Global Tourism Assessment: Negative Impacts and UK Case Study

Desklib provides solved assignments and past papers to help students succeed.

GLOBAL TOURISM ASSESSMENT
1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................4
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF TOURISM.................................................................................................................5
TASK 2........................................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................21
REFERENCES:.............................................................................................................................................22
2

INTRODUCTION
This assignment is prepared to examine the negative impact of tourism. The negative impact can
be on the resources of the host country, to the safety and security of a nation, etc. it covers this
examination with the help of various market research. And in the next section, it analyzes the
importance of tourism for the growth and development of the third world countries. And the
contribution of the tourism sector to their economy. This assignment will also cover the types of
tourism and their impact on local communities (Packer, 2016).
Tourism can be defined as the travel for any purpose, for pleasure, for occupation, etc. and
tourism can varying the nature of impact depending on the geographical conditions, climate, and
vegetation. It may have a different impact on the island countries and may have a different
impact on the mountain region. So, the nature of impact is directly proportional to the
topography of the region (Moutinho, 2018).
3

TASK 1
ESSAY ON TOURISM
Tourism may be defined as the outcome of a close relationship of tourist, host country,
government and other regulator and the procedures followed in that relationship formation. The
UNWTO divided tourism in the following categories:
Inbound tourism: the arrival of nonresidents of a host country to explore the natural offerings of
the host country. It will generate foreign currencies of the nation.
Outbound tourism: the arrival of residents of the other country to explore the destination
country and contribute to its economy.
Internal tourism: travel and exploration by the natives and foreigners of specific regions are
part of internal tourism (Moutinho, 2018).
Domestic tourism: domestic tourism is the travel and visits by visitors of the same country. It
contributes to the internal economy of a nation.
National tourism: this type of tourism can be explained as the travel and exploration by the
people of another country for any purpose. And it brings more money in the foreign exchange
reserves.
Principles and philosophy of tourism:
Tourism by UNWTO and many other international organizations define the principles and
philosophy behind as follows:
 Tourism to be used to promote sustainable use of resources and promote the travel to the
least developed regions in a manner that can reduce the level of poverty.
 Ecotourism is to be promoted to improve environmental awareness in the global
community.
 Medical tourism is to be used to meet the gap in the quality of health services globally.
 Space tourism is to be promoted to develop an interest in research and development and
scientific spirit (UNWTO, 2019).
4

NEGATIVE IMPACT OF TOURISM
Tourism is a leading sector of the economy in many countries. And it is also the major source of
earnings. As per the Manila Declaration, 1980 “tourism is an important contributor in the
development of many counties: socially, economically and technically also”. And it is the
growing sector of the economy and evolving in the form of sustainable tourism, medical tourism,
ecotourism, space tourism, etc. (SDG, 2015).
The negative impact can be on the resources (minerals, water, people, etc.), safety and security
(terrorist activities, the spread of viruses), environment (vegetation and wildlife) and on the local
communities (threat to their culture and heritage). The undesirable impacts of tourism on various
regions of the world can be explained with the help of the following example:
Island countries: the island countries (the Caribbean, Pacific Ocean Island, etc.) faced the threat
of immersion due to the rise of temperature because of global warming.
Third world countries: the third world countries like the least developed African counties, the
middle region, etc. faces the threat to their wildlife, indigenous population, and local practices.
They also face a threat to their resources (UNWTO, 2019).
Developed countries: developed countries of the world like the USA, Scandinavian countries,
etc. face the threat to their security (recent terrorist attacks in America) and depleting resources
and rise in pollution are the negative impact on the developed nations.
It can further be illustrated with the example of the following countries:
Galapagos Island: tourism has an impact on the resources of Galapagos as in the beginning the
tourist used to visit the island for its wildlife and vegetation and they consumed the locally
prepared products. But, in the coming years, the island becomes more popular and increasing the
arrival of tourists forces the local trades to import and that led to the entrance of capitalists
MNCs to develop hotels, restaurants, etc. And it snatched the earning sources from the local
community (Royal geographical society, 2019).
5

Fig 1: Galapagos Island
[Source: Made for minds, 2019]
The threat to native species: the native species of wildlife are prone to be affected by the alien
intrusion. The alien species can be a potential threat and impact the food chain negatively. For
example, the Invasion of blood-sucking fly has caused a high rate of mortality of the local
flinches.
Threatened heritage: Galapagos is recognized as the World Heritage Site. And due to the
increase in the arrival of tourists, the island faced the threat of depletion of its natural resources.
Climate threat: rise in the temperature due to global warming, typhoons, and El Nino, etc. The
rise in temperature poses the threat of submersion and puts the risk of loss life of endemic
population (Made for Mind, 2019).
Caribbean island: though, tourism contributes positively to the economy by providing job
opportunities to the local populations as well as contributing to economic development. Tourism
is the core economic activity in the
6

