Global Tourism Destinations: Trends, Issues, and Challenges Report

This report, prepared for the ICON College of Technology and Management's BTEC HND in Travel & Tourism Management, offers a comprehensive overview of global tourism destinations. It begins with an introduction to global tourism, highlighting its significance and the selection of the Melia White House Hotel as a case study. The report then delves into the interpretation of tourism statistics, presenting an overview of the nature and trends in global tourism, including data on tourist arrivals and revenue generation in various countries. It explores the characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas, emphasizing infrastructure, tourism sites, and transportation. The report further investigates the specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism areas, examining geographical appeal and the role of cultural heritage and natural attractions. It also addresses the role and responsibilities of key international organizations in the development of global tourism and reviews various threats, issues, and challenges to the future development of global tourism. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings and references.

ICON College of Technology and Management
Department of Travel & Tourism Management
BTEC HND in Travel and Tourism Management
Coursework
Global Tourism Destinations
Tutor: Ramsurrum Nishi
Submitted by Mihaela Cucos
ID No: 16441
Session: September 2019
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
LO1..................................................................................................................................................5
Interpretation of statistics to present an overview of the nature and trends ................................5
Characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of world.......................................8
LO 2...............................................................................................................................................10
Specific reasons for growth of key global tourism generating and receiving area of the world
....................................................................................................................................................10
Compare and contrast the difference between emerging global destination in relation to stages
....................................................................................................................................................11
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................14
Investigate the role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the development
of global tourism........................................................................................................................14
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................16
Review the significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future development of
global tourism............................................................................................................................16
CONCLUSISON ...........................................................................................................................17
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................19
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INTRODUCTION
Global tourism is refers as tourism out of the national border which are enjoys by
passengers in their vacations. There are different places to see which make feel good to
customers and create a clean and clear picture in people's mind. Global tourism destination is
related with physical place or area that attracts people to see wonderful places and build a
wonderful experiences (Brondoni, 2016). It helps to enhance the value of geographical area and
national borders by providing good quality of services to customers. To understand about global
tourism destination Melia White House Hotel has been selected that provides wide range of
services to its customer by crossing the national border. This report discusses about trends of
tourism, characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving area of world, specific reason for
growth and difference between range of global tourism destination. Further this report cover, role
and responsibilities of international organisation, several threats issue that challenges to future
development of global tourism.
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Main Body
LO1
Interpretation of statistics to present an overview of the nature and trends
Global tourism refers as temporary movement of people for the purpose of leisure
recreational that make people happy. This is the interconnection between tourist and tourism
destination where people spent their precious time with their family and enjoys life. Tourism are
considers as a person who stays and travels from their own place to other place and creatine a
value. There are many changes arrived in market, environment and trend that can be challenges
for organisation (Mendola and Volo, 2017). Such changes occurs due to various characteristics,
factors and features of tourist destination. Due to changes in environment and trend of market
number of tourist has been increased. In world, different countries are exists such as Canada,
Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom, Australia, Norway, France, India, Russia, Mexxico, Brazil
etc. It has been seen that in UK there 37.9 million, in France 86 million, in US 79.62 million, in
Spain 82.6 million, in China 141.2 million, in Italy 63million, in Turkey 39.5million, in
Germany 62.7 million, in Mexico 41.4 million people were visited the different destination in the
2018 which help to increase the economical condition of country. There has many destination to
see and which attracts people towards themselves. In countries have various tourist destination
which are responsible for increasing number of visitors. The table shows the number of visitors
in top countries of 2015-2018 that are showing the increasing number of visitors such as:
Country Tourist
destination or
cities
Number of
Arrivals 2016
Number of
Arrivals 2017
Number of
Arrivals 2018
Source of
information
United
Kingdom
Lake district
Scottish
highlands
London
Cambridge
37.6 million 39 million 37.9 million Statics of
visitors in UK,
2019.
France Toulouse 84 million 80 million 86 million Statics of
visitors in
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Cannes
Nantes
Paris
Lyon
France,
,2018.
United States New York
San Francisco
Las Vegas
Maui
76 million 76.9 million 79.62 million Statics of
visitors in US,
2019.
Spain Seville
Valencia
Malaga
Alicante
123.5 million 129.4 million 82.6 million Statics of
visitors in
Spain, 2018.
China Hong Kong
Macau
Shanghai
Beijing
Suzhou
138 million 139.48 million 141.2 million Statics of
visitors in
China, 2018.
Italy Rome
Pisa
Capri
Milan
56 million 60 million 63 million Statics of
visitors in
Italy, 2018
Turkey Izmir
Istanbul
15 million 17.6 million 39.5 Statics of
visitors in
Turkey, 2019.
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Ankara
Gaziantep
Germany Berlin
Munich
Hamburg
Bermen
37.5 million 38.9 million 62.7 million Statics of
visitors in
Germany,
2019
Mexico Lake Texcoco
Angel of
independence
Museo Soumaya
Chapultepec
35.1 million 39.3 million 41.4 million Statics of
visitors in
Mexico, 2018.
