Analyzing Leadership Challenges and Styles Globally

Leadership is a critical factor influencing organizational success across the globe. This research essay delves into six key leadership challenges identified worldwide, examining their implications on businesses and societies. By analyzing different leadership styles—such as transformational, transactional, and situational—the essay explores how these approaches can effectively tackle global leadership issues. Additionally, it reviews current trends in leadership development, emphasizing the need for adaptability and continuous learning. The study concludes with insights into future directions for leaders aiming to navigate an increasingly complex global landscape. Through a comprehensive review of literature from both academic journals and online resources, this essay provides valuable perspectives on fostering effective leadership amidst evolving challenges.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................3
Task 1...................................................................................................................................................3
Task 2.................................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................13
References..........................................................................................................................................14

Introduction
A leader is a person who lead from the front a team or group of people to achieve
something for their group. This required variety of skills such as motivated, problem solving,
decision making, vision and so on. so that its subordinates feel enthusiastic and motivated to
perform extremely well in order to meet their short and long term target in an appropriate
manner. Leadership is a process in which an individual guide, provide direction and
influences other people behaviours towards any task (Hafford-Letchfield and Bourn, 2011).
Such capability can be born or acquired through knowledge, skills and experience. On the
other hand, management When whole activities are coordinated in an organisation to achieve
specific objectives that is called management. There are some factors of production in the
company such as man, machine and material. Basics task of management includes various
tasks such as innovation and marketing (Hallinger and Heck, 2011). It includes various
functions such as organising, planning, controlling, and directing of the organisation
functions. This report will explain about the concept of leadership, its different types of traits
which required to manage a team in effectively. There are various approaches such as trait
therapy, behaviour theory etc. The report also provides the concept of management at
organizational setting (NI, Hird and Guymer, 2010).
Task 1
Leadership and management both plays a prominent role in the success for every business
organization. leadership is a behaviour of a person which develop over time whereas
management related with those skills which can be learned through training and coaching.
managers have power and authority to manage whole functions of a firm (Ellis and Petersen,
2011). Size of management process are different as the size of an enterprise. Large enterprise
board of directors are defining various policies and then employees are bounded to follow
those policies to achieve organisational objectives. There are various theories which involves:
Great man theory: According to this approach leadership skill are an inherited traits and born
when need arises. In this theory power one of the integral factor which influence people to
inspired their great hero’s to attain some task by using their authority and efforts in an
effective manner (Bush and Glover, 2014). This required a set of qualities such as attractive
personality, power, intuition, high level of intelligence, action and command oriented
approach which cannot be acquired. The leaders are born in generation to generation. This

can be understanding with various examples such as Abraham Lincoln, General de Gaulle
and others.
Trait theory: This is another approach which is an upgraded from great man theory. It
suggested that leadership skills can be acquired through different approaches. This is not
essential that leaders are born or inherited (Muijs and et. al., 2010. In this approach, there are
set of traits which are mentioned below:
 Intelligence: This is related with the understand the content of value of their position,
its different function, which can help to behave according to dynamic change of
environment internal and external.
 Personality: It is related with the inner personality which including maturity,
understanding, self-confidence, positivism, goal oriented, declined and so on. These
traits help leaders to organize and coordinate with their team and meet its goals and
target.
Behavioural theory: There are various leaders who cat according to their behaviour specially
three contextual aspects technical, human and conceptual (Zhang and Bartol, 2010).
Technical elements include individual knowledge and experience in manage a situation,
human skills belong to ability of attract another person and conceptual reefers to a manager
idea in order to design and develop plans and process. In this approach a good leader required
to understand environment, establishing goals, communicate with staff and motivate them to
attain these targets (Glunk and Smits, 2010). They also provide guidance and future direction
and create team building spirit so that they can working together.
Situational theory: This theory suggested that leadership affected by different types of
situation from such environment an individual emerges as a leader where he works. In this
approach communication and interaction plays a vital role where a group of people follow
such person and believes that that he can capable to attain their desired in an appropriate
manner (Dumdum, Lowe and Avolio, 2013). This approach is actable at universal level,
leader act and use different types leadership style as per the given situation. If an individual
adopts a same approach at all situation it shows that those leaders are not good.
There are following different between leadership and management:
Leadership Management
It is a trait which leading other people and On the other hand, management is a process