Fig 2: Caribbean Island
[Source: Lemelin, 2015]
The threat to local native culture: the Caribbean islands have negatively impacted by the
invasion of foreign cultures brought by the travelers. And the Drug menace in these islands has
also resulted in it.
Increasing pressure on resources: the water resources and oil resources were utilized more
than a sustainable level. And increasing the level of waste generated in the form of oil residues is
a threat to the health of local communities and water resources as pollution contaminates them.
The threat to the marine world: increasing the arrival of tourists poses a threat to the marine
population and resources. As the trolling, scuba diving and other research activities sometimes
can be the reason for the extinction of marine animals (Lemelin, 2015).
South Africa: the country and nearby are becoming increasingly attractive for global tourists
due to its topography, wildlife, vegetation, and resources. These regions of Africa are affected
negatively in the following manner:
Poaching and piracy: South Africa is famous for its wildlife and mineral resources. And the
advent of foreign visitors has impacted negatively by posing a threat to its wildlife especially to
the elephants and tigers for the animal trophies. Organizations like CITES and UNWTO has
highlighted this issue frequently in their reports (Lemelin, 2015).
7

The threat to the indigenous community: various researchers as a part of the research visited
various places and during their projects, they interact with local communities. And it sometimes
culminates into the loss of life or resources of the local population (Gössling and Peeters, 2015).
The threat to the local economy: the voyage of Columbus is very famous for the discovery of
America. But this journey gave birth to colonization. And in the same manner, tourism can be
considered as a cause of neo-colonization and ruins the local industries by replacing their hand
made products by machine-made cheap products.
USA: the USA is the most developed nation in the world. And due to its development and
lifestyle and developed IT sector is the leading tourist destination. The negative impact of
tourism on the society, environment, and economy is as follows:
Fig 3: statue of liberty
[Source: Edgell, 2015]
Economy: economic impact can be seen as the USA is the nation of migrants; jobs are shared by
the population of other countries also. And those job seekers are sometimes, targeted by some
politically motivated groups and terrorist organizations (laurie jo miller farr, 2019).
Social: the society is formed by the people of different cultures and diversities and it makes the
country attraction of global tourists. And the tourists bring their culture along and impact the
local culture and give rise to some unfortunate events (Gössling and Peeters, 2015).
8

Environment: the environmental resources are used more than the sustainable level and deplete
continuously. And the great lakes of America are also depleted and many local species, local
communities are also affected by the drug menace of Mexican tourists.
China: China is the largest and most populated country in the world. Many tourists arrive in
China due to its fast development. And the negative impact of tourism on China is as follows:
Mass tourism: the main problem of tourism in China is that the number of travels is more than
the capacity to support them. And put an extra burden on the resources of China. And these
activities also led to the political movements in China.
Environmental impact: the environment of China is impacted negatively by the arrival of tourist
as they use more resources like water, mineral, energy, etc. and pollution in any form especially
the light pollution also increases the carbon footprint and emission of other negative radiations in
the environment (Juliette paemelaere, 2015).
Fig 4: Great Wall of China
[Source: Juliette paemelaere, 2015]
Political and economic impact: the politics of China is very complex but travelers bring
innovative and mass awakening ideas in China. And it also caused political instability for a
while. And it affected the administration of China negatively. And they also impacted negatively
the economy of China by environmental degradation and worsening the way of living and
impacting the lifestyle of the population. And it also affected the working conditions negatively
(Gössling and Peeters, 2015).
9

10

TASK 2
This part covers the tourism situation analysis for a chosen country and it is based on certain
indicators. UK is the chosen country and tourism sector of the UK will be assessed and their
explanation is as follows
Fig 5: UK tourism logo
[Source: Javornik et al., 2017)
Fig 6: map of UK
11

The UK is one of the most lucrative tourist destinations due to its geographical location. It is
surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the English Channel, and the North Sea. Mountains, lakes
and diverse wildlife and masterpieces of ancient architects make the UK most attractive tourist
destination in the world. The visitor's market of the UK is a rapidly growing market and a major
contributor to the GDP and the largest employer in the UK (Edgell, 2015).
Fig 7: UK tourist places
[Source: Edgell, 2015]
Visitor market: The tourist visit market in the UK has seen a positive trend in terms of the
arrival of local as well as global tourists. The visitors visited the UK in the year 2017 is around
40 million and that is 2.9% of global tourism. It generates revenue is around 54,000 euros. And it
is supposed to increase further. And the market experts predict it will grow with more pace than
the UK"s economy in the next decade. Top 10 England cities: London, Manchester, Brighton,
etc. fetched the major share of tourism earning by all the tourism stakeholders of the UK (Benur
and Bramwell, 2015).
12