Income and expenditure generated by international tourism such as:
Nations Revenue generated Expenditure (in billions)
UK 2850 GBP million 57.6
China 5.97 164.9
Spain 9397 15.6
Germany 42955.06 92.2
US 20901 110.8
France 5992 47.8
Turkey 4402 8.2
Mexico 1411433.53 232.6 US dollar
(Source: Revenues generated from tourism, 2019)
Tourism travel for different reasons such as
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 People are interested to visit the different places because of they wants to visit
with their friends and family. They wants to spent time with their friends by
visiting other places which helps to increase the tourism sector and increase
profitability.
 Some people are also interested to visit the adventure trip so they make plans to
visit the other places and feel good. For adventure trips they selects adventure
destination such as hill are, highest mountains, climbing etc.
 Religious is another reason for which people make plans to visit the different
destinations which processed to tourism destination. People who are interested in
spirituals they visit the different destination which helps to increase the tourism
destination.
 Some time people visit the different destination due to medical reason as people
visit the places due to medical reason which may be another reason of travelling.
There may be some reasons for contribution such as:
 Time : This means people spends their time with family and friends which
contributes in tourism destination.
 Disposable income: This means people select the destination as per their income
which helps to contribute in travel and tourism.
 Culture: This means people have different culture which helps to create a feeling
of visiting the different destinations and leads to global tourism destination.
 Information available: Information can changes the mind set of people which
helps to increase the interest of people and make them happy.
Dark Tourism: This has been defined as travel to place historically which are connected
with death and tragedy. In other words, those places where history has been occurred due to
some accidental events. This creates interest of people to visit such places and know more about
those incidents. For example, Castles and battlefields, Wales and the Jack the Ripper exhibition
in London Dungeon that create interest of people to visit such places.
Characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of world
Tourism is the important sector for economic development of any country which focuses
on different destination and attracts passengers to see the best destination. In competitive
environment, countries mainly focuses on effective work, good transportation and
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accommodation which helps make right decisions (Brondoni, 2017). In countries there are two
types of area in tourist destination such as generating and receiving that influences travellers to
get best services. There are various international tourism such as America, London, Spain, Italy,
China, US, Mexico etc. develop the receiving and generating area. Receiving area means
naturally build area where as generating area consider man build destination that attracts people
to enjoy.
Characteristics tourist generating and receiving areas:
Attractive infrastructure: Tourism involves receiving and generating area by building
attractive structure that helps to attract people and make feel them good. In receiving area
government spent funds to make it more attractive that helps to contribute in improving the
national economy. For example, Kew Gardens, St Paul's Cathedral and Chester Zoo are example
of generating area where as Lake district, Cairngorms, Gaint Causeway etc. are examples of
receiving area which have good infrastructure provide peace to people. People are interested to
visit such places by contributing in this nations.
Tourism sites: This consider as natural beauty and attraction sites that grab the attention
of travellers or tourists. It is important that the tourist sites should be attractive and peacefully
that make happy customers and helps to select furthermore. For example, the tourism attraction
point in France is Eiffel tower, Lascaus'x ancient cave, Mont Blac, Lourve museum which are
generating and receiving area divert the attention of tourists towards itself. Moreover, in Spain
the attraction points are La Sagrada Familia, Park Guell, Seniedo natural park and many more
which helps to contribute in GDP and National income.
Popularity of renowned destination: Tourists mainly seek that places which as much
popularity and giving high return such as Eiffel tower, Lake district, natural beauty, seas,
beaches etc. it helps to boost up the location due to popularity of destination and increases
number of visitors effectively (Veiga and et. al., 2017).
Transportation: It is another characteristics of tourist destination that increases the
number of visitors by increasing the accessibility of tourist's destination. For example, Melia
White house Hotel provides best transportation facility to its customers for visiting the tourist
destination which attracts them and increase the national economy. It also gives safe and secure
transportation to their visitors which influences tourism sectors.
4 A’s of destination are as defined:
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Tourism is a crucial business as it involves intangible products and services which are
important or non-transferable ownership to others.
It involves 4A's of attraction that are as defined:
Attraction: in tourism sector services are consider as most attractive that attracts people
to visit the places. If services or destination are not attractive then no one will visit that place or
consume the service. So it is important for tourism to provided the attractive destination as well
as services for the purpose of attract the visitors.
Amenities: it is also playing an important role in tourism destination. It means services
provided in different destination places that should be proper and facilitated that helps to retain
or join the visitors as well. By getting such services people get attracts and influence positively.
Accessibility: it is also needed for tourism to deal with all accessibility by providing
services to visitors. Such as it deals with traveling where transportation is playing an important
role that helps to operate the tourism. Tourism is not possible if proper accessibility is not
provided by organization.