motivate them to achieve something. of organizing activity in an appropriate
manner.
Leadership is based on trust between leader
and their subordinates (Nam Nguyen and
Mohamed, 2011).
Management is based on control on all
business activities and operation within the
organization.
In this approach leader inspired another
people to attain something big.
In this approach main focused on managing
and coordinating all business activities.
In the context of power, it influence the
behaviour of others.
This is rule which manager push their staff
to do their work in an appropriate manner.
It is based on principles and guidelines
which helps to attract staff.
This is based policies and rules design for
maintain decline at work place (White and
Özkanlı, 2010).
Leaders having long term prospective to and
maintain a harmonious relation with their
staff.
Manager focused on short range goals and
tries to attain in a limited time.
Leadership helps to encourage staff towards
new changes in the company.
Manager focused on maintain stability in
their organization in an appropriate manner.
Q.1
According to the given case directors required to played both role leader and manager. For
these Laure required develop different types of leadership traits which helps to solve their
problem in an appropriate manner (Dimmock and Goh, 2011). before discussing these traits,
needs to understand leadership traits concepts.
Communication: This is one of the most critical skills which make a leader more attractive
and confident. In a business organization, there are various issue which is natural arises at
workplace. This is responsibility of a manager to communicate with their staff and solve
these issue (Dawson Burrell and Rahim, 2010). Further, this vision and mission also required
an effective communication skill at influence their team member. In the given case Laura
required to communicate with their staff and tries to understand their personal and
operational issue which reflect their performance.
Motivation: This ability is related with the inspiring others through various tools and
techniques. Paying monetary benefits not enough for an individual (Kark and Shamir, 2013).

A leader need to support their staff and motivate them which enhanced their confidence level
towards achieving organizational goals and target. There are different types of motivation
approaches can be used by Laura for both manager 1 and manager 2.
Delegating: Leader who having large number of task at a time which facing struggling to
manage them. such times of manager required to develop skills to delegate work among team
and utilize HR with maximum capacity (Müller and Turner, 2010). It helps to meet their
production target and work efficiency. There are different types of staff which having unique
skills divide such work accordingly. Delegation of work is too essential for Laura, she need
to distribute youth related research to Kelly and social science research can be provide to
Linda. It will help to perform a task in a manner and enhanced their performance.
Q. 2
From the given case, the major problem is employee high turnover and Directors negative
interaction style (Donate and de Pablo, 2015). Therefore, Laura seeks these all aspect and
tries to increase their confidence and build trust among them. there are following approaches
can be used by her. There are:
Decision making: This is one of the most critical aspects in the business organization. As a
leader, there are various decision must be taken by him (Xue, Bradley and Liang, 2011). For
this need knowledge and enough information for a specific task, so that they can make such
decisions in an appropriate manner.
Problem solving: There are various complex problem arising at organizational setting.
Therefore, as a manger of a company they need to solve these issue. It can be related with
technical or operational at workplace. There is various issue faced by the Laura which related
with day to day operations (Ainscow and Sandill, 2010). As a directors of non-profit
organization she need to involving staff for the operation issue. Additional, there are various
decisions at strategic level must be provide opportunity to Kelly and Linda and take their
suggestion for a specific task.; it will enhance their motivation level and build trust which
increase their dedication and loyalty. With the help of these approaches a non-profit firm can
improve their performance and attain short and long term targets in an appropriate manner.
Leadership traits: As a good leader is required different types of qualities which help to meet
its short and long term target in an appropriate manner (Tam, 2010). There are different types

