher change direction of report to certain extent not fundamentally,
accordant to different evidence achieved during its research procedure about chosen topic.
Researcher will use this design typically to identify issues that do not clearly defined or mention
yet. It is conducted in order to identify nature of issue, not intended to offer conclusive
information. Exploratory research design help to provide better understanding of project and
problem. Researcher conducting exploratory research design to change directions.

3.3 Research types
Research types are divided into two categories qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative
type of research is based on feeling, sounds, words and emotions elements. Data is considered as
qualitative in way if it does not analyse by mathematical methods. In this project researcher will
use qualitative type of research that help to gain insights and also support to deeply understand
the importance of chosen topic. Researcher will choose some real life situations and people to
gather relevant information about selected topic that is very helpful to get the better results.
Researcher will use forms, images in different media as well as spoken words in these methods
to gather information and relevant data.
3.4 Research approach
Research approach is procedure and plan that consists of several steps of broad
assumptions to detailed technique of data analysis, collection and interpretation. It is divided into
three types such as deductive research approach, abductive and inductive research approach.
Deductive research approach is tests the validity of hypothesis or assumptions. On the other
hand, abductive approach begins with puzzles or surprising facts and research procedure is
devoted its explanation. In this report researcher adopt Inductive research approach. Thus,
when adopting the inductive research approach, starting with chosen topic as the impact of
globalisation on business performance, the researcher tends to create empirical generalizations
and determine preliminary connection as they progress through research.
3.5 Data collection
Data collection is the best procedure of gathering information from all the accurate or
relevant sources to get answer to research issues, evaluate outcomes and test hypothesis. Data
collection process is divided into two categories: primary method of data collection and
secondary technique of data assembled. Secondary data collection is types of data gathering, in
this types of methods information is already been published in newspaper, journals, magazines,
online portals and in books. On the other hand primary data collection methods are quite
different from secondary. Research use primary data collection method in which they use
several tools such as survey questionnaires, experiments, observation and interviews in order to
get accurate results in ending of research process. Primary information gathering is taken
statistical or quantitative form for example, graphs, tables, charts and diagrams.

3.6 Data analysis
Research Methodology in project reports must include discussions in context of methods
of data analysis. Researcher should explain in concise manner how they going to analyse primary
data that they collect employing techniques explained in RM. Data analysis is divided into two
forms: quantitative and qualitative data analysis. On the other hand, qualitative data analysis is
different from other methods, in this project researcher will use qualitative technique which is
useful and appropriate for this study. In this project researcher can use any method such as
interviews, experiments and focus group based on their research in which information analysis is
going to include determining general patterns within responses in order to achieve research
objectives and aims. Researcher conduct interview and make questionnaires which provide the
appropriate results and desired outcomes. Qualitative data analysis is the best methods used by
researcher in this report as it helps to gather information and interpret it.
3.7 Sampling
Sampling method is divide into two concepts: non probability and probability, in non-
probability, sampling sample group people is chosen non-randomly; in non-probability sampling
certain members of population have the chance to participate in research process. Simple
random sampling, stratified, multistage, cluster and systematic random sampling is included in
probability sampling technique. Quota sampling, extensive, convenience and judgement
sampling is included in non-probability sampling methods. In this report researcher use simple
random sampling, it is the most straightforward and purest probability sampling plan. It is the
most popular technique for selecting the sample among population for broad range of purpose.
Researcher choose 5 managers as respondents, each member of group is equally likely to be
select as part of sample in this project.
3.8 Ethical considerations
Ethical considerations are specified as one of the essential parts of this project. There are
the 10 points present the principles related to ethical consideration. Researcher must follow all
the points covered in the principles of ethical consideration. For example, privacy of respondents
is the main responsibility of researcher, they do not reveal any information about them. Research
contestants must not be capable to harm in any ways, respect for dignity of participants in
research is prioritised. Researcher should avoid any type of representative of primary data
findings as well as misleading information in biased way. In order to accomplish project

successfully they need to work within effective manner and cannot use offensive, unacceptable
and discriminatory languages in formulation of interviews, focus group questions and
questionnaires. They should care high level of objectivity in analyses and discussions through
research procedure. Researcher must adhere to Data Protection Act 1998 when they making
report which is very essential for accomplishing project effectively.

