Global Travel and Tourism Patterns and Trends Report

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GLOBAL TRAVEL AND TOURISM
PATTERNS AND TRENDS

Contents
LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 4
LO1................................................................................................................................................. 5
P1............................................................................................................................................... 5
P2............................................................................................................................................... 6
M1............................................................................................................................................. 8
LO2.................................................................................................................................................9
P3............................................................................................................................................... 9
P4............................................................................................................................................. 10
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................11

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs........................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Travel and
tourism industry involves the traveling of individuals for the purpose of gaining leisure and new
experience. There are various factors that are combined together for providing the tourists with
a relishing experience through tourism services (Murphy, 2012). Due to the rise in globalization,
travel and tourism industry has also expanded its reach and has been able to cover the
accessibility to all tourist destinations in the world.
In this report, the evolution of the travel and tourism industry has been studied and various
elements of the tourism industry have been highlighted. Through this report, various factors
affecting tourism in the several destinations of the world have been evaluated. The report also
consists of different motivational models that could be applied to motivate the customers'
decision-making process. Through this report, the patterns and trends evolving in the tourism
industry have also been studied and the importance of various factors impacting the popularity
of a tourist destination has been determined

LO1.
P1
Tourism is a term used for the process managed by individuals or organization through which
people plan and visit places other than their home place to gain pleasure and relaxation. The
main purpose of tourism is to provide good and happy experience to the individuals through
traveling to a different place other than their home. They can travel and stay in different places
in their home country or in other countries (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
Travelling has been a common practice that used to be followed by humans for gathering food
through hunting or visiting nearby places. The concept of travel gained light after the
development of the interest in adventure and curiosity among the people. However, traveling
for the purpose of leisure could only be afforded by the upper-class society while others
traveled for the satisfaction of their basic needs, trade and gaining cultural experiences.
Due to the industrial revolution in the 18th and the 19th centuries, the reach of individuals to
markets expanded and the concept of tourism evolved due to the shift in urban and
industrialized areas (Brouder and Eriksson, 2013). In the early 18th Century, Thomas Cook was
established as the first travel agency of the world which provided organized travel for the
tourists. In 1903, Wright brothers successfully invented aircraft flights which gained huge
attraction and benefited the travel and tourism industry.
In the late 1950s, various airline systems and accommodation and hospitality sector started
growing and people gained interest in traveling to other places for leisure. With the increase in
the standard of living of people, they started to travel across the domestic country for gaining
experiences (Ma and Hassink, 2013). By the 20th Century, the concept of tourism had
completely changed and the economists of the countries recognized the benefits generated
due to the travel and tourism sector and its positive impact on the economy of the nations. In
today's era, numerous tourist destinations have evolved and travel and tourism are considered
as the fastest growing industry.

P2
For providing a relishing experience to the customers, various combinations of the elements of
the travel and tourism industry are being provided to the customer so that they can be
satisfied. The travel and tourism industry consists of various key elements, which hold a strong
impact on the experience of the customers and are strongly related to one another as they
together provide an everlasting experience to the tourists (Page, 2014). The key elements of
the travel and tourism industry are provided by the tour operators, which are as follows:
 Accommodation
Accommodation is one of the most essential elements of the travel and tourism industry
as it involves the place where the tourist stay during their tour. It is important to
accommodate the tourists at a pleasant hotel so that they can rest for the overnight
stays during the tours (Stone et al., 2018). Hotels like Hilton London are known for
providing excellent customer services to the tourists by providing a variety of
complementary services and a relishing experience.
 Travel and Transportation
Travel and transportation are also the essential elements of tourism as they involve the
various modes of travel through which the tourists travel from home to the tourist
destination and from the one tourist destination to the other (Murphy, 2012). It is
required by the tour operators to provide with comfortable routes and travel modes for
the tourists so that they can incur the minimum cost and gain quality experience.
 Attractions and Activities
Attractions and the activities done in the tourist destination are also a key element of
the travel and tourism industry as it is the main purpose for which the tour is being
done. Covering all the possible attractions of the tourist destination would provide the
tourists with a higher level of satisfaction (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
 Ancillary Services
Ancillary services involve all the other elements like accessibility, hygiene, costs, etc.
that hold an impact on the experience gained by the tourists. These elements are

required to be taken care of as they together create a huge impact on the customer’s
experience (Xu et al., 2013).

