Global Tourism Destinations: A Comprehensive Report

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Global Tourism Destinations

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
LO1..................................................................................................................................................2
P1 Interpret statistics to accurately present an overview of the nature and trends of tourism on
a global scale................................................................................................................................2
P2 Investigate the characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world....4
M1 Analyse how the scale and nature of tourism on a global level has been influenced by
emerging economies....................................................................................................................5
LO2..................................................................................................................................................6
P3 Determine specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism generating and receiving
areas of the world.........................................................................................................................6
P4 & M2 Compare and contrast the differences between a range of emerging global tourism
destinations in relation to stages of destination of life cycle, factors driving growth, and
strategies employed.....................................................................................................................7
LO3..................................................................................................................................................9
P5 & M3 Investigate the role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the
development of global tourism....................................................................................................9
LO4................................................................................................................................................11
P6 & M4 Review the significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future
development of global tourism..................................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................14
References......................................................................................................................................15

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Number of international tourists’ arrival across the world..............................................2
Figure 2: International tourist arrivals by world region...................................................................3
Figure 3: Top 10 countries with highest number of foreign tourists’ arrival..................................4

Introduction
The current report is prepared in the context of global tourism and destinations. The
characteristics of tourism receiving and generating countries are presented in the report along
with the role of emerging markets in the growth of overseas tourism. Further it is analysed that
there are key organisations in the tourism industry that ensure appropriate regulations and
compliance through their policies and guidelines. However, the promotion of international
tourism requires considerations of key threats and issues that may impact its future growth. In the
end, how such issues can be overcome is discussed with the help of some recommendations.
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LO1
P1 Interpret statistics to accurately present an overview of the nature and trends of tourism on a
global scale
Overview of Global tourism
Global tourism refers to the interactions between the visitors and tourist destinations worldwide
for a temporary period of time. With the globalisation, tourism has become a leisure activity
across the globe. The total contribution of travel and tourism industry in the global economy is
around 8.25 trillion US $. The countries in 2016, that spent large amount of expenditure on
tourism includes, United States, China and Germany. However, in 2016 survey it is identified
that Dubai leads from other countries in relation to tourism spending which accounts for 31.3
billion US $ (Glaesser et al.,2017). The direct economic impact of the global tourism industry
can be seen on other industries like, accommodation, entertainment, transportation, attraction,
etc. which accounts for 2.3 trillion US $.
Figure 1: Number of international tourists’ arrival across the world
(Source: Statista, 2019)
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The number of visitors and tourists arrivals is increasing with a rapid speed in every year. The
above graph presents the statistical data pertaining to the arrival of international tourists across
the world from 1996 to 2017. The area who receives the largest number of visitors every year is
identified as Europe. Tourism play a significant role in improving the economic conditions of a
country as it is a major and important source of revenue worldwide.
Figure 2: International tourist arrivals by world region
(Source: Max Roser, 2019)
With the increasing role of global tourism, it is identified that around 9% of total GDP is
generated from it. Also, it is significantly important for the increasing employment opportunities
that accounts for around 8% global employments as per the statistical data of 2010 (Employment
in the tourism industry, 2010). The ILO (International Labour Organisation) forum consider the
international tourism a major source of growth and employment which support youth,
women ,and migrant workers in living their life better. As per the estimation of UNWTO,
tourism industry will offer around 296 million jobs to the people in 2019.
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P2 Investigate the characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world
According to a survey in 2017, it is found that the arrivals of tourists from BRIC (Brazil, Russia,
India, and China) nations has been improved by 6.1%, which is higher in comparison to the
average of all arrivals of international tourists. Around 2.7% of international tourists generated
from BRIC nations visit to South Africa (ENVER DUMINY, 2019). The BRIC nations have also
made the VISA requirements easy, and therefore, it is the major cause of increasing arrivals of
international tourists from there. According to the survey of UNWTO, China is leading and fast
growing country in terms of outbound tourism in the world. It is estimated that around 100
million visitor arrivals would be generate by China in 2020. The tourism demand and supply in
countries depends upon various factors, like, attractive destinations, natural and man-made
places, availability of travel and leisure facilities, personal income of people, exchange rate,
social factors, etc.
Figure 3: Top 10 countries with highest number of foreign tourists’ arrival
The above list depicts the top 10 countries that are the major receivers of international tourism
due to their beautiful destinations and other facilities along with their global share. There is easy
accessibility to these countries via airlines, and they are located on northern hemisphere, and
therefore, there is mild climate there (Balmford et al., 2009). However, only China has distinct
weather climate as its destinations are differently located.
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M1 Analyse how the scale and nature of tourism on a global level has been influenced by
emerging economies
The increasing trend in the tourism sector is the rising international travels from the emerging
economies. The emerging markets are growing towards the “developed” category and hence, this
leads to the rapid growth of people there and their spending on travel. The impact of emerging
economies and their travellers can be seen on the growth of tourism sector in the US. For
example, more than half of total international travellers in US were from emerging markets in
2014 (Ramón Martín, 2015). Also, emerging economies play a major part in the growth of air