CHAPTER: 4 RESULTS OF RESEARCH
Do you think globalisation Impact on Business performance as for Pret A manger?
Yes 3
No 2
Figure 1: Do you think Globalisation Impact on Business performance as for Pret A manger?
Interpretation- Globalization put negative and positive impact on any business as well
as their financial performance. It is the procedure of global integration arises from interaction of
world views, thoughts and other prospect of culture. Due to communication technology advances
and transportation advancement globalisation has grown more and more. With increased global
interactions' comes growth of international ideas, culture and trade. Globalization presents the
inescapable phenomenon in mankind history which makes the world smaller and littler by
maximizing the exchange of services, products, cultures and knowledge between various nations.
3 managers think that globalisation put effect Pret A Manger and its overall business
performance. They think globalisation is beneficial for company and provide many opportunities
for development and progress. But 2 managers feel that globalisation cannot make any impact on
business at higher level. They think that organization grab the benefits and achieve business
goals and objectives with the help of effective team and hard work not just because of

globalisation. It only support firm that is one of the contribution of globalisation nothing more
than it. 2 managers think that it is not much effective and useful for business as put negative
effect on its workers and other functions of company. According to them globalisation create
many challenges for business and create issues more than before. It impacts on healthy working
environment, culture of staff members at workplace which is not suitable for Pret A Manger. It
required changes in whole business performance or structure that is very difficult to do and
consumer a lot of time.
Do you feel that globalization is beneficial for overall business?
Yes 2
No 3
Figure 2: Do you feel that globalization is beneficial for overall business?
Interpretation- Globalisation provide many benefits to company, it is beneficial for all
over functions and activities of business. It makes organization able to communicate effectively
and efficiently with its suppliers, partners, consumers and manager better its inventories, supplies
and distribution network. Firm produces with less price and sells cheaper with the help of
globalisation they can be able to increase their market share. As it contribute to raise the position
of business more than before and make them capable to invest in foreign market directly. 2
managers think that globalisation is beneficial and effective for business and its other

performance. With the help of foreign direct investment they can increase at much greater rate
than progress in world trade, supporting boost technology transfer, growth of global
organizations and also help rise industrial restructuring. The positive side of globalisation is
about rising leverage and easy credit as money flows well across national and local boundaries. It
helps to setting the world economy into the impeccable cycle of employment growth and
income. But on other side 3 managers feel that globalisation is not beneficial for business as it
put negative impact on company and arise competitive environment within marketplace that is
not beneficial for them. The negative side of globalisation is all about uncertainties and new risks
brought about by high level of integration of local and domestic markets, high degree of
imitation, profit and price swings and products and business destruction. They think due to
globalisation it has negative side effects on business. Jobs insecurity, fluctuation in currency,
fluctuation in prices and capital flows are the factors that developed in nations and impact the
company.
Do you think globalization provides opportunities for growth and development of business
Yes 4
No 1
Figure 3: Do you think globalization provides opportunities for growth and development of
business

Interpretation- In simple words globalisation is the best way in which people and
countries of the world integrate and interact with each other. In the world many things become
globalized as two or more organizations or people come into contact. Globalization defines that
the world is becoming interrelated by culture and trade exchange as it bring many benefits or
opportunities for business and in its overall development and growth. 4 managers think that
globalisation offer the best business expansion opportunity to Pret A Manger, it helps to
experience economic growth. Globalisation plays essential role in economic growth as well, it
provides the job opportunities to people which are beneficial and effective in way of economic
well fare. Hyperbolic competition from globalisation supports stimulate new technology
development, which helps to improve business output by making procedure more efficient.
Globalization has brought benefits in well-developed business. With the help of expansion
procedure company can be able to serve at international level and build its market reputation
better than its competitors in marketplace. But on the other hand only 1 manager think that many
challenges caused due to globalisation which is not suitable for well-developed business and put
negative effect progress. Open trade is one of the benefits of globalisation which bring
challenges for business. It is fact that workers suffer a lot due to globalisation specially those
who are less able to compete and adjust themselves in new working environment at global level.
Do you think globalization impact business performance due to increasing competition?
Yes 3
No 2

