Global Tourism: Destinations, Trends, Impacts, and Future Development

This report provides a comprehensive overview of global tourism, examining its nature, characteristics, and emerging trends. It analyzes the nature of tourism, current trends such as online travel sales, mobile app usage, and solo travel. The report identifies key tourist-generating and receiving areas, highlighting their infrastructure, natural beauty, and popularity. It assesses the influence of emerging economies on the scale and nature of tourism, as well as the impacts of key and emerging markets. The report also explores the reasons for growth in key tourism areas, including natural beauty and cultural factors. It further investigates the role of international organizations in global tourism development and reviews the threats, issues, and challenges facing the industry, offering recommendations for future management.

Global Tourism
Destinations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Interpret statistics to accurately present an overview of the nature and trends of tourism on a
global scale.............................................................................................................................3
Investigation of characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world. .6
Analyse how the scale and nature of tourism on a global level has been influenced by the
emerging economies...............................................................................................................7
Critically evaluate the impact of both key and emerging markets, and significant factors
affecting global tourism..........................................................................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
Determine specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism generating and receiving
areas of the world...................................................................................................................8
Comparison and contrasting of differences between a range of emerging global tourism
destinations...........................................................................................................................10
Evaluation and comparison of importance of different factors affecting and driving tourism
statistical trends....................................................................................................................12
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
Investigation of role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the development
of global tourism...................................................................................................................12
Evaluation of the key organisations in the growth and development of global tourism .....13
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................14
Review of significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future development of
global tourism.......................................................................................................................14
Analysis of implications of significant threats, issues and challenges to global tourism.....15

Recommendations for managing future development in response to threats, issues and
challenges.............................................................................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17
INTRODUCTION
Global tourism can be defined as the tourism which crosses the international as well as
national borders. Globalisation has brought rise in tourism industry as customers are able to visit
their desirable places which satisfies them at highest level. Global tourism is continuously
developing all around the world which leads to development of national economy (Cornelissen,
2017). This report seeks to present information about the nature, characteristics and the emerging
trends of global tourism to an audience of key decision makers from a number of National
Tourist Boards representing tourism destinations at a conference in London. This project covers
various topics such as examination of scale and nature of global tourism, assessment of growth
and characteristics of key emerging market and destination regions. Along with this, roles of key
organisation in the development of global tourism and significance of threats, issues and
challenges in the future improvement of global tourism are also covered under this report.
TASK 1
Interpret statistics to accurately present an overview of the nature and trends of tourism on a
global scale
Nature of tourism is often related to purpose of travelling. Nature of tourism is constantly
changing as in the initial time people used to travel for food. Later, its revolution turned the
behaviour of travellers towards exploring most interesting places or destinations. Travel and
tourism industry is mainly related with such activities in which appropriate services such as
airlines, package tours, accommodation, tour packages etc. are delivered to tourists according to
their requirements. It is contributing a higher percentage in global economy and development of
world. Nature of tourism is evolving day by day with the passing time. Solo traveller and global
online travels are termed as the changing nature of tourism sector that influences whole industry
in remarkable manner. Along with this, for national level it, it has been analysed that more than

3.5 million of travellers arrives UK within 2019. In order to maintain beauty of destinations and
enhance their sustainability government uses the fund for the development specific destination.
These funds are raised from the total spending of travellers. Total spending of travellers is
identified in UK was around £2.3 billion (London Tourism Report, 2016). The total amount
generated by UK from its visitors is around £15 billion)
On the contrary, at international level it has been identified that number of tourist arrival
in America is 207 million, Africa 65 million, Europe 671 million etc. (2017 International
Tourism Results: the highest in seven years, 2017). All of these depicts number of tourists at
international scale is increasing day by day. The overall revenue generated by tourism industry
especially from ecological and educational tours at global scale is £1.45 trillion (Global
international tourism revenue 2000-2018).
There are various types of trends in the tourism sector. Some of the major trends are as
follows with their statistics:
Global online travel sales: It is one of the major trends in tourism because it is
benefiting the countries to attain long term growth. Now a days most of the individuals prefer to
book their holiday packages online as they are very busy in their daily routine. (Global online
travel sales statistics, 2019). The graph below shows statistics for it:
Illustration 1: Global online travel sales statistics, 2019
§
(Source: Global online travel sales statistics, 2019)

