Pearson BTEC HND: Global Travel and Tourism Patterns and Trends Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of global travel and tourism patterns and trends. It begins with an introduction to the industry's historical development and its contribution to the economy. The report then delves into the key developments and various elements within the travel industry, including transportation, accommodation, and entertainment, as well as their interrelationships. It explores factors influencing tourist behavior, including geographical, social, and cultural factors, and examines motivational theories such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The report also highlights current trends and patterns in travel and tourism, followed by an assessment of factors impacting the current level of popularity of global destinations. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings and provides references for further reading. This assignment aims to offer a thorough understanding of the dynamics and drivers of the global travel and tourism sector.

GLOBAL TRAVEL
AND TOURISM
PATTERN AND
TRENDS

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Key developments and different elements of travel industry.................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Factors that are related with tourist behaviour and motivational theories..............................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
Key trends and current patterns in travel and tourism............................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
Factors impacting on current level of popularity...................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism industry is enhancing their business size with rapid speed among all over
the world. Along with this, travel as well as tourism sector also contributing maximum efforts for
the development of economy. Tourism sector attracts large number of customers through
representing gardens, buildings and local sites. The business firm in this sector is also
contributing in generating better experience for individuals related with journey. Along with this
the current report highlights on historical development of travel and tourism industry (Long,
2013). Moreover, explanation about different elements of travel and tourism sector and its inter-
relation with in all departments will also be focused in this report. So the decision-making
process of the organisation and its aspects is also focused in the report. Moreover, the model of
motivation and their influence on consumer decision making process will be included in this
report. In the last, factors affecting on the global destination is also focused in the upcoming
report.
TASK 1
Key developments and different elements of travel industry
Briefing paper
Development in tourism and travel sector
From the past or ancient times, individuals are travelling from one place to another in
order to explore new things in the world. As the development of world is increasing people are
more aware about the tourism factor. Like from recent century, rich people visit coastal and
hilly areas to spend their free time. The main motive to visit these areas is to get peaceful
environment. After some time people started to take interest in other countries as to visit them.
So the business of accommodating such as hotel, inn and resorts is enhanced. Due to which
people get a place to eat, sleep and stay. People who have high income and wealth engage
themselves to develop a place which is used to fulfil the needs of travellers and to earn some
money from it. Further, as the era or trend changes purpose for the visit also reformed like
educational purpose, business purpose and many more. From the 19th century travel business is
increasing with rapid speed such as development of airlines, ships and cruise due to which
development of resorts, hotels and restaurant business is also enhanced. This results the
business of travel industry is also increased. The first travel industry of UK was Cox & Kings

which was founded by Richard Cox in the year 1758. Further, in the 20th century with the
popularity of trains automobile sector will also be enhanced (McWha and et. al., 2016). So the
new transportation system which is based on fast and effective medium works as a milestone in
the growth of travel and tourism sector. Mercedes-Benz is one of the best example that is
developed with the motive of satisfying the needs of travellers. After the era of 1952,
international connectivity among the countries started which determines the start of flights from
London to other capital countries. So the growth of tourism sector is enhanced with double
pace. With the growth of travel industry, hospitality business also increased which includes the
business of travel agents, tourism etc.
With the above discussion it is understand that milestone for the present travel industry
are changing due to which more complexity is seen in the market. With the pass of this
milestone it is easy for management to grow their business easily. Moreover, with the
development of this milestone needs as well as demands of customers are satisfying in
appropriate manner. Like with the adoption of technological changes it is easy for travel
organisation to complete their work in short period. From road to water and then in air, travel
industry is growing rapidly and its attracts large number of customers to travel from one place
to another.
Sectors which are related with global travel and tourism experience
Large number of different sector is engage in the working culture and techniques of
travel and tourism industry that offers a good experience to customers. This includes food,
accommodation, transportation and beverage sector. In the context of travel industry there are
various preferences are included by customers which all are utilised to provide better
experience to customers (Minca and Oakes, eds., 2012). Further, this sector also provides
product and services as per the demand of customers. Some of the sector are mention as follow:
Transportation- This is related with the source that is beneficial to travel from one place to
another such as bus, train and aeroplane.
Accommodation- It relates with accommodation facilities which are hotels, inns and resorts
where people stay for a short term period.
Entertainment- All the services which fulfil the purpose of relax are included in entertainment
aspect such as pool, club, pub and casino.
Elements of travel industry along with their inter-relation

