ACR301 - Global Crime, Criminal Justice, Human Rights: An. Biblio.

This annotated bibliography provides a compilation of scholarly and primary sources relevant to the research question: "What can be done by human rights defenders and other organizations to curb global crime and ensure criminal justice?" The bibliography includes summaries of eight resources, detailing their contributions to understanding topics such as human trafficking, organized global crime, the impact of globalization on crime, and strategies for combating transnational crime. Each annotation includes a brief overview of the resource's main points and explains how it will assist in answering the research question, focusing on areas like transnational policing, mutual aid, consular help, extradition, prisoner transfers, and the importance of international cooperation in addressing global criminal activities. The resources offer various perspectives on how nations can minimize state-organized crimes, promote criminal justice, and develop effective strategies for transnational cooperation.

ACR301
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Research question
What can be done by human rights defenders and other organisations to curb global crime and
ensure criminal justice?
Research question retrieved from’ the following files provided
A.3140905_237571188_CorporateTransnationalCrime.pdf
Kennedy, S and Warren, I 2018. Southern Criminology, Law and the ‘Right'to Consular
Notification in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. International Journal for Crime,
Justice and Social Democracy,vol.33,no 1, pp.100-114.Psychology source complete database.
B. 3140910_2112261083_TransnationalCrime1-3129.pdf
Combating transnational crime concepts,activities and respoines by phil willimas and Dimtri vlassis
Vlassis, D and Williams, P 2013. Combating transnational crime: concepts, activities, and
responses. Brookings institution press,Cambridge,MA
Annotated bibliography
1. Aas, KF, (eds) 2013, Globalization and crime, SAGE Publications Limited,retrieved 20
october 2012,Ebook Library database.
The resource is ideal since it contributes to various established topics such as human trafficking,
smuggling, illegal migrations of people and also organized global crime. According Aas (2013)
it is also significant as it deeply delves in new regions and extensively explores the challenges
revolving around global criminal justice, comparative criminology issues and contributions of
human rights defenders (Aas 2013, p.67). This source will help me answer my research question

since it is dedicated to the effect that the war on terror has on the existing rule of law. In this
case, it offers various strategies and recommendations on how nations can minimize state
organized crimes and promote criminal justice.
2. Albanese, J S 2011, Transnational crime and the 21st century: Criminal enterprise,
corruption, and opportunity, Oxford University Press,Cambridge,MA
According to this peer-reviewed source there exist various shared crime challenges that
adversely face many nations across the world. It is therefore important for human rights
defenders to understand and develop meaningful strategies to act as responses in curbing
transnational organized crime is mainly related to both economic and social harm (Albanese
2011,p.55). This particular resource is important as it offers a directive in answering my
research question through emphasizing in the need for nations and human right organizations to
dictate its own state legal affairs without external interference. In this way, they will be able to
devise ways of transnational cooperation and reconciliation on matters involving legal, policing,
long term, strategies' and punishment concepts between various states regarding the rule of law
and criminal justice.
3. Freidrichs, D.O 2010, Mortgage origination fraud and the global economic crisis: Journal of
Incremental versus transformative policy initiatives,vol.33,no.1,pp. 627-650.

This paper discusses the phenomenon of increasing interrelationship between globalization
controversies and national crime in society. It offers ley contemporary and theoretical
approaches to globalization and organizes criminal activities and criminal justice (Freidrichs
2010, p.627). This resource is important since it offers me an understanding of various ways in
which global inequality usually determine contemporary organized criminal operations control
strategies and the existing notion regarding the deprivation of human rights and social exclusion.
According to Freidrichs (2010) some of the social vices dealt with include huge human and drug
trafficking issues. Conversely, utilizing strategies to fight crime improve the economic sector,
political and neoliberalism concepts is very crucial.
4. Jens Ludwig,"Machine Learning in the Criminal Justice System" ,viwing online,vol.
8,no.2,retrived 8 June 2018<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XI1RUNPh8cg>
This video deals with several state strategies in international organized crime that is mostly based
on human rights treaties and relationships.Jens Ludwig (2018) states that these include strategies
such as transnational policing, mutual aid, consular help, extradition and prisoner transfers that
ensure crime is highly regulated .This video resource is helpful since it offers a clear
understanding of the various techniques and policies enacted in fighting transnational crime and
ensuring criminal justice. It is, therefore, best suited for my research question as it discusses
these factors in a detailed and comprehensive manner.
5. Vlassis, D and Williams, P 2013. Combating transnational crime: concepts, activities, and
responses. Brookings institution press, vol.40, no. 71, pp.110-134.

