Global Tourism: Patterns, Trends, and the Destination Life Cycle

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GLOBAL TRAVEL AND TOURISM PATTERN AND TRENDS
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
LO1..................................................................................................................................................2
P1, P2, M1, D1................................................................................................................................2
LO2..................................................................................................................................................7
P3, P4, M2, D2................................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
Introduction....................................................................................................................................10
LO3................................................................................................................................................10
P5, M3, D2.....................................................................................................................................10
LO4................................................................................................................................................13
P6, M4, D2.....................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................16
Recommendations..........................................................................................................................16
References......................................................................................................................................17
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Introduction
The major indulgence of the study is the highlight the concept of travel and tourism and
development of the concerned industry. It has also been underpinned about different factors that
are responsible for analysing consumer behaviour. The findings of the study are also supported
with the help of models that influences customer behaviour. Along with this, the study would
also incorporate about the analysis of factors that are involved in shaping the tourism industry.
LO1
P1, P2, M1, D1
“Definition of travel and tourism”:
The tourism concept and definition
Tourism encompasses of the different activities that states about people who desire to travel and
explore places. This industry includes services like food and accommodation. This is also an
effective platform on which, job creation can also be considered as a priority.
Definitions of different types of tourism
● Inbound
Inbound tourism can be stated to the activities of the visitor who is travelling to the place outside
from his regular environment. It is not applicable for more than one consecutive year and not less
than 24 hours. Inbound tourism generally refers to business trips, leisure but cannot be
considered for permanent work for revenue gain (Tussyadiah and Pesonen, 2016).
● Outbound
Outbound tourism comprises of different activities of the residents who can travel to different
places and explore different places. The travelling cannot exceed 12 consecutive months. The
travelling purpose can be official or for spending leisure time.
● Domestic
Domestic tourism refers to the type of tourism that focuses on travelling of a resident within that
country or spends their holidays within that country itself. Domestic tourism is useful for
generating more diverse and economically sustainable tourism industry within that country.
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Figure 1: Types of Tourism
(Source: Created by Author)
Leiper’s tourism system
According to Leiper’s tourism system, there are three basic elements that are necessary to be
underpinned. The elements are Traveller-generating region, Tourist destination region and
Transit route region. Through these elements, it becomes easier to decipher the factors that are
involved in the travel generating region (Derudder and Witlox, 2016). In this element, the places
appropriate for tourism are identified and thus, transportation facilities to the particular region
are also taken into consideration.
However, due to lack of appropriate transport facility, it becomes difficult for the people to travel
to that particular place. This can also lay an adverse effect on the tourism and travel industry.
The volume and value of the travel and tourism industry to the national and international
economy
It is necessary to increase the value of the people; this can help the customers acquire unique
experiences from their travelling. This can also enhance the economic condition of the country.
The travel and tourism industry is considered to be the world’s largest industries. The sector has
contributed towards global economic condition. The revenue generation through this sector is
above 7.6 trillion US dollars.
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“Development of the travel and tourism industry”:
The historical context of travel and tourism industry
As per the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), tourism can be defined as the
social, cultural that entails the movement of the people within their country or outside their
country. The travelling can be of different purpose. The people travelling are said to have
developed vision and enhanced activities.
The growth of the contemporary travel and tourism industry due to advances in:
● Transport technology
It is necessary for the management of an organisation to ensure that there is a proper
transportation available for the destination. Lack of conveyance, can lead to hassles of the
customers (Boniface et al., 2016).
● Globalisation and infrastructure
In association to travel and tourism sector, it is necessary to ensure that there is proper utilisation
of the existing resources. This can also help the organisation to underpin the
● Consumer-led demand
It is necessary to underpin the demands of the customers. The management of the organisation
operating in this sector are liable to consider the preferences of the customers and thus
accordingly deliver them services.
Figure 2: Growth of the contemporary travel and tourism industry
(Source: Created by Author)
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Challenges and issues facing the industry from:
● Socio-economic
There are different people belonging to different cultural background. Hence, it is difficult to
deliver services according to every cultural background. This can hinder the appropriate service
delivery to the customers (Cornelissen, 2017).
● Political
The political instability, improper government regulations can hamper the advancement of the
services delivered. The economic condition can also be adversely affected due to this reason.
● Environmental
Environmental issues like pollution, deforestation can harm the sustainability factor. The weather
and climate might also hurdle the tourists spots and this directly affects the revenue generation.
“Structure of the travel and tourism industry”:
Different sectors:
● Accommodation services
Accommodation services include housekeeping, food and other relatable. This can help the
customers to gain unique experience from their stay at the hotel.
● Events and conference services
In many hotels, there are options were people are organise conferences or host events. It is the
core responsibility of the management of the respective hotel to ensure that all the necessities are
fulfilled (Ruhanen et al., 2017).
● Tourist information
Using different technologies, gaining tourist information has become easier. For example,
robotics plays a significant role within the travel and tourism sector. It is becoming increasingly
prevalent and artificially intelligent robots are used for speech recognition technology.
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Figure 3: Structure of the travel and tourism industry
(Source: Created by Author)
Interrelationships, level of integration and chain of distribution
There are different departments that are interrelated with each other in order to deliver
appropriate service to the customers. The management level of integration is required to
underpin about the information associated to tourist and through chain of distribution, it is
disseminated to other levels of management (Hall, 2015).
Distinguish between public, private and voluntary sector organisation
Public organisations are inclined towards delivering services to people that includes healthcare
and others. On the other hand, private organisation is totally involved towards making profit. In
association to voluntary organisation, this generally involves third party organisations like
charity. The travel and tourism sector belongs to the public sector that is used for providing
services associated to accommodation, food and relatable (Brondoni, 2016).