Figure 4: Do you think globalization impact business performance due to increasing
competition?
Interpretation- Globalisation leads to increase competition, thus competition within
market place is related to services, goods, price and cost, technological adaptation and quick
manufacture by Pret A Manger. 3 managers think that due to increasing competition by
globalisation it put positive impact on company as it makes them stronger and powerful that the
existing firms in new marketplace. With the help of international trade organization raise their
position and set good image within market effectively. Increasing competition in market put
pressure on business thus to make effective marketing strategies and plan via conduct market
research which help to gather more information about other existing companies. Competitive
environment drives business towards productivity and mutual efforts which help to raise position
often results in innovation, increase motivation and creativity required to improve outcomes and
current procedure. Team expect to manufacture higher quality products because of increasing
competition. But other side 2 managers analyse that due to competitive environment most of the
workers' loss their job which put negative impact on company financial performance as well as
others. In industry many people cannot be able to beat others and have fewer skills that create
many barriers for them as personal and professional career growth. As according to 2 managers
competitive environment is external system in which the company functions and competes via
using many tools or strategies. If organization workers do not ready to beat competitors because

of lack of skills and knowledge it impacts on business performance as well as its financial
performance the most.
In what way globalization has contributed in business progress?
Higher revenue 2
Multinational Growth 2
Technology advancement 1
Figure 5: In what way globalization has contributed in business progress?
Interpretation- As discussed above globalisation put positive and negative impact on
company. According to 2 managers globalisation contribute to generate revenues and help to
increased it than past few years which is quite beneficial for Pret A Manger. Globalisation is a
factor that supports to grow business life for longer and help to enter within new marketplace
effectively by following the legal procedure. Due to globalisation business will grow more and
more and achieve their goals and objectives effectively. When organization supplies quality
products to new customers in new market they can be able to higher current revenue. But on the
other side 2 managers among 5 think that globalisation contributes to business as make it a
multinational firm who serve its best services or sell products at international level. It supports to
drive business towards success and growth and make them able to play multi-tasking
performance. Globalisation made it easier for Pret A Manger to start their business within new

market and grow it than before. It helps to increase employment opportunities as well in which
company provide job opportunities to local and residential people. On the other hand 1 manager
feel that globalisation contributes to technology advancement. As it helps to advance technology,
company need to expand their business in which they have to use better technologies and
improve the existing ones according to current trends in IT sector. With the help of advanced
technology Pret A Manger can be able to communicate with its target market and promote their
products with the help of using social media tools.
As per your opinion which of the following is the best mode for entry into international
market for Pret A Manger?
Licensing 2
Joint venture 1
Exporting 1
Franchising 1
Figure 6: As per your opinion which of the following is the best mode for entry into international
market for Pret A Manger?

Interpretation- Globalisation is beneficial for Pret A Manger if they follow all the legal
procedure to enter into international market. 2 managers think that licensing is the best mode and
suitable way to enter into other nation for business purpose. Licensing mode help business to
invest and sell their new or existing products. It is profitable and faster ways to grow company
than by licensing patents, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property to others. 1
manager think that Joint venture mode of entry is better than licensing. It is one of the most
appropriate modes of entry according to 1 manager in which company combine its resources to
sell services or products. Joint venture provides company with partner experience in foreign
market, these business partnerships is difficult to manage but needed to increase profitability
than last 3 years. On the other side 1 manager among 5 believe that product exporting is best
than other modes of entry. While importing goods help Pret A Manger to reduce costs, export
products assure increase sales and sales potential in common. With the help of exporting
company can be able to expand their markets regionally and vision internationally. Exporting
mode is good and suitable for business as it supports to expand business effectively and
smoothly. At last 1 manager think that franchising is the best mode of entry into international
market and make company able to grab the attention of customers and provide opportunity to
stronger their consumer base. Via franchise agreement Pret A Manger can be capable to expand
business and collaborate with existing organization in new market.
Do you think due to globalisation workers performance gets affected within business?
Yes 2
No 3