travel as most of the fastest growing airports are located in the emerging countries. According to
the statistical data of IATA, air traffic in Asia-Pacific region and Africa is prevailing at the
growing of 6 %to 7% while in the US it is accounted at 2%.
Earlier the spending of consumers on travel was very low, and the pattern has now changed with
the increasing international visits of emerging affluent travellers. These travellers like to spend
more on retail purchase and luxury goods, hence, the global retailers associated with the tourism
industry gets most of the benefit from it. Most of the leading and high brand hotels are expanding
their business in the international tourism market as emerging travellers prefer to choose
luxurious services over the traditional one (Glaesser et al., 2017). Also, emerging travellers are
considered as the active users of information technology and media; hence, those organisations
that can adapt with the changing needs of emerging visitors have high opportunities to stand out
in the global tourism market.
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LO2
P3 Determine specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism generating and receiving
areas of the world
The growth of tourism worldwide can be understood with the consideration of following factors
of PEST analysis:
Political factors: These factors directly and deeply impact the tourism growth in the world.
Changing government regimes, terrorism, tourism policies, etc are the major factors come under
political purview. For example, BREXIT was a major political event that has impact adversely
on the tourism industry. Even a single terrorist attack on a particular destination will significantly
influence the number of international arrivals in that area (Lee and Chang, 2008).
Economic factors: The increasing market of labour has resulted in high personal income and
therefore high consumer spending in the world. These positive signs will support positive
benefits on the current situation of global tourism. However, the recent recession has adversely
affected the global hospitality sector as consumers are cutting their travel expenses. This
ultimately pressurise the global hotel and transportation brands to reduce their prices to attract
the tourism demand (Crnogaj et al., 2014).
Social factors: nowadays, there has been a shift in the consumer preference has been noticed in
the international tourism industry in relation to the preference of private accommodations. The
growth of rise sharing brands has been noticed in comparison to the traditional cab and taxi
brands.
Technological factors: Technology is the major influencer and facilitator in the travel and
tourism activities at global level (Vellas, 2016). All the travel activities are performed through
technology, like, booking, accommodation, marketing etc. Also, technology has bridge the gap
between different parts of the globe. Transportation and hotel brands are utilising the information
technology so that they can better connect with their customers. There is an increasing use of
Kiosks and digital check ins and outs. Also, the mobile technology has also significantly
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contributed in the tourism growth by providing facilities like, messages; check ins, mobile
bookings, and other things.
P4 & M2 Compare and contrast the differences between a range of emerging global tourism
destinations in relation to stages of destination of life cycle, factors driving growth, and strategies
employed
According to the report of UN World Tourism Organisation, there is an increase of international
tourist visits in 2018, by 6%, and this growth is majorly contributed by the emerging markets,
like China and India, with its rising demand of tourism and leisure destinations. The fastest
growing destinations in the world are all located in the emerging markets. There is range of
emerging destinations across the globe, however, they are different in respect of various factors
and therefore consumer preference is changed accordingly (Arnegger and Herz, 2016).
For example, Egypt has faced various terrorism attacks in 2011 and therefore, its global tourist
arrivals are decreased. Hence, it has improved its security force and made all the efforts to
improve its tourism arrivals. The Cairo in Egypt is now considered as the safe place for tourism
and those results in increasing willingness of tourists to explore the fascinating and unique
culture of Egypt and its destinations. Cairo is worldwide known for its name of “City of the
dead”. Also, the Pyramids of Giza, which is a last remaining of the Ancient world is situated in
Cairo and is a main point of attraction for the travellers.
On the other hand, Cuba is also an emerging destinations for the international travellers as most
of the Cuban people are polite and welcoming, also their eagerness to chat with other visitors
help Cuba to improve its tourism and leisure industry (Sheehan et al., 2016). The Havana, Cuba,
are more consumer preferred and emerging destination that are adorned with classic cars having
bold colours, and ramshackle buildings. People are attracted towards street entertainers with
guitars and Salsa in bars.
Also, Ethiopia is another emerging trend and destination of global tourism. Earlier the name of
Ethiopia was associated with the famine and drought and it raises funds to enable its people to
fight with the poverty (Lucy Woods, 2018). Fortunately and with the governmental efforts,
things get improved there and it has become the attractive destinations for global travellers. The
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attractive landscape of Ethiopia is dominated by forests, gorges and mountains. Also, the heaven
of flora and fauna is considered as the Sanetti Plateau, located in Ethiopia and has been one of
the attractive emerging destinations. Numerous species are available here which includes,
Ethiopian wolf, baboons, Columbus monkeys, etc.
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LO3
P5 & M3 Investigate the role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the
development of global tourism
United Nations World Tourism organisation (UNWTO): According to a representative of United
Nations World Tourism organisation, tourism and leisure has become the major part of global
earning as it has become the third largest export after chemical and fuels. The core components
of tourism industry include booking, travel organisations, accommodations, transportation,
handicrafts, excursions, food and beverage providers, and natural as well as cultural assets. The
major role of UNWTO is to promote tourism for the global economic prosperity, environmental
sustainability, and inclusive development of countries worldwide (UNWTO, 2019). Also, it
supports the different countries in the world by offering knowledge and formulation global
tourism policies. It is also responsible to minimise the negative impact of tourism with the
implementation of global code of ethics for tourism. It also supports the attainment of
Sustainable development goals with the initiatives towards reduction of poverty and fostering
sustainable growth across the world.
UNWTO has developed a framework so that both public and private sectors can collaborate and
support the development of tourism products with an innovative approach. Hence it has
formulated the guidelines that can improve the competitiveness of tourism public and private
sector along with the tourist destinations.
International Air Transport Association (IATA): It is the association of trade for the airlines
across the world that accounts for 290 airlines which is represented by 82% of overall air traffic.
The role of IATA is to support aviation industry with the formulation and development of
policies pertaining to critical aviation issues (IATA, 2019). The mission of IATA is to shape the
future with growth oriented and safe policies. Also, it aims to ensure a sustainable and secure air
transport industry so that it can enrich the entire world with economic prosperity and growth.
The major aim of IATA includes, promote economic, safe and regular air traffic services,
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