Globalization: Cause and Cure of Global Health Problems

Desklib provides solved assignments and past papers to help students succeed.

GLOBALISATION: CAUSE AND
CURE OF GLOBAL HEALTH
PROBLEMS
1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 3
LO1.................................................................................................................................................4
LO2.................................................................................................................................................6
LO3.................................................................................................................................................8
LO4.................................................................................................................................................9
LO6............................................................................................................................................... 12
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................... 14
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................15
2

INTRODUCTION
Globalization is the process of interaction among the company’s, nations and government of
the different country. Globalization generally means making relation around the globe with the
economic expansion to grow the country’s wealth and be aware of the different technologies
and changes around the world. In general, globalization is the economic process in which, the
exchange of goods and services are involved. Although it is not only limited to the goods and
service, it also involves technology and data exchange. The basic facets of globalization
identified by the IMF (International Monetary Funds) are; Trade and transaction, Capital flow
and investment movements, migration and movement of people, Dissemination of knowledge
(Beck, 2018).
Globalization has been increased so much in the past decade due to advance transportation
and communication technology. The steam locomotive, steam, jet engine and the container
ship are some of the advanced transportation options, due to which the globalization is more
feasible nowadays. As well as technological advancement also played a major role in the
globalization. Removal of the Cross-Border trade barriers also helped in the feasible flow in the
global markets. Globalization can affect the local business in both ways (profit and loss). As the
globalization is increasing day by day, it is also impacting in various areas like economic,
political, social, and culture. With the increasing power, it is affecting the personal and
professional life of the people too. Globalization can be seen as the cause and cure for global
health problems (Beck, 2018).
3

LO1
Globalization tells about the integration of economies and societies through the exchanges of
information, technologies, ideas, finance and people. Globalization also shows that the world is
more connected than it was before. The main motto behind the globalization is to increase the
connectivity among the countries. And through the cross border integration, it has become
more and more feasible. The cross borer integration has opened the gate for several
dimensions like economic, social, political and cultural. Globalization is the term which is mainly
related to the economic growth of the countries but it is also affecting the other factors too like
economic, social and political. There is a huge effect of the globalization on the societies in both
the ways, economic and cultural. There is a movement of people from one country to another
country known as immigration (Hirst et al., 2015).
As there is immigration in things like economic as well as cultural so it is also affecting the
mental health of people as well as the societies. The immigration of people from the village to
the city has been increased and people are more developed now. Cities or countries are also
developing new technologies. The technological changes are very rapid nowadays; people are
adapting to other countries culture and trying to be fit in that due to globalization. Globalization
is affecting the societies and their health in good and bad, both the manners (Hirst et al., 2015).
In a good manner, the societies are growing because of the globalization, people can use the
new technologies and trends in their work and aware about the changes in the world, in a bad
manner it is affecting the cultural values of the societies, people are adapting other countries
culture. Globalization has also affected socialite's health, at first it is only determined that
globalization is the cure for global health problems; it is true in many ways. The global
transportation has made medical science much more advance, it has saved thousands of people
lives. But there is also a downside to the health due to directly or indirectly because of
globalization. This is because the mobility of people across the borders is increasing day by day
and the infectious diseases are the threat for everyone. Moreover, it can be said that
globalization is neither good or bed in terms of health (Say et al., 2014).
4

According to the Richard Feachem, globalization has an overall good impact on the people’s
health as it is providing the economic growth for the countries and the people in the country so
the income of poor is increasing. The economic condition of the country plays a main role in the
health of the country if the country is strong economically than they can use the best
equipment for the health-related issue (Jamison et al., 2013).
5