Figure 7: Do you think due to globalisation workers performance gets affected within business?
Interpretation- Globalisation affects workers performance as they work with Pret a
Manger who wants to expand their business and enter into other country. When organization
expand overseas to nations with the lower standards of living they can access to services and
products at much lower price because of this company increase number of outsources. Although
it is good for business but result in lower wages for employees. 2 managers think that due to
globalisation employees can be able to improve their skills and knowledge as it put positive
effect on its performance and enhance productivity. Due to globalisation there are many changes
happen in business which is appropriate for staff members and provide new development
opportunities to them as to grow professional and personal career. But on the other side 3
managers think that globalisation is not good for staff members, it put negative impact on their
performance as well as business this can results in high employee turnover. Number of people
cannot be able to adopt new working environment and perform within it because of lack of
knowledge and skills which effect their productivity and performance level. Business expansion
procedure is difficult for many people in which they need to change their whole working
structure as professionally or personally. Due to globalisation changes in wages is possible,
people does not get the satisfaction wages or salary as they wish to get after expansion
procedure. Wage gab is increased that is not appropriate for all the staff and other team members,
it decreases their working interest and demotivates them as well.

Do you think that employees of Pret A Manger should be trained while exploring the
international market?
Yes 3
No 2
Figure 8: Do you think that employees of Pret A Manger should be trained while exploring the
international market?
Interpretation- Training is the best program that helps workers learn particular skills or
knowledge to improve working performance in their current roles within Pret A Manger.
Development program is expansive and centring on workers progress and future performance
growth. According to 3 managers if company explore international market and enter into other
nation for commercial purpose they have to provide training to its current as well as new workers
effectively with the help of skilled leaders. Human resource manager make effective training
programs for staff members that help to grow their current skills and developed the new ones
perfectly. With the help of training employees can be able to perform effectively and it increases
job satisfaction and raise morale among workers. Training help to increase efficiencies in
procedures and this resulting in financial gain.

But on the other side 2 managers believe that training is not necessary for workers
because it needs more investment and impact on company financial budgets the most. They think
that training program need more focus and efforts to run it successfully and less focus on other
essential things.

CHAPTER: 5 STAKEHOLDERS DETAILS
Stakeholders are group of people or individual that takes part in research and make it
effective and useful as through their contribution. In simple words stakeholders is organization or
people who have the interest in research project or impact by its results. Those who are less
supportive for research and those who is supportive of it are included in list of different types of
stakeholders. Researcher, author, respondents, auditors and customers or reader are the 5 types of
stakeholder in research.
Researcher-
Researcher is person or someone who help to conduct research for example systematic
and organized investigation about chosen topic. Researcher do research based on specific topic
for advancing and increasing knowledge base. They want to get more information about the
impact on globalisation on business as well as its workers. Researcher gives its essential
contribution in resulting to accomplish the report effectively within the help of using many
methods to seek to get better outcomes. They need to help people and aware them about negative
impact on globalisation upon its businesses performance which is beneficial for them as to grow
consistently.
Author-
Author is the originator or creator of any written work such as play, articles or books and
also consider as the writer. In research we take some information via books, articles and
magazines which is written by the author. With the help of their written books or other
documents research will get the relevant information and resulting better outcomes which help to
complete research. Author is responsible to produce literary compositions, reports, articles and
other texts in which research take as guidelines for accomplishing research effectively.
Respondents-
Respondent is also considered as stakeholder, those people who has participant or invited
in research are known as respondents. They actually take part in research procedure and answer
the simple questions which help to provide final outcomes and relevant to chosen topic.
Researcher focuses on respondents who have level of familiarity with phenomenon under
research. They help to interpret data appropriately and provide better results which are quite
useful and beneficial for overall research. It is very important that researcher chose right people
who actually help in research outcomes.

Auditors-
Auditor is someone who is accountable for measuring reliability and validity of research
data collection. In this research auditor help to evaluate gather information via research and
identify the accuracy of data. They measure data and help to improve it wells before publishing
because it impacts on customer perspectives as well as researcher reputation. Auditors assess all
the relevant data based on topic with the aim of improving effectiveness and efficiency.
Reader or consumers-
Readers are group of people or person who reads and purchase books and articles,
especially one who reads things for pleasure. Researcher books and gather knowledge loved by
many readers and provide more information about particular topic. Reader is also known as
customers, they purchase novels for the publisher. They have clear goal in mind for reading,
perpetually evaluates itself, they look over the content before reading books or novels.
Publisher-
Publisher is the person who helps to publish books or novels written by researcher or
authors. They issue books, journals and other things and sell it in market place effectively.