Travel and tourism sector is increasing with rapid speed due to which competition in the market
is also intense in the market. Therefore, the business must adopt all the changes that is
beneficial to satisfy the need of customers. Some direct and indirect elements are mention as
below:
Direct elements
These elements are directly linked with the experience of customers such as journey,
transportation, food service etc. The main motive of direct elements is to boost the productivity
of their services due to which customers satisfaction will be increased in the market. Like the
quality of food, stay period in hotel and the repletion of customers are some of the methods
which represent the goodwill of hotel in the market. In the context of UK, transportation
services to move from one place to another is effective as well as efficient, it governs that it is
easy for traveller to go from one place to another in minimum time and at low rate. Therefore,
London is one of the most favourite tourist destinations among all over the world.
Indirect elements
After the satisfaction from direct elements, tourist or visitor get experience from
indirect elements such as water supply, electricity power, behaviour of people and many more.
So it is also mandatory for hotels and travel operators to provide this services in effective
manner as it is related with customers satisfaction level. When this services are provided by
hotel in appropriate manner than it will leave positive image in the society about the
organisation (Moutinho and Vargas-Sanchez, eds., 2018).
Inter-relation among both of this elements is as follow:
An individual look for various facilities that are provided by tour operator in its package
while booking or planning the travel plan for them. This undertakes the person that is used to
determine the type of accommodation, transportation and other services which are required to
visit a particular location that can arrange by tour agency in package. After deciding all this
policy the purpose of visiting a place is to get entertainment that is fulfilled by Wi-fi, electricity
power and water supply (indirect elements). So it is easy for management to enjoy the journey
without facing issue and experiences.
TASK 2
Factors that are related with tourist behaviour and motivational theories

Different factors are present in a country that resists a customer to visit a particular
country or location. it also results that the travel and tourism sector is impacted because the
behaviour of customers is impacted by several factors. Like social and cultural factor consider
the customers to travel from one place to another. It includes to travel from one place to another
and to stay at a place or not. This determines if the relations between two countries are not good
then both of the country citizens does not visit each other country. Some factors related to this
are mention as follow:
Geographical factor- This factor includes climatic condition and types of surroundings in
which a place is located. So by considering the geographical aspect an individual analysis that
to visit a particular place or not. Example- when an inter-national visitor decided to visit
London then they check the climatic condition of UK and review of other visitor who already
visit the place. It helps them to arrange all resources which are required in London.
Social factor- It is one of the essential factor which is associated with changing needs and
preferences in a society. The customers are one of the most essential aspects for a country
which lead a business to achieve huge success in market. According to the present market
conditions technology is one of the most important consent for the organisation which leads
travel managers to deal with more number of visitors. So with the changing needs business
firms and customers are taking proper decision as it helps to understand the market needs and
customers taste. Example- All citizens of UK visit church on each Sunday irrespective of their
culture because it makes their mind peaceful (Ormond, 2014).
Culture factor- The culture factor states with the variation in background, language, nation
and culture which is followed by the society of individual. Culture barriers directly impact on
the decision making process of customers as it is essential for them to complete their work as
per society needs. For example- If an individual try to visit the France then it is difficult to
interact with local people because most of the people are interact with each other in France
language. So without communication the enjoyment level of an individual will be decrease.
Motivational model
Motivation can be defined as the ability that influence and lead people to perform their
task in accurate manner. There are various motivation models are related with the organisation
by which it is easy for management to lead its employees towards right direction. In context of
travel and tourism industry Maslow hierarchy model is mention as below:

 Physiological needs- It is the first stage which is essential for each individual to fulfil
because it contains some basic needs which are food, water and shelter. The manager of
tour package or firm is to fulfil the basic needs for all of its employees and visitors. Safety needs- At the time of travelling, the main focus of tourist is about their health
and safety. Managers or travel organisation must ensure that all tourist feel safe at the
time of their journey. Therefore, the travel organisation provides the better travel facility
for the tourist. This also helps management to build positive image in the society. Social needs- The social needs are demanded by the customers because it is not possible
to visit and enjoy a place on solo basis (Pomering, Noble and Johnson, 2011). The main
motive for these needs is to ensure the entertainment purpose in the society. So in order
to fulfil social needs properly management of travel organisation trained its employees
to behave properly with the customers. Esteem needs- Esteem need represent the status of the travellers. As it is related with
the ego needs of an individual. So to fulfil the esteem need properly managers or travel
operates focus that the staff as well as local people are interacting with travellers in
reverence manner. So the esteem need of customers are satisfied properly.
 Self-actualisation need- This need is related with the interest and self-desire of an
individual. It works as wish for the travellers which they want to fulfil at the time of
journey. Along with managers must focus on all proper services which satisfies the
needs of customers. To fulfil self-actualisation needs effectively manager must focus on
budgets because there are various persons travel in a group.
With the above discussed model of motivation it is analysed that managers are responsible for
satisfying all needs of clients in a travel industry. The management also determines various
needs of individuals with Maslow’s motivation model as it ensures the customers satisfaction
properly.
TASK 3
Key trends and current patterns in travel and tourism
Travel as well as tourism sector is increasing with rapid speed as it relates with the changes
that are seen in industry on regular basis. There is various factors impact on the trend of