M1
The elements of travel and tourism are strongly inter-related with one another and together
hold a major impact on the tourism experience gained by the tourists. Travel and tour
operators' combine these elements to provide a high-quality experience to the customers. In
many cases, these elements are customized according to the needs of the customers (Merinero
and Pulido, 2016). Each element of the travel and tourism industry plays a significant role in
providing the tourism experience and it is essential for the tour operator to properly manage all
of them.
The travel and transportation element of the travel and tourism industry covers the various
modes of travel that can be provided to the tourist for reaching the tourist destination and
traveling from one destination to the other. The tour operator should create the travel plan so
that the time of the tourist can be efficiently utilized (de Souza Bispo, 2016). The travel services
should be taken keeping in mind the accommodation provided to the tourist. The stays should
be easily accessible through the travel modes and should provide all the necessary services to
the tourists during their stays.
The activities and attractions of the tourist place should also be selected keeping in mind of the
routes that would be covered and the appropriate mode of transport shall be chosen by the
tour operator for the tourists. The route should cover all the attractions and the services of
activities shall be accommodated properly (Page, 2014). Support provided from the ancillary
services also assists the tour operator in increasing the satisfaction of the tourists. All these
elements together create an everlasting experience of the tourists and increase their
satisfaction level.

LO2
P3
The tourism behavior of the tourists is affected by various factors which are present in the
internal and external environment. The internal and external factors impact the destination
location and the urge to visit a specific destination. Some of these factors are as follows:
 Health Factors
Health factors have been a major factor that impacts the tourist behavior. Tourist’s
across the world have been health conscious and are determined to visit the locations
that are close to nature so that they can naturally be benefitted (Regan et al., 2012).
Also, the health measures of tourists due to medical concerns also affect tourism
behavior. Various destinations that are highly polluted are not preferred by the tourists
and rather destinations with natural habitats are visited.
 Religious Importance
The religious importance held by various destinations also affects the tourism behavior
of tourists. Various destinations like India, Egypt, and Iran, etc. have religious
importance of various tourists and thus are highly preferred to gain religious experience.
These destinations are not just preferred by the residents of the country residing
outside but are impact the choices of tourists which tend in gaining cultural and social
exposure (Li, 2014).
 Influence from Family and Friends
Tourist behavior is also majorly influenced through the references provided by the
family and friends. The suggestions regarding the choice of destinations provided by the
close friends and family members assist the tourist in deciding the destination.
 Popularity of Destinations
The popularity of various destinations also attracts tourists and affects their tourism
behavior (Kaynak and Uysal, 2012). The most common visited destinations attract
tourists to gain the experience provided by the destination.



P4
Motivation plays an important role in the travel and tourism industry through which the tour
operators can motivate the tourists in visiting places to different destinations and providing
them with a satisfying experience. Various theories of motivation can be applied to tourism,
which is as follows:
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Through this theory of motivation, tourists can be motivated by satisfying a pyramid of
needs which lead to motivation. Various 5-star hotels utilize this model for motivating
customers to prefer their services over others. The Hilton Hotel of London satisfies the
first stage of the pyramid that includes the basic physiological needs like providing
proper accommodation and basic amenities to their customers (Šimková and Holzner,
2014). Then it satisfies the safety and security needs by providing a secure environment
in their hotel. The third need of belongingness and love is fulfilled by the Hilton hotel by
creating a friendly environment by helping staff. The fourth need for self-esteem is
provided by the hotel by giving proper respect and recognition to the tourists. The last
need for self-actualization is satisfied by handling the problems of the tourists and
providing them with creative solutions to relish their experience.
Figure 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
[Source: Šimková and Holzner, 2014]

REFERENCES
1. Brouder, P. and Eriksson, R.H., 2013. Tourism evolution: On the synergies of tourism
studies and evolutionary economic geography. Annals of Tourism Research, 43, pp.370-
389.
2. de Souza Bispo, M., 2016. Tourism as practice. Annals of Tourism Research, 61, pp.170-
179.
3. Kaynak, E. and Uysal, M., 2012. Global tourist behavior. Routledge.
4. Li, M., 2014. Cross-cultural tourist research: A meta-analysis. Journal of Hospitality &
Tourism Research, 38(1), pp.40-77.
5. Ma, M. and Hassink, R., 2013. An evolutionary perspective on tourism area
development. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, pp.89-109.
6. Merinero-Rodríguez, R. and Pulido-Fernández, J.I., 2016. Analysing relationships in
tourism: A review. Tourism Management, 54, pp.122-135.
7. Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development,
globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
8. Murphy, P.E., 2012. Tourism: A community approach (Vol. 4). Routledge.
9. Page, S.J., 2014. Tourism management. Routledge.
10. Regan, N., Carlson, J. and Rosenberger III, P.J., 2012. Factors affecting group-oriented
travel intention to major events. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(2), pp.185-
204.
11. Šimková, E. and Holzner, J., 2014. Motivation of tourism participants. Procedia-Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 159, pp.660-664.
12. Stone, M.J., Soulard, J., Migacz, S. and Wolf, E., 2018. Elements of memorable food,
drink, and culinary tourism experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 57(8), pp.1121-
1132.
13. Xu, F., Weber, J. and Buhalis, D., 2013. Gamification in tourism. In Information and
communication technologies in tourism 2014 (pp. 525-537). Springer, Cham.