An In-depth Analysis of Organized Crime: Global and Local Perspectives

The literature review delves into organized crime's expansion from urban centers to global networks, affecting major countries like the United States and Germany. The analysis highlights how these criminal organizations influence political and economic systems through activities like money laundering, drug trafficking, and fraud. It underscores the importance of international cooperation in law enforcement strategies to combat these threats. By examining various academic sources, this review provides a nuanced understanding of organized crime's complexities and its pervasive impact on society.

RUNNING HEAD: Crime
Organized Crime

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Contents
Organised Crime: Global and Local......................................................................................................2

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Organised Crime: Global and Local
An exhaustive literature review focus on the evolution and the key understanding of the
concept of “organised crime” in the global and local level between the country of United
States and Germany.
1. Galeotti, M., 2014. Global crime today: the changing face of organised crime.
Routledge.
The article suggests the general understanding to the concept of organised crime in present
era. The original version of "organized crime" has been provided in the article. According to
the article, the Chicago Crime Commission, a public association established in the year of
1919 by several prominent entrepreneurs, financiers and solicitors who stimulate
modifications in the system of criminal justice by the introduction to the concept of organised
crime. The summary herein referred that organised is not a new concept in present time.
Hence, the article is able to define the concept of organised crime in a proper manner.
The report noted that organised crime as a crime committed by enterprises in a structured
pattern to commit any illicit practice for the object of earning profit. Such illicit practices
include generation of incomes by using corruption in money laundering system.
The research finding also suggest that organised crime came by a business structure where
employees commit severe offence like bribery, thuggery, gambling, racketeering, insider
trading etc.
According to Galeotti, (2014) identified a deep analysis of the market of organised crime
where basically a group of persons or association either local or global participate in
illegitimate or illegal enterprises for an object of profit. The organised crime is like a category
of global, nationwide, or local alliances of extremely compacted enterprises run
by offenders who have primary intention to involve in illegitimate acts, especially
for monetary benefits The several instances of organized crime are terrorist groups, who are
politically motivated, gang for extorting money and criminal mafias who commit an act of
grievances like murder. The Diego Gambetta, European sociologists define the group or
association of mafia as one of the particular category of organized crime who engage in
practicing illicit practices and easily break any legal regulations. Globally, the popular mafias
of the country like Russia, China, Hong Kong and Japan.

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2. Varese, F. (2011) Mafias on the move: how organized crime conquers new territories,
Princeton, N.J.; Oxford: Princeton University Press.
The report finds the history of organized crime in the United States and Germany traces by
the period of its evolution and historical development through distinct characteristics in it. In
order to explore the concept of organized crime in its past dimension provide a complete
understanding mainly into its deep analysis of several inconsistencies and contradictions
attached with the meaning. Thus, the historical framework and statistics influences the certain
factors like social, political, and economic aspects of organised crime mainly through a mode
of money laundering and financial means.
Varese (2011) discovers that in the country of United States, a term of organised crime
connote that any members of highly profiled organisation or including any meticulous group
involved in distributing illicit products and services. Such activities are not only limited to
offences like prohibited wagering, forming any sex market , fraud on bank loans, drug
trafficking, and any other nature of illegal undertakings of such members. It is contemplated
under the legislation of Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968: Federal
statutes of Public Law 90-351. Whereas In the country of Germany, the term “Organised
Crime” defined under the Organised Crime Act, 1992 as the crime which consist of dealing in
a premeditated act of any illegal crimes evaluated on the dominated object or purpose of
profit and supremacy in the enterprise. The act or omission of the organised crime
accomplished by either individually or as a group or association for a purposes of acquiring
profit by profitable or organisational structures, by practising any humiliation or other
violence ways which are appropriate for committing extortion or coercion and by exercising
negative influence on socially, politically and economically on the functioning of the nation.
Hence, the main element of organised crime deals with scheduled or uninterrupted process in
illegal activities.
In the report of Varese also discusses the evolution of organised crime in United States
highlighted in the era of 1920’s when the American Mafia origin its supremacy through its
achievement in the trade of illicit liquor. The activities of the organised crime were raiding
and robbery processes with an aid of national and international networks. Whereas, the
evolution of organised crime leads to doubt for no authentic sources have ascertained the
exact history of organised crime in Germany. The Germany's "Der Spiegel", the top news