From the above chart it has been analysed that trend of global online travel sales is
contributing in the development of tourism all around the world. It has also been analysed that
travellers feel comfortable while booking their trips with online mode. It also allows users to
execute their instant plans which ultimately leads to increase in sales of travel organisations. A
continuous increment in the value of it could be seen in the above diagram. It has been estimated
that in 2020 around 817.94 billion dollars could be generated as global sales.
Use of mobile application and browser: It is also a trend in tourism sector in which
individuals prefer to book their tickets for travelling through mobile application and other
networks (Use of mobile in tourism industry, 2019). The chart below justifies it:
Illustration 2: Use of mobile in tourism industry, 2019
(Source: Use of mobile in tourism industry, 2019)
The above chart shows that most of the people choose to use mobile app or web to book
their tickets online. 48% individuals book it from Mobile web and 41% of them are booking their
travel packages through mobile apps. It also depicts constantly changing preferences to
travellers. The main reason behind this improvement is convenience of users. This means that
individuals uses desktop for limited period of time which ultimately makes their selection of tour
plans for limited period of time. But, the scenario is different with apps and mobile web as
individuals can use it anytime without any barrier. This directly increases sales of tour packages.
Solo traveller: They are the individual who travels alone for visiting their dream
destinations. It is the emerging trend in tourism industry as people now prefer to visit places
alone at their own level. It has been identified that around 17% of adults are booking their
destinations at their own level in the last five years. Among these, 15% are travelling at purely

solo as they find it more comfortable (Solo travel market growing but industry must do more,
says new Mintel study. 2019). Apart from this, it has also been seen that escort tour are
becoming main preference for the company as they find it most convenient place to visit.
Investigation of characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world
All around the world there are various destinations which are generating and receiving
tourists and attaining growth. Some of such areas are Turkey, Germany, UK, Italy, Vietnam,
United States, Mexico, China, France, Spain etc. All of these are top 10 destinations whose
number of visitors are high. Total number of visitors for these nations are around Spain- 81.8
million, Mexico- 39.3million , Turkey- 39.6million , US- 75.9million , Italy- 58.3 million etc.
This clearly states that if number of visitors of nations is high then it ultimately raises their
revenue too (New Rankings Of The World's Fastest-Growing Tourism Destinations. 2019). All
of them are grabbing attention of tourists all over the world due to some characteristics
(Ezeuduji, 2015). All of them are as follows:
Infrastructure: One of the main characteristic of all the areas is their infrastructure
which is very good. It attracts large number of visitors all around the world as these are
considered as the places which are very beautiful. For instance: Infrastructure of Italy is
effective and modern which attracts travellers a lot and that too leads to enhancement of tourist
generation. The overall peninsula is high connected with developed systems of national roads,
seaports, railways, airports etc. which directly. All these directly attracts customers because gains
better experience during their travel.
Natural beauty: Countries such as Spain (Somiedo Natural Park, Cabo de Gata-
Nijar Natural Park, Gaztelugatxe, etc.), Mexico (Agua Azul Waterfalls, Sumidero Canyon etc.),
China and Italy(Positano, Venice, San Gimignano etc.) are known for their natural beauty which
grab attention of tourists. All of these places directly influences interest of travellers to
experience beauty of these areas at least once in a life. This ultimately increases number of
travellers for these places.
Popularity: Most of the places which are visited by individuals all around the world are
due to their popularity. For example, UK have various beautiful destinations such as London
(Big Ben, Fairy wheel etc.), Amsterdam (historic building, Anne Frank house, the canals
etc.)etc. Along with this, Paris in France is popular because of it Eiffel Tower which is

