Global Tourism: Trends, Challenges, and Destination Life Cycle Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of global tourism, beginning with an overview of its nature and trends, including both national and international tourism statistics. It then delves into the characteristics of key tourism-generating and receiving areas, highlighting the factors driving their growth, such as geographical appeal, historical and cultural significance, and the '4 A's of destinations (Attraction, Amenities, Access, and Ancillary services). The report further examines emerging tourism destinations, comparing and contrasting them based on the destination life cycle stages, factors driving their growth, and strategies employed. It investigates the roles and responsibilities of international organizations in global tourism development and concludes by reviewing the significance of threats, issues, and challenges that could impact the future development of global tourism. The report uses examples like Edinburgh Castle and Coca-Cola London Eye to illustrate key concepts.

GLOBAL TOURISM
DESTINATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Explain the overview of nature and trends of tourism in global scale..............................3
P2 Explain the characteristic of key tourism generating and receiving areas of the world....5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Determine specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism- gemerating and receiving
areas in the world....................................................................................................................6
P4 Compare and contrast the different between a range if emerging tourism destinations in
relation to stages of the destination life cycle, factors driving growth and stages employed.7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P5. Investigate the role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the
development of global tourism...............................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P6 Review the significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future development
of global tourism...................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Tourism refers to the process in which people travel and spending time outside their
usual environment for relaxations and recreation purposes. In context to tourism, Tourist is a
person, who travel and stay away from their normal environment for more than 24 hours but less
than a year irrespective to their travelling purposes (Baggio, Micera and Del Chiappa, 2020).
Global tourism is the tourism that take place outside the nation or cross the national boundaries.
It is a blend of lodging, food, attractions, culture and travel industries. It is the largest industry
which generate $4.5 trillion in expenditure with the creation of 212 million jobs. The present
report describe the various trends and nature of global tourism. Also defines the characteristics of
revenue generating areas of tourism in the world in respect of their reasons for the growth of
global tourism. Various international organisation is responsible for growth of tourism.
Challenges and threats for the future development of global tourism.
TASK 1
P1 Explain the overview of nature and trends of tourism in global scale.
Tourism has made the significant change in the economy as it is the largest profit
generating industry in the world, which includes various types of tourism that contributes in the
growth of economy. At initial level people travel to full fill their requirement of food further
tourist change the purpose of travelling accordingly (Bayraktar and Uslay, 2016).
For National tourism
The number of tourist visited in the year is around 3.5 million from different nations.
This is approximately 9% higher than last year. The annual revenue generated from these
oversees tourists is more than £2.3 in UK. The clear increasing in the number of tourists in UK,
directly contributing to travel and tourism industry for its profitability and growth.
For International tourism
According to 2020, Tourist arrival in the popular international destinations are as follows:
World- 565.4 million
Europe – 338.4 million
South Asia- 4.2 million
East Asia- 81.4 million

As observed above, Global tourism trends are boasting and growing around the world in
respective of Travel and Tourism industry. It has significant impact on tourism globally. These
figures are constantly increasing and contributing to the growth of the economy. This industry
contributes 3.6% of the gross domestic product (GDP).
The graph showing the approximate arrival of tourism:
The represented graph is showing the tourist arrival in the world. The graph clearly states
increasing number of tourist worldwide. Tourists are increasing the Europe and America as the
report, which is contributing to the global economy.
Trends in travel and tourism industry
Travel and tourism industry is changing day by day with the changing expectation and
needs of their travellers. These changes often taking place due to advancement in the technology
with current trends (Bushell and Bricker, 2017).
Last minute booking: This is most conman and extensively used method of booking. In
this traveller, book their tickets at last moment and this the generation trait, who all are likely to
book their ticket at last moment. This trends in taking place due to busy schedule of individuals.
As per the current survey conducted by the tourism department, it is observed that 39% traveller
will prefer to book their tickets at last moment. Thus this trends is influenced by advancement in

technology that makes easier for the tourist. It also helps tour operator to manage their flow of
work.
Ecological and educational tours: It is type of tourism, in which tourists focuses on
exploring natural places for the recreation purposes with enhancement of knowledge. Influence
of tour operator are focusing of generating more natural habitat places foe tourism and keep
funding on the project, which will offer ecological tourism. These days’ people are more likely
to explore the heritage places for the knowledge development (Cornelissen, 2017).
P2 Explain the characteristic of key tourism generating and receiving areas of the world.
Travel and tourism industry is not only facility provider for tourists for tor the
enhancement of their knowledge in different destinations but also contribute a major part in the
economy. The main nations which have maximum tourist visit across the world are China, Spain,
Turkey, US, France and Italy (Holden, 2016). These are the destination, which is attracting more
travellers to visit their nation in order to increase the sale volume of tourism industry. As per the
reports, number of visitors fro these countries are described below:
Country No. of visitors (millions)
Spain 81.8
Mexico 39.3
Turkey 39.6
United States 75.9
Italy 58.3
As per the above mentioned data, It is clear that the number of visitors of these countries
are really high. People chose these destination according to their interest in respective
destinations. Tourism generating spots are considered as permanent places or destinations that
influence the interest of the traveller. Like the Eiffel Tower(France), Agua Azual
Waterfalls(Mexico). Whereas, Tourism receiving areas are the point of attraction, which occurs
for specific period of time at different places and also influence the travellers towards
destinations. There are key characteristic of tourism generating areas and tourism receiving areas
are explained below:

Characteristic of tourism generating areas are:
 Geographical Factors: It is the important factor for tourism industry as it attracts the
traveller for a particular destination. For example, Statue of Liberty (New York) is a
major attraction for travellers and spotted destination in New York.
 Demographics: It refers to the particular sector of population. In context of present report
demographic profile of London is very good. People are more likely to travel the
different parts of the world (Hudson and Hudson, 2017).
 Economic: Economic status of the country plays vital role in consideration of influencing
the traveller towards a specific destination. For example, Mexico is growing nation,
which is developing day by day and it is attracting more traveller to explore a specific
destination. The beautiful destination attract the tourist with affordable service of staying
and travelling around the nation.
Characteristic of Tourism receiving areas are:
 Climate: This is the important factor which attract the traveller to visit with the
favourable climate condition of that place. There are many festive events that are held by
tourism industry to attract the tourist toward specific area with the consideration of profit
maximisation.
 Culture: It is the factor, which have significant importance for attracting the travellers.
Tomorrowland is the best example of cultural tourism, It offers musical festival that is
help in Berlin at seasonal basis. Existence of this event, influence the travellers to visit
that place (Kiráľová and Pavlíčeka, 2015).
 Environment: The best example of environmental factor is Green Film Festival, which is
organised in UK for attracting the traveller to travel that destination for a specific period
of time.
TASK 2
P3 Determine specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism- gemerating and receiving
areas in the world.
Growth of the global tourism is depend upon the involvement and improvement of
national and international tourist for the specific destination. These tourist can be attach to the

different destination irrespective to their geographical attraction, culture, natural beauty,
economical factor and many more. These reasons influence the tourist to visit related place in
order to increase the tourism for the global reach. As per the current report there are many factor
which is influencing tourist interest. The main among them are explained below:
Geographical appeal of different tourism destination: The destination in UK and other
international places includes Resorts, Islands, Coastal beaches, wildlife and national parks. It
have influenced the interest of many tourist to explore that places and boast the industry. Interest
of these people may change with the change ins season. Traveller do not feel the same in
changing season. For example, people with specific liking may not feel good at beach in summer
due to high temperature (Rogerson, 2015).
Historical cultural appeal of tourism destinations: Tourist also love to travel to
historical place as it connect to the people with the history and gain knowledge out of it.
Historical places attract traveller, who have interest in getting new things and gaining knowledge
for specific destination. UK has wide range of Castle that has their own history, which attract the
tourist to explore that place.
The 4 A's of destinations: There are four different A's of destination which are
described in the sequence one after another. The first A Is Attraction, It is consist of historical
building, cultural sites, archaeological sites, mountains, beaches , flora and funna, national parks
etc. Amenities, these are additional facilities provided by the organisation to their guest to make
their trip comfortable and memorable. Sometime these all amenities offered by the tour operator.
Access involve means of transportation for reaching from one place to another or reaching their
destinations. Transportation facility is very good in the UK, which provide quality of services for
their customer to reach their destination in short period of time. Ancillary is concern of food and
lodging facility provided to their guest, In which all the selected tourist destination has different
taste that help the traveller in their tourism. These all A's makes the better travel experience with
all its attributes (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014).
P4 Compare and contrast the different between a range if emerging tourism destinations in
relation to stages of the destination life cycle, factors driving growth and stages employed.
Tourism area life cycle(TALC) is the model which defines the various stages of
destination development over the years. This framework is also help in getting the tourist 's

attraction with passing time. This model is comprises of nine stages and these stages are discuses
below with suitable example:
Stages of TALC Edinburgh Castle Coca Cola London Eye
Exploration It is a man-made destination,
which has 1.7 million visitors
every day and created good
name in the world with its
beauty and most visited places.
This place is visited by 3.75
million in all around world by
the interested travellers.
Involvement People who are living nearby
the destination are offering
basic facilities to the tourist
with the consideration of
development of the that place
(Shinde, 2017).
Other business is also
involving in the development
of this event that is on seasonal
basis and might be developed
in future.
Development In the increase in the number
of international visitor, local
tourist also started to visit that
destination and boasting the
flow of tourism.
The tourist destination in
economic figures are
developing with the effect of
tourism.
Consolidation There are maximum number of
visitors who is visiting this
destinations with the passing
time.
Excess use of electricity has
raised the environmental,
economic issue for this
destination.
Stagnation Continuous development of
this destination, helps in
growth of this place.
Tourism for this place can be
stabilized by efficiently usage
of electricity and other
resources for its better
functioning (Torres-Delgado
and Saarinen, 2014).