CHAPTER: 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusion
Form above it has been summarized that globalisation put positive impact on Pret A
Manger and also make negative effect its overall performance. In this research researcher will
choose appropriate research methodologies or used different types of methods that helps to
provide better outcomes. Researcher select 5 qualified manager who helps to interpretation data
and resulting positive reviews. According to few authors globalisation is beneficial and effective
for business but other believe that it put negative effect on workers' productivity and
performance. Researcher uses qualitative and simple random sampling methods as it appropriate
for this research. Readers, authors, researcher, auditor and respondents are the stakeholder in
research and they contribute to accomplish work effectively on time. Researcher follows all the
ethical norms and principles which are essential for constant privacy about their research and
people who are involved within it. In this research researcher conduct primary researcher and
make questionnaire to interpretation information based on topic in which they are interested to
gather relevant data. It has been concluded that inductive research approach and find it as better
than any other approaches. Primary data collection help researcher to gather relevant data with
questionnaire. With the help of graphs and tables they can be able to interpretation information
reliability and effectively. Questionnaire is contained the series of questions concomitant to
research being conducted by researcher. Primary investigation method interrelated with
questionnaire which is very essential in research because it is the most important instrument in
this report consisting of several questions. It prompts for the purpose of collecting information or
data from chosen 5 managers as responses.
6.2 Recommendation-
Secondary data collection procedure is recommended to researcher in this research as it
helps to collect information in depth. With this type of method investigator gather data
individually and able to conduct market research to identify people perspective which help to
provide more knowledge and also help to improve their skills. Researcher must use systematic
random sampling because it ensures that population will evenly sample. They can also use
deductive approach over than inductive which is concerned with developing the hypothesis based
on current content, the aim of deductive approach is testing topic. With the help of deductive

approach research can be able to make appropriate conclusion as based on concordance of
multiple data that is usually assumed to be true. Deductive also called deductive logic, it is the
procedure of reasoning from more common statements respect to what is known to gain the
logically definite conclusion, researcher must use it to prove its hypotheses. Furthermore,
researcher must adopt all the ethics in their style of working which helps to accomplish
investigation effectively and successfully. They should use quantitative data analysis technique
in which researcher measure data with numerical and mathematical ways. Inferential statistics
and Descriptive statistics are the two types of quantitative data analysis. It is the range of
procedures and processes in which researcher have been gathered data into some of explanation,
interpretation or understanding of situations and people they investigate.

CHAPTER: 7 REVIEW OF METHODOLOGY
Researcher chose Interpretivism research philosophy which is suitable for this research,
primary data will easily generate via this philosophy which is associated with the broad level of
validity because information in research tends to be honest and trustworthy. Exploratory
research design is taken by investigator as it helps to increased understanding about topic.
Exploratory is use secondary sources such as published literature, it may well include colleagues,
consumers and patients (Berisha-Shaqiri, 2014). This research design helps to find out
achievable ways to gain better outcomes and helps to achieve investigation objectives.
Exploratory gives answer to questions related to actually administering the costly and big
research project or report. Researcher used qualitative research type which provide detail and
depth information about topic and helps to create openness. They also used Inductive research
approach over than deductive research methods as assume most appropriate for this report.
Ethical consideration is the main and most essential part of this project which must considered
by researcher and follow all the norm included in it in order to accomplish work and gain good
outcomes. It is specified as one of the most beneficial parts of this work. As it helps to determine
difference between unacceptable and acceptable behaviours (Cania, 2014). Ethical standards
prevent researcher against falsifying or fabrication of data and promote pursuit of truth and
knowledge which is main goal of above research. Respect for confidentiality and anonymity as
well as for privacy. Simple random sampling is one of the best method, as it help to ease of
gathering sample. Select the sample fairly from the given population and provide people fair and
equal opportunities or change to being selected. Example of the simple random sample would
name of 26 workers being chosen out of hat from the organization of 260 employees. Researcher
will use qualitative methods which help to explain why the specific response was provided. It
helps to encourage people to elaborate on their responses can open up unique topic area but not
initially reasoned.