considered as one of the best creation in world. All these places are having popularity which
attracts visitors to visit them (Gössling and Peeters, 2015).
Analyse how the scale and nature of tourism on a global level has been influenced by the
emerging economies
There are large number of emerging economies have their contribution in the
development of tourism at global level. The development seen over the tourism on both aspects
its scale and nature. India is emerging economy which has huge contribution towards the
development of nature of tourism. The different kind of activities which are shown from the side
of Indian organisations includes emergence of different type of tourism like pilgrimage,
adventures, sports, natural etc. Contribution of India in development of the nature of tourism is
shown over global industry as different nations indulge in providence of the same kind of
tourism activities. For instance: China uses different cultural programs such as Huangshan
Mountain International Tourist Festival and Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival for
promoting their cultural and heritage of China in order to attract maximum number of customers.
These programs have also promoted rest of the tourism nations to organise some more programs
in their nation too in order to enhance their number tourism day by day.
Different European countries have their huge contribution in improvement of the tourism
activities. These different associated nations have huge contribution in the attraction of large
number of tourists towards their different offerings. Adoption of these cultural programs have
increased number of travellers in countries. Increased number of traveller in US is 75.9million
and Italy is 58.3 million.
Critically evaluate the impact of both key and emerging markets, and significant factors affecting
global tourism
London Eye is famous tourism destination of UK which is becoming favourite part of tourist
to visit in UK. This tourism destination has impacted market a lot in both the positive and
negative manner. Increase is number of travellers for this destination is seen as the positive
influence of tourism as it enhances revenue for UK tourism in rapid manner. On the other hand,
its negative influence can be seen in the decline of other tourism destination of United Kingdom
as interest of people are increasing a lot towards London Eye which directly or indirectly become
reason for the decline in tourism for rest of the places of UK.

TASK 2
Determine specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism generating and receiving areas
of the world
There are various key global tourism generating and receiving areas which are
contributing in the development of cross border tourist and international economy. Some of the
regions are Egypt, Togo, Vietnam, France, Spain, Italy, United States, China, Mexico, UK etc.
All these countries are continuously attaining growth due to enhancement in tourism at these
places. Some of the main reasons behind it are as follows:
 Natural appearance and amazing cultural facts: Natural beauty is termed as an
essential factor which influences interest of travellers towards the destinations. These
places provides soothing environment to all that leads to generation of global toursim.
Some natural places of France are Marseille, French Riveria etc. and Italy are Positano,
Venice, San Gimignano etc. attract people a lot and influences them again and again to
visit it (Higham, 2018). It has been identified France around 90 million of foreign tourists
visited in the year 2018. This record is one million higher as compared to the past year
data (France was world's top tourist destination in 2018 with 90 million visitors, 2019).
On the contrary, it has been explored that tourism arrival record of Italy in the year 2017
was around 420 millions (Record numbers of tourists are arriving in Italy, study shows,
2018). This simply states that tourism industry is booming and contribute a lot in overall
development. First and foremost reason behind the growth and development of all these
tourism receiving and generating areas is that all of them are tourist destinations. Every
year end number of individuals visit these places and enjoy beauty of them.
 End number of places to visit: Another reason behind the growth of the tourism
receiving and generating places is that there are various attractive places which are
grabbing attention of tourists. For example, France is famous due to Ski resorts, beaches,
Alpine mountains and last but not the least The Eiffel Tower of Paris. Rest of the places
are also famous due to various reason. Spain is famous for its night life and
Somiedo Natural Park, Cabo de Gata-Nijar Natural Park, Gaztelugatxe, etc., United
States have attractive places such as Grand Canyon, The attractive place in China is Five
Sacred Mountains, Chengdu, Shanghai, Xi'an etc., Italy provides opportunity to
individuals to experience Positano, Venice, San Gimignano etc. and Roman Empire.