of situation which facing by an individual which need such skills and knowledge. Therefore,
this is the responsibility for an individual to develop these traits. These are:
Positivity: A positive attitude is an integral part for an individual to make their staff happy
and create a harmonious environment at organisational settings. If there are any issue facing
by workers, this is the responsibility of manager to solve these issue at initiate stage
(Hendriks and Scheerens, 2013). It will help to increase confidence level at workplace and
meet its target with more efficiency.
Creativity: A leader need to be creative and open minded for various aspects. For crate such
environment manager can use different techniques in order to create innovative idea and
implement it. For this they can use pen door policy where any employees can communicate
and provide suggestion and share their idea for the betterment of the company.
Responsibility: A leader having large number of roles and responsibility to manage their task
in an appropriate manner. The first responsibility is to hold their staff for long time and
provide basic facilities.
Commitment: This is essential for a leader to put extra efforts to complete an assignment.
This will motivate their staff to working and inspire to follow him (Bush and Glover 2016).
He/she also committed towards a promise and provide a learning to their employees.
Flexibility: Business environment is dynamic which required more flexibility in decision and
strategies. Leader required that to ready for future changes and according to future aspects in
an appropriate manner.
Leadership style: A leader needs variety of style to manage their team and attain
organizational success. These types of approaches are very on leadership traits. Therefore, a
good leader applies suitable style as per the situation (Arnold, Fletcher and Anderson, 2015).
These styles can be:
Autocratic leadership: This style is vital in various organization and working environment.
This is one of the common approach used by large number of corporation. The basic principle
of this approach all major decisions made by top management. The leader having full control
overall all process (Seashore Louis, Dretzke and Wahlstrom, 2010). Historically, this type of
leadership has been linked with dictators and military generals. They having poor training,
knowledge and experience that how to manage people in different way. but, in the last
decade, the new approach more appropriate and used by large number of business

corporation. This method is used where workers undisciplined and need more strictness. For
example, autocratic approach is used for those area such as research and development
because, here margin of errors is quite law. On the other hand, it also having various
disadvantages which is not good for the company. there are various employees who working
with full of dedication and skilled negative influenced on their confidence level and reduced
their productivity and efficiency (Close and Raynor, 2010). Autocratic leaders are highly
busy and fully responsible for performance. therefore, they delegate work among team
members leads to increase work pressure.
Participative leadership: This approach is focused on involving staff and increase
participation in management and process. This is one of the most effective tool for motivation
which increase performance at workplace (Niesche and Keddie, 2011). Historically, this
approach used in late 1970’s for improve performance of the employees. This concept more
suitable for modern business situation in which policies and decision will be easily acceptable
at every level. Employees contribute more and easily accept all future changes and
challenges. Leader can easily communicate with staff
and provide opportunity to participate in the decision making decision process. On the other
hand, this approach sometimes creates chaos and sense of indiscipline.
Transaction leadership: There are different managers using various approaches and
motivational techniques to manage work and boost team performance. The focal point of this
style related with the motivation (Lee, Gillespie and Wearing, 2010). As a leader he\she
believes that using multiple approach such as reword and punishment at workplace in an
effective way. there are four dimension of this approach can be:
Contingent reward: In this approach transaction leader focus on reward system and provide
required resources to perform a task in an appropriate manner (Shah and Shaikh, 2010).
further they design their goals and target on the basis of SMART objectives.
Laissez-faire: In this approach leaders tries to create an environment where team member
provide opportunity to develop their personal and professional skills and knowledge. For
example, they can allow to participate in decision making, problem solving etc.
Active\Passive management by Exception: In active approach leader are monitor the
performance of their team member on regular basis and tries to minimise mistakes as per the
standards (Ely, Ibarra and Kolb, 2011). On the other hand, in passive management approach

leader check current performance with set standards and tries to improve through punish
them in an appropriate manner.
Various experts said the transactional method of leadership one of the best approach to
manage a team and improve performance in a positive way (Kuo and Lee, 2011). This is a
combination of reward and punishment and manager provide opportunities to grow in a
manner where they can enhance their skills and capabilities.
Q. 3
There are different types of leadership skills required as a director to perform their task in an
effective manner. In this case, Laura can build following capabilities which are:
At organizational setting, Laura develop professional skills such as knowledge about
technical and operational area (Paarlberg and Lavigna, 2010.). These skills help to understand
a different types of topic more depth and make their decision accordingly.
Build relationship: This is one of the major area where Anglia need to do work more.
Because the gap between staff and director is too large which need to be addressed on
priority. For this, Anglia can interact with Kelly and Linda and tries to maintain a good
relation with the other staff.
Communication: A leader should be an effective communicator, so that he/she can openly
address with their subordinates (Kuo and Lee, 2011). Effective communication relating with
the use variety of communication tools such as meetings, email, blog posts and other area.
Figure 1Leadership Skills
Q. 4
As per the given case, Laura need to analyse and evaluate a variety of leadership styles which
fit in the given situation. this is one of the complex environment to choose an appropriate