LO2
The global health is related to health care in the international context. The study of global
health includes the research and practising of medicine to improve the health of people around
the world. The global health initiative includes medical as well as the non-medical disciplines,
like sociology, public policies, cultural studies and the environmental factors (Hirst et al., 2015).
The global health issues are as follows;
 Pandemics
A pandemic is a worldwide spread disease, it occurs when a virus is merged or speeded
around the world. The pandemics are increasing every year and these issues can’t be
solved. These can only be solved by taking care of health education, agricultural practices
and taking care of one’s self. Some examples of the pandemic are HIV, ebola, and severe
acute respiratory syndrome (sars) etc.
 Environmental factors
The globalization is leading to a change in the climate, which is the cause of pollution and
pollution is the cause of health problems. Globalisation leads to technological increment
which leads to more and more environmental pollution, which is affecting people’s health
(Kamper et al., 2010).
 Economic disparities and access to health care
The world is globalized but still, there is a lack of health care education. In the many parts of
the world, people are not aware of the cause and cure of the diseases. Another disparity is
because of income inequality. To solve these issues it is necessary to provide health
education in every part of the world (Kamper et al., 2010).
 Non-communicable diseases
70% reason for the deaths worldwide in non-communicable diseases. These are heart
diseases, cancer, diabetes etc… cause of this disease can be genetic, physiological or
environmental.
6

Global health transitions
The landscape of the health would not be similar as today in the next 5- 10 years from. The
transition in the global health is occurring in many ways, these changes could be programmatic
as well as economic. The two major transitions which are occurring in the global health are
economic, programmatic and epidemiologic transitions. The economic and epidemiologic
transitions are occurring in the environment, which is providing the opportunity to help in
international health. The changes are known as health transitions. The global health transition
is the result of the efforts for the international organization to help in improving medical
science. These efforts are very helpful in some countries which resulted in the improved
medical services, decreased birth rate and reduced infant mortality (Naghavi et al., 2014).
7

LO3
The national and global responses are very important and effective for the global health issues.
As the global health issues requires both global and national responses to solve all the health
related issues. These issues require professional and cooperative solution which involves
governments and non-profit organizations. Only by the responses given by the national and
global organizations the health issues can be overcome. Because these issues are very huge and
needs corporation of all the countries, in the global response the countries need to work on
medicines more. The health issues are around the globe and each and every one needs support,
in this scenario as the era is of the globalization and every country is connected with the other
through the technology as well as through the transportation, it is very easy to communicate
with each other. The medical education should be spread in the different parts of the world to
aware the people about the harms that can be caused by the global health issues. Another
method which could be used for the global response to global health problems is by
establishing the network around the medical centres and institutions of the world, and this
could be easily done through the internet.
National response also plays a major role in the global health issues as the help is provided on
the national and global both the levels. It is not necessary that the other countries are only
providing the medical help if the relation with the country is good than they can also provide
the financial help ((Naghavi et al., 2014).).
The global health issues are dangerous for all the countries and the globalization is the cure for
these issues, as the globalization is the way to connect different countries and exchanging the
goods and services so if any country is facing the health related issues than the other country or
nation can provide them help with the technology (Hirst et al., 2015).
8

LO4
The globalization and the health have been defined as the interlinked factors defining the
multiple set of players. Globalization can affect the local business in both ways (profit and loss).
As the globalization is increasing day by day, it is also impacting in various areas like economic,
political, social, and culture. With the increasing power, it is affecting the personal and
professional life of the people too. Globalization can be seen as the cause and cure for global
health problems (Beck, 2018).
The two major models which have been defined in order to maintain the proper relation
between the health and globalization are defined as follows:
MULTI-LEVEL FRAMEWORK: This type of the framework includes the determination of the
health and the factors affecting the living conditions of the people in terms of the positive and
negative way. This type of framework is developed on the basis of including the three major
steps defining the concept of health population and identifying its major components. This type
of framework helps in identifying the features and constructs the model defining the impact of
globalization and the population of health. The human health has been affected by the social,
cultural and the economic factors (Detels et al., 2015).
This type of the framework helps in defining the physical aspects of the people such as
mortality and morbidity. In order to make accurate differentiation along with the varying nature
and background, the traditional differentiation has been made among the social and cultural
factors. The chain which leads to the rise of the events is based over the distal causes and
proximal causes to cause the disease or health gain. The analysis of the selected health models
provides the way to identify the major features of the health related to the globalization.
Health can also be enhanced by using the multi-nature, multi-level determinants such as the ill
health can affect negatively over the economic development and growth of the country (Quinn
et al., 2016.).
9