customer’s patterns at global level. These all trends related with travel and tourism industry are
mention as below:
Overbooking at last minute- The techniques and tools which are used by customers are
changing with rapid speed. Like technology and easy handle electronic devices are leading
consumers to book their tickets at global level at any time and from any place (Radojevic,
Stanisic and Stanic, 2015). In past time it is difficult for travellers to take such steps. But in
today world’s it is one of best approach that is used by customers to book their tours. On the
other side, travel organisations are also providing various offers to customer for online booking.
These results the craze for online devices is increasing with rapid speed.
Prioritization to purposeful tours- People in the present scenario, are visiting various
areas in order to fulfil their purpose. Such as to get education, business purpose, international
visit and many more, the main motive for these tours is to enhance the demand of ecological,
environmental and educational tours is to perform their work effectively. Example- with the
new tours it is easy for management to boost the overall work productivity of organisation. It
also determines that London is the best place for the learning of Science and History. Further,
the green plants as well as biodiversity of city of too good. so it attracts customers as well as
animals in exact manner.
Awareness about culture and history- These factors assist the management to create a
positive hope in the market. By determining all the work in systematic and organised manner
these results individuals are able to understand the culture of all places which is followed from
years to years. United Kingdom is one of the most prosperous country among all over the world
because of rich cultural diversity (Theobald, W. F. ed., 2012). In the context of London they
has a rough history of more than 1000 years. Therefore, its citizens belong to various culture
and nationality but to citizenship of UK they are experienced about the new European city.
Trends in hospitality industry
Sharing economy- The most important aspect for organisation leads to enhance
economy of country through completing all work with motive of obtaining top position in
market. From perspective of tourism industry all organisation are competing with each other
because now tourist or visitor are focused to visit international destinations. So it creates flow of
foreign exchange between two country economies.

Emerging destination- In recent years tourist or individuals visit destination for
entertainment purpose only. But in present scenario, individuals are focused towards fulfil of
visitor purpose such as business meeting, Investment purpose, international conference etc. so it
is essential for travel industry to work as per emerging destinations.
Market- Market is a broad term that is increasing business size through completing
different task that offers specialised techniques to complete their work properly. This also
determines for global market management determines for target professional groups to complete
work as per service area as they operate high income. So it is easy for them to make expenses for
travel purpose.
Recent trends in organisation
 Affordable luxury- With the growing pool of accommodation and agents it is complex
for visitor to decided the right place to stay. In the recent years, it is complex for
individuals for making more expense on new experience. So the major recent trend is to
make expense on luxury accommodation services.
 Responsible tourism- With the growing conscience there are various travellers is
presented to perform work with opportunities that operates more facilitates to generate
awareness about company current aspects.
Current trend
 Experience of economy- There are various task relates with economy that is used to
develop as per years. With different trends management is used to grow similar trends for
increasing market size. It is also used to generate better experience as per opportunities of
market.
 Technology implement in hotels- With growing aspects it is identified that internet is
most important aspects for all industry. This is essential for all hotels to provide better
technology aspects such as wifi and internet facility for satisfying needs of inter-national
visitors.
These trends are generated by the organisation in order to enhance awareness among the
people due to which it is easy for them to learn about new things. Like the change in
technology leads organisation and visitors to exchange all essential information in minimum
time period. So the visit starts in minimum time period. On the other side, factors related with

pilgrimage place and history generates awareness in the travel and tourism industry and also
help people to achieve huge success in market.
TASK 4
Factors impacting on current level of popularity
There are various factors enhances the demand of various locations at a global level. London is
one of the best example for such destination. People visit this location because of the availability
of various culture and historical places. Some of the factors are mention as below: Popularity of renowned destination- Tourist performs their work with motive of going to
different places that increases matter of overseeing a destination. In simple terms it refers
that more individuals are engage or tourist who visit a place increase its popularity but
location of this destination must be good and famous to not impact due to internal issue in
country such as culture and social issue. Closeness of destination- Many tourist not like to travel for long distance so travel
comfort and distance also impact on current popularity for business. This means travel
organisation must focus on regional destination to make constant source from revenue
through managing income of individuals. Political factor- All the policies, rules and regulations that are developed by government
are included in political factor. These factor on impacts the current level of popularity
through developing positive relations in society. As if the relation of UK government is
positive with other countries then citizen of other countries visit destination of London.
After the Brexit, the number of tourist is decreasing because of changes in political
conditions of country. Economical factor- Monetary as well as financial terms of a country are included in
economical aspect of a country. Financially stabled people travel other countries like UK,
France and other European countries to get better experience. As in the developed
countries all the essential resources on are gathered by organisation in proper manner. So
it is easy for travel operators to satisfy the needs of customers.
 Social factor- This factor undertakes art, culture, value and belief which are followed by
a country. Each country has their own belief which is followed by them to complete their
operations. Along with this individuals follow their own culture, beliefs and history due

to which it is easy for travellers to satisfy the needs of customers. As it positively and
negatively relates with the popularity of global destination.
Along with some other factors such as environment, transportation, raw-materials are some
aspects which impact on global destination (Scott, Hall and Gössling, 2012). London provides
better services to its customers like their transportation services are established at global level.
So it is favourable aspect for the travellers as it helps them to understand culture and natural
landscape of country easily.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is concluded that travel and tourism industry is growing with rapid
pace as well as they are contributing effectively for the economic development of country. Along
with this there are various factors such as food, accommodation, restaurant etc. are also
enhancing the size of hospitality industry. Direct as well as indirect elements are also inter-
related to provide better satisfaction and services to customers which provides good experience
to visitor, while visiting a place. In the last, geographic, social, culture, economical etc. are the
factors which impact on decision making process of tourist to visit a place. As it also impact on
popularity of global destination of a country.