 Introduction to heritage: Tourists are mainly interested in knowing culture and heritage
of different places. The areas such as Spain, Italy, China, Paris etc. are attaining higher
growth in tourism because all of them provides opportunity to visitors to get insight in to
their cultures. It helps to attract large number of tourists from different places all around
the world (Jovicic, 2014). For instance: Tourism department and agencies of UK
organises Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival, Shanghai Tourism Festival,
Huangshan Mountain International Tourist Festival etc. all of these cultural programs are
conducted for promoting tourism places of China among tourist (Famous Tourism
Festivals in China. 2004).
 4 A's of destinations for Costa Rica: Costa Rica is seen as the most popular tourism
destination among traveller which is grabbing attention of customers with its luxury
scenes. It is considered as the one of the popular emerging destinations that is providing
hike to tourism industry. The destination is mainly popular for national parks (Manuel
Antonio & Manuel Antonio National Park (Corcovado National Park & Drake Bay,
Tortuguero National Park etc.), Santa Teresa & Mal Pais, Tamarindo, Playa
Langosta & Playa Grande, Arenal Volcano National Park & La Fortuna etc. All these
destinations are collaboratively making Costa Rica star attraction of America. The
amenities provided at these places includes safari adventures, fishing, paragliding etc. It
also includes emergency services which are available for all of its customers.
Accommodation services of this destination is up to the mark. This destination mainly
provides good quality of accommodation and catering services to customers that
completely based upon spending capacity of traveller. Visiting places of these
destinations are easily accessible to visitors with the medium of railways, water, roads
and air. All of these A's states that different places of this destination are contributing
higher growth to the global tourism.
 4 A's of destinations for Guyana: This destination is identified as the undiscovered
nation of South America which is currently using medium of ecotourism in order to
promote its tourism places. This destination is mainly consist of natural environment
spots that covers savannah, rainforest and coastal city. Natural beauty places of this
destination is the only factors that attracts tourists a lot across the globe. Accommodation

within the city are comfortable which provides effective and remember able experience to
all visitors. All of the basic as well as luxury amenities are here given to travellers that
enhances their level of satisfaction during their traveller. The destination also allows
tourist to easily approach it with the best suitable medium in effective manner.
Comparison and contrasting of differences between a range of emerging global tourism
destinations
For comparing and contrasting different destinations, Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC)
can be used. This model describes how a tourism place move through a number of phases – that
are exploration, involvement, development and stagnation. At exploration phase, new tourists or
product is introduced to attract tourists, while involvement stage enhance of visitors base.
Similarly, third phase i.e. at development, public policy as well as investment is required for a
new destination in order to sustain development. Furthermore, at consolidation stage number of
visitors increased and last phase for adaption of new product, more promotion is needed.
Illustration 3: TALC Model

Comparison and contrasting of different global tourism destinations: The destinations which
are selected for the comparison on Costa Rica and Guyana -
Basis of
Comparison
Costa Rica – As a luxury
destination
Guyana: An emerging destination in
South America
Phases of
TALC Model
The destination of Costa Rica with
luxury scene, is continuously drawing
attention of travellers, where escorted
journeys like wildlife experience,
adrenaline and rainforests activities
shows that it is on involvement phase
of TALC model of tourism.
It is relatively an undiscovered emerging
destination of South America that now
promotes itself in tourism world as an
ecotourism destination, so it is on
development phase of TALC model.
Growth
factors
Costa Rica is one of the most
attracted emerging destination among
American countries that influence a
number visitors to visit its insight
vacations. It includes volcanoes and
surrounding areas, with new beaches
and inclusive resorts as well as
recently opened Planet Hollywood
Beach Resort are attracting tourists
more.
Guyana is also considered as one of the
most paid tourism country of America,
where outdoor venture, wildlife, fishing
and other attracting features provide
authentic experience that shows growth
factors of this emerging destination in
enhancing tourism.
Strategies for
attracting
tourism
Development of new routes and
increase connections with outside
world, are the main strategy of
government of Costa Rica to enhance
tourism.
In order to enhance tourism and step
ahead on TALC model, government of
this country develop a comprehensive
strategy for sustainable growth, that
includes digital and social media, web