style and apply in the given problem (Paarlberg and Lavigna, 2010). Therefore, various style
which are discussed as mentioned below.
Transformational leadership: Develop a positive environment for high performance has
become significant for the leaders. Therefore, managers expect they their staff perform
exceptionally as per the requirement. This approach helps to an individual to inspire to attain
remarkable targets (Ely, Ibarra, and Kolb, 2011). This type of leader makes a team and
motivate them by monetary and non-monetary reward to achieve something big in their
organization. In the context of given case, transformational approach more suitable for Laura.
They need to treat their staff as a human being tries to understand their emotions and
perspective. The direct of non-profit organization also can create motivation through develop
a vision, provide opportunity in to decision making which leads to enhanced their trust within
the company. The major issue in the non-profit organization is high turnover due to several
reason. Directors required that to identity these issue at provide all types of support their
morale and work. The higher authorities also can communicate personally with the staff
which create trust and build a harmonious relationship between them (Shah and Shaikh,
2010). it will overcome employees turnover and attract more fund of their future services
effectively.
Task 2
Covered in PPT (Leadership development strategies)
Issues in leadership and management strategies
The most common challenges in developing leadership and management is related with the
problem identification (Kuo and Lee, 2011). Which having three following dimension:
 The major issue in management is verity of culture within the organization.
 The selection of suitable strategy is another issue for a leader.
 The another challenges having dynamic environment which reducing need
modification in the management approach.
Further, there are also other issues create problem in leadership and management approach-
Lost Vision: It is essential in an effective management to set a clear vision which provide a
future direction in an appropriate manner (Ely, Ibarraand Kolb, 2011). but a poor
management and strategy implementation have lost vision of a business organization.

Resistance by staff: This is the responsibility of a good leader to apply changes in their
business which provide success in the future (Lee, Gillespie and Wearing, 2010). But,
sometimes employees not willing to accept changes which create major concern for the
company.
Lack of coordination: To implement a strategy effectively coordination among team members
is too significant. A leader tries to develop an effective coordination between their employees
through appropriate communication system (Shah and Shaikh, 2010).
Poor skills and knowledge: There are variety of skills need to perform a task such a decision
making, problem solving, communication, time management etc. A team leader is required to
provide training to developing these skills and enhanced their knowledge.
Limited resources: Strategy implementation required enough resources such as human,
material and financial (Niesche and Keddie, 2011). For a leader managing all these resources
tough task in a limited time. Therefore, lack of these resources having adverse impact on
strategy and tactics application.
Organizational structure: Each business enterprise having its own size and scope and its own
organizational structure. For example, in the context of small firm, where operational
activities are spread in a limited area at the same time structure also not quite large. This will
also restrict to implement strategy in an effective manner.
Delegation of authority: Delegating authority and responsibility to the subordinates are one of
the quite challenging task for a manager (Close and Raynor, 2010). It required effective
managerial skills, sense of discipline and other personal and professional traits. If a leader
assign more authi9ry it will threat of chaos and miss-management of the work (Seashore
Louis, Dretzke and Wahlstrom, 2010). Therefore, a leader needs to evaluate all aspects and
assign roles and responsibility.
Lack of motivation: Implementing a strategy and attaining organizational goals and target
need a variety of motivation tools and techniques It will help to enhanced confidence level of
staff which leads to increase efficiency and productivity in an appropriate manner.

Figure 2Develop managerial Effectiveness
Lack of communication: Poor communication is another major concern for a leader in the
organization setting (Arnold, Fletcher and Anderson, 2015). Therefore, manager of the
company required that to design an appropriate communication system which meet its
targets.
It is sentential for a manager is to identity various strategies in order to manage their team
and attain its aims and objectives. This need a strategic leader who set long term mission and
vision for their business. They also need to communicate these visions and mission with their
subordinates and motivate them towards goals. There are various aspects which should be
considered by a leader to sustain their business in the long run (Tam, 2010). Development of
leadership skills having too significant for a business organization and its required various
strategies such as self-driven development where an individual try to enhanced their skills on
their own. The second monitor coaching for leadership through training and development
season in an effective way. at the end study also related with the various issue in the develop
of training program must be considered by the company (Leadership business diagram,
2017). This will help to build pool of leaders for the future and maintain their skills up to the
standards set by the higher authorities. There are following aspects required effective
utilization:
Human resource: Employees are the valuable asset for each and every business organization.
they contribute in the attaining firm through their performance. This is responsibility of
leader is to maintain them in the longer run which create value for the company. for this they