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magazine displayed that when the American country was facing an effects on organized
crime during the period of 1920s, the notion of organized crime gradually initiated his
position in the Germany.
During the last 97 years, the notion of organized crime system has grown from a fundamental
aspect of metropolitan life of big cities to a variety of participation of numerous worldwide
criminal groups encounter problems for the most dominating countries like the United States
and Germany. Recently, the influential concept of organized crime in United States is
somewhat parallel to present situation in Germany.
3. Perri, F.S. and Brody, R.G., 2011. The dark triad: organized crime, terror and
fraud. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 14(1), pp.44-59.
The journal evaluates the department of justice plays a vital role in abolishing the system of
organised crime. For instance, the legal strategy made by “the law enforcement in
International organised crime” by United States developed a targeted and identified threats of
organised crime. Such strategy involves the several ways to eliminate the structured system
of organised crime. These associations of international organised crimes are deemed as most
dominating associations which operating in branches, clans and linked network among
several countries.
The authors Perri and Brody (2011) illustrates another important aspect of organised crime is
its impact and consequences. The numerous harms of crime mainly influences by the factor
of involvement of political and administration corruption. The other factors includes threat in
standardisation of the business enterprise in order to establish economic benefits, drug
trafficking, numerous scams of money in billions like Missing Trader Intra Community
fraud, fraud in sector of agricultural and structural assets, theft in motor vehicle, fraud in
payment card, Insurance fraud.
The other adverse consequences of the organised crime are that criminal economy is intruded
by criminal groups prejudiced the interest of the administrations and the people at large. The
organised crime system represents the illicit practice of money laundering which often does
not able to separate the legal economy with illegal economy. The organised crime mostly
affects the sectors of health, national security system and financial departments.

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4. Rowe, E., and Tomison, A.M., 2012. Organised crime and public sector corruption: a
crime scripts analysis of tactical displacement risks. Trends and Issues in Crime and
Criminal Justice, (444), p.1.
The analysis of the report stated that the economic offences committed by public sector
affects the cost in billions of dollars or euros annually. The consequences of organized crime
affect mainly on three grounds that are violence, extortion and bribery. The organised crime
affects the safety of the public at large. Moreover, the organised crime is destroying the basic
or privileged right to harmony, supremacy of law and good administration system. The
activities of organised crime destroy the basic security and peace of the nation by their act of
violence or exploitation for the purpose of monetary benefits. Therefore, the report treated the
system of organised crime as a most threatening element against the society at large.
The authors Rowe and Tomison, (2012) recommend that the growing threat of transnational
organized crime is forcing radical changes in traditional methods of law enforcement. Law
enforcement has historically been a matter primarily of local concern. For instance, the
United States customarily focused on anti-organized crime struggles especially on the
American Mafia, or La Cosa Nostra.
In order to eliminate this association, the department of justice need to establish a strong
framework of an investigation and prosecution against the transnational organised crime.
The Law Enforcement Strategy should focus mainly on four factors that are
► Collecting, synthesising and propagation of the best information of IOC threats in order to
contest against the organised crime.
►It should ensure the fair investigation and proceeding against the transnational organised
crime by giving priority and targeting the IOC threats.
► It is very significant step to draw an expertise contribution of the Law Enforcement in
order to outbreak all approaches of organised crime and
► Moreover, it is very important to develop intolerant tactics for dismantling the entire
system of organised crime.

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Therefore, the literature review on organised crime system concludes that the system of
organised crime from local to national expanding rapidly due to facing numerous challenges
ultimately on the society. Therefore the report create a transparent assessment to take a
prompt measure against those criminals of organised crime by influencing factor of
“Communication” which plays a significant role to spread alertness among public to combat
with system of organised crime.