development, e-mail marketing and
more, to increase engagement of
investment markets (Netherlands and
Germany) and core markets (Canada
and UK) for enhancing tourism.
Evaluation and comparison of importance of different factors affecting and driving tourism
statistical trends
There are various factors which are affecting and driving tourism statistical trends. In
Costa Rica, it includes attractiveness of wildlife experience, rainforest activities and more, helps
in attracting more tourism. While development of new routes and marketing procedures to
increase connections with international tourism digital technology, also aid Costa Rica to attract
new visitors. Similarly, Guyana which is also counted as one of the emerging destination, uses
digital trends of marketing for attracting the tourists of both domestic and international area.
TASK 3
Investigation of role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the development of
global tourism
In enhancing global tourism, a number of international travel and tourism organisations have
played a significant role. It includes United Nation World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO),
International Air Transport Association, European Travel Commission, TUI UK, Thomas Cook,
Air BnB and more. Hereby, UNWTO includes membership of 158 countries and 500 members
of educational institutions and private sectors, that work in collaboration for development of
global tourism. It is considered as the biggest contribution in enhancing world’s GDP to over
3.6% and given employment to more than 77 million people worldwide (Current Global
Tourism, 2019). Similarly, TUI the world’s number one tourism operator that operates around
more than 180 destinations worldwide, give turnover of €19.5billion per year in enhancing
global tourism (TUI UK & Ireland, 2019). Roles and Responsibilities of these key international
organisation in enhancing tourism can be determined by -
Reducing barriers for tourism: Enterprises such as TUI and World Tourism Organisation
are playing vital role in the reduction of barriers, which are affecting international tourism by
following the concept of globalisation. These international organisations are still working for

reducing territorial and political barriers, so that tourists who are willing to take a global tour can
easily fulfil their desires. Hereby, main responsibility of such enterprises which is beneficial for
the development of international tourism, include development of new policies, providing
supporting infrastructure, regulating market and facilitating travel for sustainable tourism
growth. These processes also helps to improve the global economy so that sustainability could be
acquired (Saarinen and Lenao, 2014).
Attracting tourists by offering them interesting tourism packages: UNWTO is one of the
largest international organisation which helps in the development of tourism all around the
world. For this purpose, it mainly concerns on setting standards like safety and security of
tourists. It also responsible for managing crises and disasters that affect travel and tourism
industry, by developing cohesive and effective tourism policy like free trade agreements. It has a
major role in the enhancement of touristy as it try to increase interest of individuals to visit
different countries by providing attractive packages. The organisation has a responsibility to
develop the global tourism by making sure that it provides fascinating packages to people all
around the world so that they can travel to different places.
Promoting international tourism: UNWTO and other international organisations, play the
role of promoter of global touristy which is advantages for development of international tourism.
It includes stimulating the inclusive as well as sustainable tourism growth, coordination between
private and public organisations by promoting investment, new tourism centres and niche
products and more, to reach towards maximum number of customers and increase their interest
for global tours (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014).
Evaluation of the key organisations in the growth and development of global tourism
It has been analysed that TUI, UNWTO and other international organisations, have played
the significant role in enhancing tourism, by operating business in many countries and providing
a number of facilities to visitors in visiting the place across the nations. They have given
employment to millions of people worldwide that helps in enhancing per capita income and
make them able to visit destinations (Kiráľová and Pavlíčeka, 2015). Along with this, these
international organisations are also taking a number of actions for accelerating the shift towards
production in tourism and sustainable consumptions. It includes community-based tourism, eco-
tourism programs, environment and quality standards, initiatives for sustainable destination,

giving prioritisation for low carbon forms of tourism etc. These actions will contribute to Agenda
for Sustainable Tourism Development till 2030.
TASK 4
Review of significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future development of
global tourism
Globalisation is considered as one of the main challenge of tourism development due to
over-exploitation of environment to meet continuous supply and demand of tourists. Similarly,
maintenance of sustainability, increasing terrorism, changes in climatic conditions are some of
the factors that affect tourism from last few years (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014). These issues
are also created threats in front of international organisations in future development of tourism,
in following manner -
Safety and Security:
Modern aircraft, trains, cruise ships and different modes of transport, have enabled the
global mobility that allow people to easily travel a destination of other nations in relatively cheap
manner. Along with this, with rise of globalisation, international banking systems to visitors to
access money easily from anywhere. But this may lead to create a number of threats and issues in
front of international organisations, regarding safety and security of visitors (Saarinen and
Lenao, 2014). It includes hijack of planes, inaccessibility of public transportation and more, that
creates a threat or the biggest challenge for government and international organisations of travel
industry to drive global tourism. It provides growth opportunities also for travel companies or
tourism boards to work more with local law enforcement and governments to provide better
security infrastructure for travellers, so that they can safely explore the new destinations.
Terrorism:
A network of terror unfolded the biggest threat in front of international organisations in
enhancing global tourism. Increasing terrorism drives growth development factors in terms of
framing most effective law enforcement policies and procedures to protect system of travels,
supply chains, infrastructure and financial institutions from terrorism. To overcome this threat,
UNWTO, TUI and other international organisations works on strengthening their capacities for
recovering in more quick and immediate way from terrorism attacks, as well as minimising the