CHAPTER: 8 PERSONAL REFLECTIONS
Research improves current knowledge and also helps to developed the new ones, with the
help of conducting investigation I can be able to improve my skills and understand how to
conduct research successfully. I can provide better knowledge about chosen topic as
globalisation impact on business performance effectively because with the help of deep
understanding I can be able to gather more information about it. My skills and knowledge is
much better than previous and I will be capable to deal with any circumstance during conducting
market research. I can understand how to used different types of RM methods and other as well
as which help to give positive results. With the help of this research I will be able to understand
how to gather data which source is appropriate and how are the respondents. It helps to gaining
academic experience that help to elaborate my characteristics such as working with research
team, presenting at researcher conferences. I can be able to communicate with other people via
improving my communication skills which help to build good relationship. I can be capable to
take effective decision and make plan after analysing situations and demand in investigation. I
can be able to set aim and objectives in this research about chosen topic which is the main and
starting point of this report. Objectives define state of overall aim of this project which is to
taken me closer to solving larger research issues and overall objective which carry out
investigation report. I can be able to state overall purpose and start report by coming up with
reason I carrying out work. With the help of improved skills I can be capable to write main tasks
and interpretate data that help to achieve overall intent. When I write Literature review I can be
able to break town the information into sub parts and effectively. Via reading novels and books I
can gather more data which is beneficial for overall research as conducted by me efficiently. For
accomplish this research report I must ready and chose appropriate and useful information which
need to be related to chosen topic or subject. I can be able to managed my time and make proper
schedule for completing this report with the help of many stakeholders such as auditor, publisher
and others. I can be able to find out everything in LR relevant to purpose of this project and add
substance to work effectively. I right executive summary of this project and place it at the
beginning of my work that helps reader to ready short overview of everything that is in the work
or in this project. I can explain what my project is about and why I chose it and can be able to
refer factors from the proposal and also explain how focus has changed and why. I can be

capable to define the whole background of this section include additional information about the
topic. I wrote Literature review where I extend preliminary LR that I carried out for project. I
will give more suggestion and use many methods from project so long as they still relevant.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bayraktar, A. and Oly Ndubisi, N., 2014. The role of organizational mindfulness in firms’
globalization and global market performance. Journal of Research in Marketing and
Entrepreneurship. 16(1). pp.26-46.
Berisha-Shaqiri, A., 2014. Impact of information technology and internet in
businesses. Information technology. p.Q2.
Cania, L., 2014. The impact of strategic human resource management on organizational
performance. Economia. Seria Management. 17(2). pp.373-383.
Chen, L., Tang, O. and Feldmann, A., 2015. Applying GRI reports for the investigation of
environmental management practices and company performance in Sweden, China and
India. Journal of Cleaner Production. 98. pp.36-46.
Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and
sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
De Jong, G. and van Houten, J., 2014. The impact of MNE cultural diversity on the
internationalization-performance relationship: Theory and evidence from European
multinational enterprises. International Business Review. 23(1). pp.313-326.
Falahat, M. and Migin, M.W., 2017. Export performance of international new ventures in
emerging market. International Journal of Business and Globalisation. 19(1). pp.111-
125.
Foss, N.J. and et.al., 2015. Why complementary HRM practices impact performance: The case
of rewards, job design, and work climate in a knowledge‐sharing context. Human
Resource Management. 54(6). pp.955-976.
Hall, E.H. and Lee, J., 2014. Assessing the impact of firm reputation on performance: an
international point of view. International Business Research. 7(12). p.1.
Imran, M. and Tanveer, A., 2015. Impact of training & development on employees’ performance
in banks of pakistan. European journal of training and development studies. 3(1).
pp.22-44.
Kalkan, A., Bozkurt, Ö.Ç. and Arman, M., 2014. The impacts of intellectual capital, innovation
and organizational strategy on firm performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences. 150. pp.700-707.
Kumar, R., Singh, R.K. and Shankar, R., 2015. Critical success factors for implementation of
supply chain management in Indian small and medium enterprises and their impact on
performance. IIMB Management review. 27(2). pp.92-104.
Kumar, V. and et.al., 2017. The impact of supply chain integration on performance: Evidence
from the UK food sector. Procedia Manufacturing. 11. pp.814-821.
Narwal, K.P. and Jindal, S., 2015. The impact of corporate governance on the profitability: An
empirical study of Indian textile industry. International Journal of Research in
Management, Science & Technology. 3(2). pp.81-85.
Payonk, K., Lyashenko, V. and Kvilinskyi, O., 2015. Operation of a business entity in the
context of globalization. Экономический вестник Донбасса. (4 (42)).
Quatraro, F. and Vivarelli, M., 2014. Drivers of entrepreneurship and post-entry performance of
newborn firms in developing countries. The World Bank Research Observer. 30(2).
pp.277-305.

