HI6005 - Management and Organizations in a Global Environment Analysis

This report provides an overview of management and organizations in a global environment, focusing on the relationship between management and other academic disciplines, management theories, and historical contributions. It also examines contingency management approaches and current trends in management practices. The report analyzes globalization and national culture, highlighting factors affecting globalization and perspectives from Giddens and Ghjemawat. Cultural differences and research by Hofstede and Trompenaar are also discussed, emphasizing the impact of national culture on organizational operations and the importance of understanding cultural nuances in the global market. The integration of management theory involves process, systems, and contingency approaches, with current trends including total quality management, workforce diversity, and innovation.

Running head: MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Executive Summary
The first activity highlights on the study of management and organizations. This section provides
an overview on the relationship of management to other academic areas of study. It also
elucidates on the management theories and main historical contributions to the management.
Furthermore, the contingency management approaches and present trends in the management
practice are also discussed in this assignment. The second activity analyzes on the nature of
globalization and national culture. This activity focuses on the factors affecting globalization and
the views of Giddens and Ghjemawat on globalization. The differences in culture and research in
national culture by Hofstede and Trompenaar is also discussed in this activity.

2MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Table of contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
E learning Activities........................................................................................................................4
Activity 1- Activity Title- The study of Management and Organizations.......................................4
Activity 2- Activity Title-The Nature of Globalisation: National Culture......................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9

3MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
The study focuses on the management and the organizations in the global environment.
Over the past few decades, there has been rapid change in organization planning and global
management regarding socio- political and technological perspective. The management strategies
are generally rethinking by every kinds of enterprise such as military, research and development,
healthcare, education etc. Owing to some main issues faced by the organizations including
competition over scarce resources, high quality demand, they are implementing these strategies
in order to operate efficiently in challenging global market.
E learning Activities
Activity 1- Activity Title- The study of Management and Organizations
Different academic fields of study including anthropology, economics, philosophy,
political science, sociology, psychology influences the management within a particular
organization. Anthropology refers to the study of societies, human behavior and cultures in past
and present. This study makes contributions to different areas of management involving- expats
management, wellness management, change management and recruitment and selection process
(Schermerhorn 2014). The study of economics involving allocation and distribution of scarce
resources also impacts the management since they are wholly responsible for allocating
resources effectively for matching the target of enterprise. Philosophy study impacts the
management in employees rehabilitation, good governance, improvement in morale, culture etc.
Political science study reflects attitude and behavior of managers and employees impacting the
work culture and management practices. The study of psychology explains the change of human

4MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
behavior, which influences the management as it helps to understand change in employee’s
behavior towards work. Sociology study helps to evaluate managerial process in different kinds
of societies.
The history of management theories highlights that in Egypt there were subordinates who
used to organize their slaves and subordinates for building pyramids and cities. Even the
Egyptian pharaohs had their long term advisors as well as planners like that of contemporaries in
China. In China, the military organizations used these principles in their early dynasties. Sun Tzu
have emphasized on the importance of planning in his military strategies for wining a war. Few
aspects of Sun Tzu military strategies are also used by firms for achieving larger
competitiveness. Even Chanakya Kautilya teachings were basically applicable for the modern
management principles. The management style adopted by Chanakya Kautilya is hiring staff
through the interview procedure. Adam Smith observations about division of workers from the
management perspective are vital as a means of enhancing productivity as well as efficiency.
Furthermore, there are various kinds of management theories that enterprises uses in managing
business operations. Some of them includes- scientific management, general administrative
theories, quantitative approach and organizational behavior. Scientific management refers to the
management theory that assesses as well as synthesizes workflows (Nwagbara and Reid 2013).
Its basic objective is to improve efficiency in economy especially productivity of labor. This
management is also known as Taylorism after the name of founder Winslow Taylor. This theory
is based on three principles including- observation, experimentation and rational motivation
(McGrath and Bates 2017). General administrative theory was developed by Fayol and was
given bureaucratic approach by Weber. Fayol theory has been considered to be applicable for
managing personnel in enterprise. Fayol’s management function involves planning, organizing,

5MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
commanding, coordinating and controlling. The management theory of Fayol was based on few
principles involving- division of work, authority, discipline, unity of command, unity of
direction, subordination of people’s interest to common interest, personnel remuneration,
centralization, scalar chainorder, equity, stability of personnel tenure, spirit de corps. Max Weber
general administrative theory was based on bureaucratic approach. The principles of Webers’s
approach was based on the few principles involving-chain of command, selection of the
personnel, application of complete rules, selection as well as promotion of individuals based on
qualifications. Quantitative approach to the management mainly incorporates several numeric as
well as analytical techniques into the management methods. One of the areas that is considered
in the qualitative management theory is management science also known as operations research.
This specific area applies statisyical techniques and mathematical models in management
decision making. Organizational behavior approach involves early advocates, Hawthorne studies,
human relations movement and behavioral science theorist. Hawthrone studies were mainly
conducted with laborers at Hawthrone plant. This plant consist of illumination experiments, relay
assembly test room, interviewing program and bank wiring observation room. According to this
study, physical work condition was not affected by the production level. Human relation
movement signifies the researchers of enterprise development who mainly studies behavior of
laborers in groups. Behavioral science theorists involve theory of both sociologists and
psychologists. Psychologist theory includes leadership, job design and employee’s motivation
approaches while sociologist theory involves power, conflict and enterprise design. The
integration of management theory in organization involves three approaches – process, systems
and contingency approach (Lasserre 2017). The present trends in management practices involve
total quality management, workforce diversity, innovation, spirituality etc.

6MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Activity 2- Activity Title-The Nature of Globalisation: National Culture
Globalization influences business approach of every organization mainly that operates on
global scale. There are few factors that impacts globalization including- economic, cultural, and
legal political (Baylis et al. 2017). The economies of the specific sector or trade are a vital factor
that affects globalization. The political problems of the nation usually make globalization
channelized according to political bosses. However, the agreements of regional trade influence
globalization. National cultural and national value also affects globalization. Both the domestic
nation’s as well as foreign nation’s culture affects the globalization (Kofman and Youngs 2008)
For example, Ganong Brothers one of the Canda’s oldest candy manufacturers has made free
trade agreements with US in an attempt to sell their product such as jelly beans. As tariff has not
been applied on this product owing to free trade agreements, this enterprise was influenced by
globalization. Similarly, Rio Tinto a transnational mining as well as resource group also faced
several challenges due to globalization. Cultural differences still continues despite globalization
of markets. These differences often pose huge difficulties in foreign negotiations as well as
marketing management. For instance, the nation culture differences highlights that value in US
culture on hard work leading to success is different from alternate value of other nations on hard
work not prerequisite for success of enterprise (Isiaka, Sulaiman and Issa 2016). However, this
differences impact the motivation and reward of employees provided by enterprise. Additionally,
the difference between US culture and other nations culture on honoring commitment of
employees also impacts negotiation with organization. Furthermore, differences in US culture
and other nations on effective management of time affects long and short term planning of firms.
The impact of loyalty commitment and motivation in US firms is different from that of other
nations. This is because in US culture organization is basic obligation while in other nation

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family is basic obligation. There are four factors that leads to globalization trend involving-
business expansion, pressure from industrialized countries, improvement in communication and
business methods. Different experts have different views on globalization. James Shikwati views
that globalization is trade and not aid while Anthony views that globalization affects capital
market performance, effect on personal lives and scale of application. Pankaj Ghemawat view is
that economic integration and national integration leads to semi- globalization. Hofstede
framework of nation culture has fee dimensions including- power distance, uncertainty
avoidance, time orientation, individualism vs collectivism , quantity vs quality of life.
Trompenaar framework on national culture is based on seven variables involving- specific vs
diffuse, universalism vs particularism, neutral vs emotional, individualism vs communitarians,
sequential vs synchronic and internal vs external (Bãlan and Vreja 2013).
Conclusion
The activity 1 reflects that the present trends in the management practice are better than
historical management practice. The different approaches adopted by management at present
helps to improve productivity and performance of organizations. It also helps these firms to
expand their business in the global market. The activity 2 reflects that differences in national
culture impacts the operations of management of the enterprise. The effect of globalizing the
cultural trends on varied national cultures has been becoming the major issues at present.
However, Hofstede and Tromprenaars framework of culture must be used by enterprise to
understand culture of natiosn.

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References
Bãlan, S. and Vreja, L.O., 2013. The Trompenaars’ seven-dimension cultural model and cultural
orientations of Romanian students in management. In Proceedings of the 7th International
Management Conference" New Management for the New Economy", November 7th-8th,
Bucharest, Romania.
Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P. eds., 2017. The globalization of world politics: an
introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press.
Doney, P.M., Cannon, J.P. and Mullen, M.R., 1998. Understanding the influence of national
culture on the development of trust. Academy of management review, 23(3), pp.601-620.
Isiaka, S.B., Sulaiman, A.A. and Issa, O., 2016. National Culture Dimensions: A Review of
Precepts Affecting The Nigerian Management Context. AL-HIKMAH MANAGEMENT REVIEW,
p.82.
Kofman, E. and Youngs, G. eds., 2008. Globalization: Theory and practice. A&C Black.
Lasserre, P., 2017. Global strategic management. Palgrave.
McGrath, J. and Bates, B., 2017. The Little Book of Big Management Theories:... and how to use
them. Pearson UK.
Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014. Managing cultural differences. Routledge.
Nwagbara, U. and Reid, P., 2013. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Management
Trends: Changing Times and Changing Strategies. Economic Insights-Trends &
Challenges, 65(2).

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Schermerhorn, J., Davidson, P., Poole, D., Woods, P., Simon, A. and McBarron, E.,
2014. Management: Foundations and Applications (2nd Asia-Pacific Edition). John Wiley &
Sons.