disruption for legitimating travel and tourism (Lew, Hall and Williams, 2014). Safety is now at
the top priority for travel organisations while developing policies for enhancing global tourism.
Climatic Conditions:
Climatic changes and global warming are considered as pull factors that assists
organisations and government to be concerned more on reducing impact of carbon and excessive
uses of natural resources to protect ecosystem. Now, UNWTO, Air BnB, European Travel
Commission and other organisations are focused on integrating approaches that helps in
development of Sustainable Tourism, by taking remedial actions and making a large investment
in CSR activities, framing new strategic policies to reduce negative impact of tourism on
ecosystem. Hereby, growing awareness of importance helps in promoting more government
policies for lower carbon activities and develop sustainability as well.
Analysis of implications of significant threats, issues and challenges to global tourism
In developing sustainable tourism, identification of various types of threats, issues and
challenges help international government in making better policies and laws affect future
development of tourism (Saarinen, Rogerson and Hall, 2017). As terrorism is the main threat of
current and future development of tourism, therefore, taking remedial actions, implementation of
General Assembly and Security Council resolutions, help in combatting the same. Along with
this, threat of terrorism, also result in developing collaboration among international organisations
and local government of each country, to eliminate this issue for future development. Similarly,
another main challenge that drives tourism in better way is security and safety concern. Airlines
hijack, crash of airplanes, drown of ships and other modes of transportation, arise threat for
people to visit a destination (Torres-Delgado and Saarinen, 2014). For addressing this threat of
security, government now provide proper guidelines to travellers for protecting themselves in
case of emergency. In addition to this, increasing global warming and natural calamities issues,
that create threats for future development of tourism, government and both private organisations
now making more investment on CSR activities.
Recommendations for managing future development in response to threats, issues and challenges
In order to overcome from various threats and challenges, some recommendations that help
in promoting sustainable tourism are given as below –
Increasing terrorism: At global level, terrorism is one of the main challenges that forces
international organisations to develop more effective policies, by collaboration with local

enforcement law and local government. As terrorism leads to cause fear and panic under people,
for visiting a destination, therefore, to counter this threat, international organisations are required
to develop robust contingency plans, risk management protocols and disaster recovery
programmes. Along with this, utilise digital technologies to run effective and interactive
communication campaign that influence people to visit a destination.
Continuous increment in ensuring the safety and security of tourists: With the
development of tourism all around the world, it becomes more essential for Ministry of Tourism
and international organisations to give priority towards safety and security of tourists. It is one of
the biggest challenges which can affect future development of tourism. For this process, it is
recommended to international organisations to issue guidelines, regarding on Safety and Security
of visitors for Union Territories/ States. They must bring awareness among travellers for the
importance of safety and risk management, by launching social media awareness campaign.
Strategies to overcome from climatic conditions: To penetrate climatic conditions,
organisations that deal in travel industry, need to make better strategies. It includes transport
policy like investment in alternatives of petroleum-based fuels like biofuels to reduce Co2
emission; run Sustainable Tourism Programme such as ‘No to Plastic’ Never Buy Wild-life
products’ and more. Along with this, making investment in CSR activities will help in protecting
the environment and growing tourism ethically.
CONCLUSION
From the above project report, it has been concluded that global tourism helps individuals to
travel all around the world without any border or barrier. The major trends in tourism sector are
online sales and mobile applications which are contributing in enhancement of revenues. The
characteristics which attract visitors to visit different destinations are their natural beauty,
infrastructure etc. Destination life cycle is required to be analysed by different countries in order
to preserve famous places by declining interest of tourists towards destination places. Key role
and responsibility of international organisations have helped in reducing barriers for tourism,
attract tourists etc. the threats, challenges and issues for future development of touristy are
terrorism and increasing cost of visiting famous places. It is very important for legal parties to
take control over them so that tourism could be developed in future.

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