“The tourist experience”:
The stages of tourism experience
There are five different stages of tourism experience that includes Anticipation/Planning, Travel
to, Participation, Travel back and Recollection. This includes the experience of the customers
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from the starting till the travel back. This also inculcates the knowledge and information
acquired by the customers.
LO2
P3, P4, M2, D2
“Factors driving behaviour”:
Tourism flows influenced by push and pull factors
Push factors:
● Escape and relaxation
According to Giaoutzi (2017), people are very inclined towards spending holidays in order to get
relaxed and free from their daily chores. In order to acquire this, they decide to select places that
provide them the needful. This can be considered as push factors for the tourism industry.
● Regression and Social interaction
By travelling to different places, customers are able to socially interactive and get socially
included. Along with this, class and standards of the customers can also be developed.
Pull factors:
● Accessibility
It is necessary for the management of tourism sector to maintain the corporate social
responsibility. It is also necessary to maintain the ethics and social policies. This can also
facilitate the customers to get towards tourism and explore places of their own preference. In
turn, the organisations can also deal with high revenue generation (Fjelstul and Fyall, 2015).
● Desirability and security
Customers seek for desirability and security from the end of the organisation. It is the core
responsibility of the management to ensure about the safety of the customers. It is necessary to
follow Tourism Act 1969, in order to ensure safety of the customers.
● Culture, image and hospitality reputation
As analysed by Campos-Soria et al., (2015), the convenience provided to the customers is
beneficial for developing the reputation of the organisation that is operating within the travel and
tourism industry. However, it is necessary for the management of the organisation to ensure that
the customers are provided with appropriate services as per their convenience.
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Figure 4: Factors driving behaviour
(Source: Created by Author)
“Motivation influencing customer behaviour”:
Models of motivation and influence on consumer decision making process
As per the Maslow’s Theory of Motivation, it is necessary to fulfil all the needs and requirements
of the customers. Needs like self-actualisation needs, self-esteem needs, love and belongingness
and physiological needs are required to be fulfilled for enhancing the customer behaviour.
Satisfaction of the customers can also lead to effective decision making process (Smith, 2015).
Key drivers of tourist behaviour
There are certain factors that are necessary to be considered in order to follow the current trends
and patterns within the travel and tourism sector and analyse about the tourist behaviour. Along
with this, this is also useful for analysing the significance of delivering of customised services to
the customers. Factors like destination, culture and services, contributes towards enhancing
tourist behaviour.
Popularity of tourist destination
There are most preferred tourist destinations like France with 86.9 million tourists per year,
Spain with 81.8 million of tourist’s arrival, United States with 76.9 million and China with 60
million tourists. The culture, ethics, destination, environmental, social and political factors
effectively contributes towards the popularity of tourist destination. These factors attract the
customers to the places for exploring and gaining experiences with social indulgence.
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Conclusion
From the above study, it can be considered about different factors that are responsible for
analysing consumer behaviour. The findings of the study are also assisted with the help of
models that stimulates customer behaviour. In addition to this, it has also been indulged about
the evaluation of certain factors that contributes in shaping the tourism industry.
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Executive summary
The major indulgence of the study is to highlight the conduction of evidence-based research on
the developments of the travel and tourism industry. The global emerging patterns have also
been discussed. In addition to this, it has also been stated about the factors affecting the
popularity of the range of global destinations.
Introduction
In association to travel and tourism sector, it has been found that preferences and taste of the
consumers have been fluctuating with the trends. It is necessary for the management of the
hospitality sector to ensure that the services are as per the requirements of the customers. The
study effectively underpins the discussion of emerging and trending patterns and its development
within the concerned industry. Furthermore, butler’s life cycle has also been considered in order
to analyse the changing trends of the industry.
LO3
P5, M3, D2
“Identify and discuss the recent and emerging patterns and trends in the global travel and
tourism industry”
● Personalisation
Personalisation is considered to be the biggest priority within the travel and tourism sector. This
can help to standardise the travel and tourism services for the customers. According to current
statistical tools, it can be observed that 90% of the standard travel process is not much longer.
Customers nowadays are inclined towards seeking easier services (Graham, 2016). There are
certain progressive brands that can contribute towards providing the customers with customised
services and personalized care. For instance, Delta Flights
● Recognition of technology
Technology plays a role of sheer significance in the travel and tourism industry. This can help an
organisation operating in the industry with advanced services to their customers. The hi-tech
technology is inclusive of facial recognition, retina scanning, fingerprints or biometric
identification. This can also help the industry to stimulate its potentiality towards service
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delivery. Technology embracement like Internet of Technology (IoT), Virtual Reality (VR) and
Robotics is also necessary (Scott et al., 2016).
● Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Apart from robotic advancement, artificial intelligence is also used as this can be helpful for
customer service purpose and chatbots that possess the ability of rapid response in terms of
solving issues faced by the customers. This can be beneficial for enhancing the interaction with
the customers. The AI can be used for storing data and drawing conclusions for business
enhancements (Xiang et al., 2015).
● Big Data
Big data is an effective way through which the employees of an organisation are able to handle
appropriate data collection techniques and is used for personalisation of the services. This can be
useful for analysing the data integrated and revenue management. In return, this can be beneficial
for analysing the business performance and also adopt certain promotional strategies and pricing
strategies.
Figure 5: Recent and emerging patterns and trends
(Source: Created by Author)
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