Comprehensive Report: Global Travel and Tourism Patterns and Trends

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global travel and tourism sector, exploring its development milestones, key elements, and the interrelation between them to create customer experiences. It delves into the factors influencing tourism behavior, including environmental, economic, and cultural aspects, as well as the models of motivation that shape consumer decision-making processes. Furthermore, the report examines recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry, such as last-minute bookings and the rise of new destinations. It also discusses the factors that contribute to the popularity of various global destinations, offering a well-rounded overview of the dynamic and evolving tourism landscape. The report aims to provide a clear understanding of the industry's current state and future directions.

Global Travel and Tourism Pattern
and Trends

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P1 Discuss key milestone in development of travel and tourism sector .....................................1
P2 Different elements of travel and tourism industry and how they interrelate to create
customer experience ....................................................................................................................3
P3. Determine the different factors that affect tourism behaviour .............................................4
P4. The Models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision making process 5
P5 Recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry....5
P6 Factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations..........................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism sector is booming unexpectedly and currently it is experiencing the
unprecedented growth. Therefore, this is the practices that leads to have variety of suppliers,
tourism products and destination marketing organisation. Hence, tourism generated income and
can be used at the both national and at local level. Tourism industry is expanding at the global
level and this also have wide impact on the development of country economy. It is one of the
effective and efficient source of welfare. Therefore, tourism is the activities that relates with
social, cultural and economical phenomenon. In addition to it, it leads to have sustainable
economic growth and reduction of poverty with availing employment opportunities.
The present report is based on business activities of Global travel and tourism in the
United states. Hence, report will cover the following things as milestone relates with
development of travel and tourism sector, elements of travel and tourism and motivation factors
that affects the consumer decision making in travel and tourism.
P1 Discuss key milestone in development of travel and tourism sector
Travel and tourism sector is rapidly changing from its evolution. From historic times
tourism sector is continuously evolving. There is been many milestone which has occurred till
now. It has resulted in drastic change and transformation in this sector. They are described
below :-
1841- At this time Thomas cook organized first group tour in UK.
1903- In the 19th century the Wright brothers created first successful aircraft. It was mode of
transport that allowed people to fly.
1919- First airline passenger flight debut between London and Paris.
1950’s – It was the time when there was rapid rise in hotels and resorts in US. This was done via
franchise agreements. With this many companies entered into US (Samori, Salleh and Khalid,
2016).
1952- Jet passenger inaugurated their service between London and Johannesburg, South Africa
2001- Till 20th century tourism industry was expanded into many countries. Dennis Tito
launched first space tourism by paying $20 for 8 night vacation in international space station. It
became highlighted news for people. This changed their perception regarding tourism. There
were some other developments as well. The Euro currency was launched which was sign of
liberalization.
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2010- Here, many social sites were launched that allowed people to obtain and gain data and
info. Also, it helped in communicating with each other. Airbnb provided variety of tourism
services to people.
2015- Till this year Google started providing online flight booking services to people. Besides
this, there were many other technological development and innovation. It has given ease to travel
to any place in the world. Now, internet and social media platforms provide every information
related to tourism to people.
There are several factors that have contributed in shaping tourism industry. For example –
change in socio economic circumstances, consumer needs, product development, etc. The
developments have led to change in social factor that has allowed people to travel. It has changed
their perception. However, with development of infrastructure such as resorts, hotels, etc. it has
provided platform for people to spend leisure time. Also, with rise income level of people their
needs and expectations have increased. Beside this, development in technology has highly
contributed in growth of domestic as well as international tourism. The internet is providing all
data and information related places, tour packages, etc. it has shifted mind of people from saving
money to spending on travelling. Tourism is the one of the activities that is consisting of the
diverse grow up with varied skills and it is inclusive of the digital mining, legal etc. Therefore,
the main purpose is to enhance the common understanding and commitment about the
sustainable tourism in order to foster the economic and social growth. Therefore, tourism has
caused the most of disruption in the host communities. In addition to it, increased tourist also
results in enhancement of the traffic that can hinder the development of tourism.
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P2 Different elements of travel and tourism industry and how they interrelate to create customer
experience
Travel and tourism is expanded into wide area. It also includes sub sectors in which
different types of services are offered (Elements of travel and tourism sector. 2016). The
elements help in fulfilling customer needs. Here, customers experience many things as they
spend leisure time with friends and relatives. It consist of various elements that include that are
described below :-
Travel agent - A travel agent provides information to people about various tourist destinations.
They provide various packages to them according to their budget.
Tour operators – They act as mediator between companies and people by providing packages,
information, etc. (Schuckert, Liu and Law, 2015) besides this, it includes accommodation in
hotels, resort, etc. Moreover, it consists of variety of services like sightseeing, etc.
Lodging and catering- It comprises of services of accommodation in hotels, guest house, etc.
Now, catering include offering restaurant, bar, etc.
Transportation – There are various types of transport services like airline, car rental, railways,
etc. it allows people to travel from one place to another.
Attraction – this is the main element in tourism industry which means need for attraction at
particular location. It may be theme park, museum, etc. these places attract people to visit it.