Ancillary: This is another need of tourism destination where proper accommodation
services should be provided to people. It offers overnight stay, proper logging and goofing
which are essence for visitors and attract perfectly .
Thus, as a whole, 4As in tourism are like the essential body parts without which tourism
becomes meaningless.
LO 2
Specific reasons for growth of key global tourism generating and receiving area of the world
Tourism is highly important sector that helps in growth and development of country by
integrating one area to other area. It attracts the people and set their minds towards best
destination to visits. Visitors mainly get attracts by cultural heritage, amusement park, natural
beauty, monuments, beaches, seas and so on. It is an opportunity for any country to enhance their
economical development by providing employment opportunity. It helps to increases the foreign
exchange as many tourists from different country comes and enjoys destination by paying
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foreign currencies that increases foreign exchange (Booyens, 2016). It helps to create many
employment opportunity and increases national income by contributing in country. Moreover, it
helps to improve the living standard of people as they get jobs and fill their all needs and wants.
Geographical appeal of different tourism destination: This refers beautiful destination
which involves Coastal beach resort, Islands, National parks and Wildlife reserves attracts people
towards visiting and getting enjoys. Such as UK, China and France are tourism destination where
people comes to visit the tourist destination like national parks, coastal beach resorts etc. In UK,
Ruislip Lido Beach, Fenshman Beach, Walton on the Naze whereas Peak district, Brecon
Beacons are the national park of such nation. Le Touquet, Ti al Lannec, Hossegor etc. Beaches in
France and Ecrins national park, Mercantour national park in such nation which attracts people.
Historical and cultural appeal of tourism destination: It is related with historical
places called as receiving area that influence people from their history. Such as in UK there are
many historical and cultural places such as Stonehenge Wilshire, Tower of London, Warwick
Castle and many more which were established from last years and created a good value for
customers. In France, Nimes Arena, Eiffel Tower, Pont du Gard and many are the historical
places.
There are various reasons that are used in growth of global tourism that are as
defined:
Heritage and cultural engagement: Tourists are highly curious to know the new
cultural and heritage destination in different countries that helps to generate the high revenues. If
country is not able to shows new destination according to cultural and heritage then it can loss
money contribution and reducing in national income (Avraham and Ketter, 2017). Such as UK,
Paris, Spain, India, China, Turkey, Italy, US etc. Heritage and cultural destination shows
collection of different human creation that attracts visitors globally. Various events are organises
in UK such as Shanghai festival, snow festival etc. that is used to promote the tourism of country
and enhance the growth of such country.
Natural appearances: This consider as part of natural beauty which influences travellers
in order to visit the such places. It helps to increases the interest of people and emphasis them to
avail again such services. The tourist advisor of Melia White House Hotel assist the visitors and
organize trips for them at natural places. There are many natural places in UK such as Scafell
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Pike and the Screes, Mt. Snowdon Kynance Cove and Seven sisters cliffs that appeals traveller's
interest also create word mouth advertisement in order to increase number of visitors.
Compare and contrast the difference between emerging global destination in relation to stages
Emerging destination: This means those places or destination that satisfy the needs and
wants of new generation of attendees and planners by increasing the interest of experienced
travellers (Ruan, Li and Liu, 2017). This destination mainly looking towards new and whole
experience. According to World Tourism Organisation, travellers or arrivals in this destination
are projected to increase by 4.4 % during and upcoming years.
Mature destination: This means those resorts or destination where mass tourism
occurred on the Mediterranean coastline in 1950s and 60s. At the completed of 1980s it become
saturated with tourists where no long offered new attraction. In other words, mature destination
is a new tool to forecast internal composition on demand (Mohsin, Ramli and Alkhulayfi, 2016).
Herein, quality of tourist services had diminished due to increasing competition and decreasing
income.
The stages of destination area life cycle: Butler model is given by Richard W. Butler's
in 1980 for the purpose of development of tourism (Adeyinka-Ojo and Nair, 2016). It involves
following steps to develop the tourism that are as defined:
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Illustration 1: Butler's model, 2019
Source: Butler's model, 2019
Exploration: This step involves small number of tourist who attracted to something
special like historical places, cultural features, beaches and landscape (Butler's model of tourism
and development, 2019).
Involvement: This step contains those people who lives in local area and wants to see
the opportunities available and provide accommodation,food, transport, guidance and other
services which can be use by tourist (Zaidan, 2016).
Development: This step involves larger size organisation that builds hotels, leisure
complex and advertisement of holiday packages which attracts people and get services. It helps
to increase the number if tourist and also creates job opportunities for local that is advantages for
people.
Consolidation: Tourism is integral part of economy that helps to develop the location
and country by spending the amounts. In this phase, Rowdiness may be an issue in destination as
many people is much more steady about tourism.
Stagnation: This is decline step where number of visitors go down or decline due to
ignoring fashionable destination. In other words. Destination become unfashionable that reduces
the number of visitors and businesses goes fall down.
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