Reijonen, H. and et.al., 2015. The impact of entrepreneurial orientation on B2B branding and
business growth in emerging markets. Industrial Marketing Management. 51. pp.35-46.
Sabherwal, R. and Jeyaraj, A., 2015. Information Technology Impacts on Firm Performance: An
Extension of Kohli and Devaraj (2003). MIS quarterly. 39(4). pp.809-836.
Sajuyigbe, A.S., Alabi, E. and Adewale, A.J., 2016. Globalization and its Effects on the
Performance of Small Scale Businesses in Nigeria. International Journal of Finance
and Management in Practice. 4(1). pp.18-24.
Santoro, G., Vrontis, D. and Pastore, A., 2017. External knowledge sourcing and new product
development: evidence from the Italian food and beverage industry. British Food
Journal. 119(11). pp.2373-2387.
Shenkar, O., Luo, Y. and Chi, T., 2014. International business. Routledge.
Wetherly, P. and Otter, D. eds., 2014. The business environment: themes and issues in a
globalizing world. Oxford University Press.
Wheelen, T.L. and et.al., 2017. Strategic management and business policy (p. 55). Boston:
pearson.
Zouaghi, F. and Sánchez, M., 2016. Has the global financial crisis had different effects on
innovation performance in the agri-food sector by comparison to the rest of the
economy?. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 50. pp.230-242.
Eriksson, K., Majkgård, A. and Sharma, D.D., 2015. Experiential knowledge and cost in the
internationalization process. In Knowledge, Networks and Power (pp. 41-63). Palgrave
Macmillan, London.
Hennart, J.F. and Slangen, A.H., 2015. Yes, we really do need more entry mode studies! A
commentary on Shaver. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(1), pp.114-122.
Tulung, J.E., 2017. Resource Availability and Firm’s International Strategy as Key Determinants
Of Entry Mode Choice. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 15(1), pp.160-168.
Ang, S.H., Benischke, M.H. and Doh, J.P., 2015. The interactions of institutions on foreign
market entry mode. Strategic Management Journal, 36(10), pp.1536-1553.
Hohenthal, J., Johanson, J. and Johanson, M., 2015. Network knowledge and business-
relationship value in the foreign market. In Knowledge, Networks and Power (pp. 187-
224). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Hollender, L., Zapkau, F.B. and Schwens, C., 2017. SME foreign market entry mode choice and
foreign venture performance: The moderating effect of international experience and
product adaptation. International Business Review, 26(2), pp.250-263.
Kraus, S., Eggers, F. and Cesinger, B., 2015. Distance and perceptions of risk in
internationalization decisions. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), pp.1501-1505.
Hernández, V. and Nieto, M.J., 2015. The effect of the magnitude and direction of institutional
distance on the choice of international entry modes. Journal of World Business, 50(1),
pp.122-132.
Boellis, A., Minichilli, A. and Piscitello, L., 2016. Family involvement and firms’ establishment
mode choice in foreign markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 47(8),
pp.929-950.
Online
Modes of Entry into International Business. 2017. [Online]. Available through :
<https://www.superheuristics.com/5-modes-of-entry-into-international-markets/>.

The Economic Benefits of Globalization for Business and Consumers. 2016. [Online]. Available
through : <http://ecipe.org/publications/the-economic-benefits-of-globalization-for-
business-and-consumers/>.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://ecipe.org/publications/the-economic-benefits-of-globalization-for-business-and-
consumers/
https://www.superheuristics.com/5-modes-of-entry-into-international-markets/
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137508829_2
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/jibs.2014.39
https://jurnaljam.ub.ac.id/index.php/jam/article/view/916
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smj.2295
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0007650315584317
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296315000557
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090951614000200
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969593114001516
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/jibs.2016.23