Figure 1: Multi-level and Multi-nature framework in health
Source: (Quinn et al., 2016.)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: In terms of defining the factors such as the social cultures, trade
and economic development by implementing the model of the conceptual framework, another
set of the factors affecting the health of the people by globalization has been defined by
including the Conceptual Framework. This type of the framework helps in linking the identified
set of the factors with the components of the globalization affecting the health factors of
globalization. It provides the way of identifying the gaps and providing the structure for the
research. It defines the comprehensive studies which defines the impact of the globalization on
health in negative and positive way (Fidler, 2016).
Figure 2: Conceptual Framework
Source: (Frenk and Gómez-Dantés, 2017)
This type of the framework helps in defining the development factors which affects over the
people of the country. It is based over the precepts of the health associated with the individual
10

and population patterns of the disease having the casual mechanism. These type fo the
pathways includes the evolution of the health and social care. This type of the framework
provides the linkage of the material such as social, economic and other phenomenon among
four vectors. These vectors are defined as the basic elements defining the health of the people.
It is based over the assumption that both individual pathologies and their patterning group
have causes.
DEVELOPED FRAMEWORK: In this type of the framework, various links among the specific
features of the health and globalization can be determined. It defines the fact that the
globalization is autonomous process in which it has been affected by many types of
components. This type of the framework includes feedback in relation with the proximal and
distal level. These levels also interact with each other which add complexity to the model. The
health of the people affected by the globalization has been evaluated by the developmental
framework (Frenk and Gómez-Dantés, 2017).
This type of framework helps in strengthening the governance and leadership defining the scale
up workforce over the planning and public health ability. It serves as the effective framework in
enhancing the quality of systems associated with the health.
The set of the above-defined frameworks enables the ways in which the health of the people
can be maintained by defining the procedures and policies related to the globalization. One of
the most popular systems used for the evaluation of the health is the use of the e-health
system. It helps in the delivery of the services in global form by using the best technology for
information transfer (Fidler, 2016).
11

LO6
In terms of defining the impact of globalization the models such as the development,
conceptual and multi-level models have been effectively included. The globalization has
affected the health of the people in both positive and negative ways. The increase in the
pathogen flows has been identified from the movement of the people from one place to
another. This has resulted in the rise of the risk associated with the pandemic influenza and
drug resistant tuberculosis (Memish et al., 2019). The global trade has defined the rise in the
set of the diseases which include the spread of the pests and rise in the number of the
infectious diseases caused by the pest and other microorganisms. The increases the flows of the
information with the advancement in telecommunication and computing have provided the
new structure to the globalization. It has increased the spreading of the knowledge and
precautions related to the health and rise in the connection between the multinational firms
organizing social movements related to health. The accelerated flow of the goods and services
enabled by the economic integration has led to the creation of the new sources of the health
and wealth for many people (Memish et al., 2019).
Globalization has also affected socialite's health, at first it is only determined that globalization
is the cure for global health problems; it is true in many ways. The global transportation has
made medical science much more advance, it has saved thousands of people lives.
The pattern of production affects the insufficient health and safety protection along with the
degradation in environment. The emerging ser of the fuels required for the transportation of
the material has affected the climate of the various countries leading to the adverse effect over
the health of the people (Schnall et al., 2016).
According to the Richard Feachem, globalization has an overall good impact on the people’s
health as it is providing the economic growth for the countries and the people in the country so
the income of poor is increasing. The economic condition of the country plays a main role in the
health of the country if the country is strong economically than they can use the best
equipment for the health-related issue (Jamison et al., 2013).
12