This is a comprehensive guide which contributes to research topics involving challenges faced
while examining white collar crimes, the main focus of criminal activities and the required legal
and criminal justice strategic responses to the existing international crime. Some of the white
collar crime-related activities highlighted include salary theft, fraud, corruption, and bribery
schemes, forgery of important documents, theft involving personal identity, cybercrimes, cash
laundering activities and embezzlement of office funds (Vlassis & Williams,2013. Therefore this
resource is important in helping me get a clear understanding of best answering this research
question. This is because it offers a clear overview of the need to acquire strategies required to
curb these white collar crimes in order to ensure that individuals who are innocent do not suffer
in the hands of malicious people.
6. Friedrichs, O ,Friedrichs 2017, Trusted Criminals:Journal of White collar crime in
contemporary society,vol.57,no.2,pp.56-76.

This resource provides a case study regarding two bankers who were charged with securities,
mail, and wire fraudulent activities in a court of law as they had lied to entrepreneurs
contributing to a loss of investment cash and prime mortgage marker reduction. This typically
involves the economic related crime across the international dimension such as defrauding large
companies and investors by selling of policies that are highly overpriced (Freidrichs
2010,p.627)This particular resource is helpful since it deals with offers contributions of world
leaders in combating crime that often lower business activities and affects the global market
economy. It addresses this question in a convenient manner by offering recommendations and
techniques of reducing economic criminal activities that reduce unfair play in the business
industry across the world.
7. Kennedy, S & Warren, I 2018, Southern Criminology, Law and the ‘Right'to Consular
Notification in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. International Journal for Crime,
Justice and Social Democracy,vol.33,no. 1, pp.100-114,retrieved 4 nov 2017,Psychology source
complete database.
This paper deals with the implementation of the existing article 36 of Vienna Convention on
Consular Relations in various countries such as Australia, New Zealand, and the US through
utilization of a technique to evaluate the land law on criminal justice. Haken (2011) suggests that
its main contribution involves discussing on the significance of defendant centered criminology
of existing law in a bid to extensively evaluate the establishment of key global legal needs into
practice (Kennedy & Warren 2018, p.100). This particular resource will help me answer the
research question since it puts an emphasis on the critical evaluation of global responses to
crimes by foreign individuals. It also offers knowledge and a wide range of criminological

strategies that help on reflection and decision making in enacting policies that solve international
crimes and maintain a balance between fundamental human rights and criminal justice.
8. Haken, J 2011 a, Transnational crime in the developing world,Routledge,London.-2011b,On
Global financial integrity,Routledge,London
The source contributes to techniques of combating crime. The authors have revealed apt
operations that will give maximum response in case of occurrence of a particular international
crime activity. The source also it has indicated how transnational crimes have increased for the
last three years. It is now difficult to manage the negative effects associated with transnational
crimes. The article recommends that the overall international community should come together
in order to struggle and fight against crime (Vlassis & Williams 2013, p.122).Therefore, the
source should be utilized so as to capture international relation laws that will handle crimes.

References
Peer reviewed/scholarly sources
Aas, KF, (eds) 2013, Globalization and crime, SAGE Publications Limited,retrieved 20 october
2012,Ebook Library database.
Albanese, J S 2011, Transnational crime and the 21st century: Criminal enterprise, corruption,
and opportunity, Oxford University Press,Cambridge,MA
Freidrichs, D.O 2010, Mortgage origination fraud and the global economic crisis: Journal of
Incremental versus transformative policy initiatives,vol.33,no.1,pp. 627-650.
Friedrichs, O.Friedrichs 2017, Trusted Criminals:Journal of White collar crime in contemporary
society,vol.57,no.2,pp.56-76.
Kennedy, S & Warren, I 2018, Southern Criminology, Law and the ‘Right'to Consular
Notification in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. International Journal for Crime,
Justice and Social Democracy,vol.33,no. 1, pp.100-114,retrieved 4 nov 2017,Psychology source
complete database.
Vlassis, D and Williams, P 2013. Combating transnational crime: concepts, activities, and
responses. Brookings institution press, vol.40, no. 71, pp.110-134.
Primary source

Jens Ludwig,"Machine Learning in the Criminal Justice System" ,viwing online,vol.
8,no.2,retrived 8 June 2018<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XI1RUNPh8cg
>
Haken, J 2011 a, Transnational crime in the developing world,Routledge,London.-2011b,On
Global financial integrity,Routledge,London