They all provide customer to enjoy and spend leisure time. They chose services according
to their needs and visit places to fulfil them. Alongside it, through one element customer is able
to avail services. Furthermore, travel services are related to each other. When an individual select
any tour package, he or she gets all types of services that are included it ranging from
transportation, staying in hotel room, catering, etc. But if any of the elements is missed then it do
not result in fulfilment of needs. The main element in this is attraction where people visit a site.
It creates link between all making it easy to avail services.
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P3. Determine the different factors that affect tourism behaviour
There are several factors that leads to affect the tourism behaviour. In order to understand
the consumer behaviour is in relation to the tourism product and services. This is crucial for
marketers to understand the various activities as social, culture, education and economic sectors.
Thus, Different factors that affect tourism behaviour are as follows -
Environment destination
It is the best form of destination that boasts conducive climate. The unpredictable or
drastic change in the environment such as flooding, weather, windy day, drought and extreme
climate that effect tourism harmfully. (Vellas, 2016). In the harsh summer months in the
countries like India, China and SriLanka. The undesired changes in the environment such as high
winds, flash floods, drought and extreme climate can effect tourism adversely. Environment
destination can be considered as the positive example of synergy between different tourist
industries that able to put sustainability and at the centre of its activities. Each organization has
contributed its how know or what they can do best to their core business.
Economy of the country
The tourism is undergoing by economic phenomenon and when the people are facing
unemployment issues tourism is affected inauspiciously. (Buhalisand Foerste, 2015). At the time
when people has disposable income and when the economy is not facing financial crisis the
tourism progresses.
Historical or Cultural importance of Destination
The Historical destination of travel affects the tourism to great extent. The destination
could be great liberal arts or affiliated with the cultural importance then the tourists will certainly
like a visit the place for seeing monuments, castles, forts and independent, architecture, carving,
caves, fantastic paintings and the allied inheritance. The tourist got attracted from the famous
places of history and culture. (Camilleri, Camilleri and Acocella, 2018).
Research importance of destination
The traveller who stay at tourist places with the intention of studying and exploring the
destination and historic background of the country thus, the tourist industry need for research
promotes tourism. The Archaeologic, Earth science, Scientist and Life scientist (Eugenio-Martin
and Inchausti-Sintes, 2016). The people reaching Arts and Cultures seeks places that have great
significance in the field of research. The places of religious importance or worship are always
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flooded with the tourist. The religious importance or work ship are always flooded with the
tourist.
P4. The Models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision making process
Consumer behaviour is the process that relates with the process of purchase and also
affects the decision making process of the customers. Thus, decision of the customer can be
influenced with the personal factors such as buyer age, life-cycle state (Camilleri, Camilleri and
Acocella, 2018). Organisation behaviour is influenced by the wide array of forces inside and
outside the working of the organization. The various factor can affect the consumer decision
making process. Thus, internal and personal factors leads to have wide impact on the nature of
the consumer. Hence, the factor that impacts the consumer decision making defined in following
manner as-
 Perception- Travel and tourism business needs to analyse the need and demand of the
customers. It is the process in which the individual selects, organizes and interprets the
sensory stimulation to form the meaningful picture to the world.
 Safety- Travel and tourism sector leads to the enterprise that ensures about the safety for
the customers. Therefore, the travel and tourism need to focus about the culture and
environmental process before arranging any travel package to the customers. Thus, better
and effective facilities leads to conduct the organisation activities effectively. This aids to
attract the customer and influence the purchase decision.
 Environmental forces- This is defined as factor that can be changed with the changing in
the business conditions. Thus, changes in environmental forces affect the working of the
enterprise in the greater extent.
P5 Trends and patterns used in the international travel and tousrism sector
Emerging trends and patterns that is being included in international travel and tourism are
as follows:
Last minute bookings are increasing:- According to the survey in 2018 it is found that 39% of
population has done booking on last time as it is becoming the common trend nowadays in
tourism sector. Most of the people have booked as before when they have to go for trip. This
trend will make difficult for the tour operators to manage all the things on urgent basis. As
UNWTO is responsible for promoting tourism universally in the worldwide.
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Advance booking for multi-day tours:- As there is a trend of taking multi tour bookings in
tourism sector so people are preferred to take bookings as they have to go for long vacations.
UNWTO is tourism agency that will facilitate all these bookings to customers for their safe
journey. They plan different activities depend on the time that is being taken in going for
travelling for larger days.
New destinations:- According to the survey it is being analysed that 22% of people are visitors
from new destination. These people were belonged to china who will have more interest in
travelling to different destination (Glaesser and et. al.,2010) UNWTO providing many
destinations to travel with minimum package to customers and facilitate many new things
including in the package.
New experiences:- Tour operators are getting request from the customer to provide them some
unique experience as they are getting bored from regular travelling. People want to experience
many new things in the life so that want to change the travelling package and exploring world in
unique way where they feel enjoyable and utilize their time efficiently. UNWTO provides new
experience and challenges for customers so that they are more attracted towards it.