Decline Destination's own capabilities
of dealing with emerging
tourism destinations.
This might be replaced by
other destination because of its
profitability.
Identify factors driving growth of specific destinations:
different factors that influence the growth of tourism destinations are religious, economic,
environmental and historical. For the quick growth of the destination, there is positive influence
of these factors in the environment. In context to above destination, Edinburgh Castle has a
positively impacted the influence with the historical factor. On other hand Coca Cola London
Eye is also considered as the historical values as it is designed by the husband and wife team. Its
beautiful structure attracts the tourist to visit that place (Wood, 2017).
Future predictions and forecast:
Future predictions for this destination are positive and are preferred by the tourist by its
prime location. As per the past record, there is an increase in the number of tourist around 2.1
million in the year 2018, which is predicted in future as well. In context of London Eye. It is a
tallest wheel in Europe but there are few more wheel in the place and is higher than 245 metre in
comparison to this wheel.
TASK 3
P5. Investigate the role and responsibilities of key international organisations in the development
of global tourism
There are many organisations which facilitating the role and responsibilities for the
growth of global tourism. In this context, there are many public and private organisation such as
UNWTO, IATA, PATA, UN, these organisation ensure the development of the economy through
its proper functioning and regulation in the world.
Role and aim of policies of Tourism Development Organisations
UNWTO: The determination and examination of rising and key market trends within
tourism is a important aspect for tour operators. In this regard, United Nations World Tourism
Organization, has a role to ensure the proper formulation of all these rules in contest of travel
and tourism. They include market study, latest trends, forecasts, comprehensibility of market

segments pertaining to the concerned industry and so on The policies of this organisation is to
motivative the sustainability in the destination.
PATA: Pacific Asia Travel Association is one of the biggest tourism promotion
companies across the world.. Since its incorporation, this entity has the role to create, promote
and foster tourism in the Pacific region. Also, the tour companies which are members of this
agency are provided support by this structure at large. The aim of policies of this organisation is
aimed at development of business of its members, improvement of services provided by them
and condition of measures to enhance the tourism traffic within the confines of Asia Pacific
region.
TASK 4
P6 Review the significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future development of
global tourism.
Global tourism it is a part of tourism industry. In the tourism there is not any clear
product. The tourism industry is incorporate with many industries. It is including lodging,
transport, travel companies. Tourism is define as when person going to travel or stay in places
that is outside of their environment.
Threats Global tourism:
in the threats identify the hurdles or obstacles which is facing the development of global
tourism in future. There is many threats in the development of global tourism in future. In this
terrorism, disease, climate changes, natural disaster, covid19, policy failure, economic crises,
public health etc.
The threat of terrorism is widely affected the tourism industry. The foreign visitors pause their
travel plans due terrorism or terrorist attacks and due to concern over safety. The travellers are
due to concern over safety they cancel their tour plans that is affected tourism industry. In France
after the terrorist attack the hotels of there saw a 45% decline in revenue.
Health disease in tourism industry, there is various diseases in tourism industry like Ebola,
typhoid, hepatitis and in present time the covid19 is widely affected the tourism industry. The
covid19 is firstly found in china. This virus is impacted negatively in overall world. Because of
this virus every government starts the lock down procedure in their country. This is a pandemic

for world until and unless the vaccine for curing the disease and controlling the virus does not
gets developed. After the vaccine development it is a threat until and unless it is not cured
properly.
Issues or challenges global tourism:
In this identify the challenges or issues which is faced in the development of global
tourism. There is various issues or challenges in tourism industry. There is a challenge in future
for global tourism is globalization of supply and demand. The tourism region is focused on
peoples for attract more visitors in same time when the objectives is connecting with the
environmental preservation. Issue of cost and benefit is also there. The supplier or provider of
tourism industry is earn benefits in the term of money while the visitors should be able to relax
enjoy or stay with the cost they spend. The tourism industry is one of the most taxed field. In the
tourism industry most of the taxes are paid on airline tickets or hotel bookings. In tourism
industry the providers are necessary to offer competitively priced to balance out the equation.
The tourist or visitors are contribute in economy by tourism expenditure, travel retail or
purchases. Travel marketing is also a challenge for global tourism. The market entities must
work for developing the innovative marketing strategies or ideas to attract the new traveller or
visitor. The marketing entities with the help of technological tools or social media influence the
customers of the industry. And show the creativity in designing marketing solutions or strategies
for influencing the travellers. Under this the infrastructure of many tourism places is outdated
and underdeveloped. The tourism boards, governments or destination marketing all are working
for improving the infrastructure of tourism locations. There is future challenges is addressed. The
future challenges are solve by improving in checkout processes from hotels, the public
transportation, stations.
CONCLUSION
This is concluded from the above report that global tourism is increasing day by day and
contributing to the world economy. International tourism plays vital role in development of the
country. This report analysis the nature of the global tourism and emerging trends in the world.
Tourism in UK is increasing day by day with the effect of globalisation. It is observed that there
are many qualities of various destination irrespective of traveller's choices and people are more

likely to visit historical place with the aim of knowledge enhancement. Last minute booking is
the most likely to used in the booking. The reasons of growth in the destinations are social and
economical issue raised by the themselves. Moreover, it also identifies that geographical appeal
and historical culture appeal of tourism attract the tourist towards the destination and contribute
to the growth economy in the nation.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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