This essay delves into the intricacies of the global economy, commencing with an exploration of negative interest rates, their introduction by central banks, and the associated risks. The analysis highlights the unconventional monetary policy's aims, its impact on lending, and the potential pitfalls such as money illusion and challenges to bank profitability. Subsequently, the essay transitions to a comparative study of China and India, the world's two most populous nations, assessing their political economies. It emphasizes the strengths of each, such as China's focus on technology and India's agricultural sector, while also addressing weaknesses like income inequality and environmental degradation. The comparison extends to the impact of rapid growth, structural changes, and the role of agricultural development in both countries. The essay concludes by underscoring the importance of economic liberalization and the need for strategic policies to navigate the challenges and capitalize on opportunities within the global economic landscape.