Ecological and educational tours:- These type of tours are more popular in current scenario as
it offered many tour packages to the customers and provide experience regarding travelling into
forests that provide ecological experience to customers. UNWTO is providing many
opportunities to educational tour and travel for experiencing natural habitat of the environment.
Solo travelling is also in high demand:- Generally nowadays solo trip is most popular among
the youngster. Travel operator are now facilitating in building interest in the solo traveller by
celebrating each and every moment of their trip (Dergiades, Mavragani and Pan, 2018).
Wellness trips:- These trips are taken into account regarding health of the person. It offers
customers in maintaining their personal travelling through road. Most of the customers are
preferred to travel safe and healthy journey so that it will emphasize on health of the people.
UNWTO is a travel and tourism agency that enhances all the above trends by fulfilling
new trends and pattern in tourism sector.
P6 Points that will have an impact on various range of global destination
External factors that is used to identify affect of elements on different range of global
destination that have an impact on the performance on tourism industry included following:
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Political factors:- These include political stability in the country that will have an impact on
international environment in the country. This will have an influence on road trip for those who
has interest in trvaelling in the country. If there is fluctuation in economy of the country that will
lead to disturb the working of the company. As political factors affect travelling sector of the
economy. Government taxes will also has a greater impact on country's economy.
Economic Factors:- This include changes in the exchange rates of the company, inflation rate,
interest rate, unemployment rate etc. As different country is having different rates of their
currency that will impact their working operations.(Boniface, Cooper.and Cooper, 2016)ey will
directly affect the working of company as export and import will be affected through this factor.
Global destination will be affected as rise in price will decrease purchasing power of the
company.
Value Factors:- This involves emerging rate, lifestyle, attitude, income level of an individual
etc. These factors will lead to create differences in many ways as lifestyle is changing day by day
that will influence life of people (Wongtada and Krairit, 2017). There are many factors that will
related to income distribution and attitude of different people in the country. Global destination
will bringing more competition for the people that enhances opportunities.
Technological Factors:- These factors include innovation, automation, research and
development activity and various changes in the market trend of the country. There are many
factors that will include changes in technology that will affect global destination of the country.
This will influence working operations as at global level different changes are made in the
technology. There are so many reasons that will have an impact on global destination that will
create disturbance in minds of the customer.
Legal factors: These include laws and regulations of the country that is governed in that
country. These will have greater impact on the global destination. Its necessary to follow the
rules and regulations of the country otherwise it will lead to influence operations of the company.
Environmental Factors:- These factors include weather, climate, environmental offsets etc. All
these will have a greater impact on the economy at global level in the countries. This will
influence climate of the country. These destinations were mainly suffered by the weather and
climate that will lead to decrease travelling sector of economy. They will have a greater impact
on different sectors of country (Wongtada and Krairit, 2017).
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All the above factors will influence a range of global destination in the country. They will
affect functioning as well as operations of the travelling. Therefore, it is necessary to combat
with all the factors of economy.
CONCLUSION
As per the study travelling sector will have a greater impact on economy. It will help in
determining different parts in travelling sector and defines experiences that is related to tourism
sector. This will lead to increase in many factors that will affect the working of the company.
However, this report has covered various activities as milestone relates with development of,
various sectors of travel and tourism and motivation factors that affects the functioning of
company in future course of action.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Glaesser, D and et. al.,2010: an overview. Journal of travel medicine.24(4).
Li, G and et. al.,2015 emerging hotel preferences using emerging pattern mining
technique. Tourism management.46.pp.311-321.
Dergiades, T., Mavragani, E. and Pan, B., 2018. Google Trends and tourists' arrivals: Emerging
biases and proposed corrections. Tourism Management.66.p.108-120.
Boniface, B., Cooper, R. and Cooper, C., 2016. Worldwide destinations: The geography of travel
and tourism. Routledge.
Wongtada, N. and Krairit, D., 2017. Survival of a market leader in a regional integration of
emerging economies: A case study of the tourism industry in Thailand. Journal of the
International Academy for Case Studies, 23(1).
Samori, Z., Salleh, N.Z.M. and Khalid, M.M., 2016. Current trends on Halal tourism: Cases on
selected Asian countries. Tourism Management Perspectives. 19. pp.131-136.
Schuckert, M., Liu, X. and Law, R., 2015. Hospitality and tourism online reviews: Recent trends
and future directions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 32(5). pp.608-621.
Becker, E., 2016. Overbooked: The exploding business of travel and tourism. Simon and
Schuster.
Vellas, F., 2016. The international marketing of travel and tourism: A strategic approach.
Macmillan International Higher Education.
Buhalis, D. and Foerste, M., 2015. SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-
creation of value. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management.4(3).pp.151-161.
Eugenio-Martin, J.L. and Inchausti-Sintes, F., 2016. Low-cost travel and tourism
expenditures. Annals of Tourism Research.57.pp.140-159.
Camilleri, M.A., Camilleri, M.A. and Acocella, 2018. Travel marketing, tourism economics and
the airline product. Springer International Publishing.
Online
Elements of travel and tourism sector. 2016. [Online] Available through :
<http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/domain-knowledge/travel-and-tourism-domain/
item/components-of-tourism-industry>
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