Report on Global Travel and Tourism: Patterns, Trends, and Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global travel and tourism industry. It begins by exploring key historical developments and the various interconnected elements within the sector, including direct and indirect influences on customer experience. The report then delves into factors that drive tourist behavior, utilizing motivational theories to understand consumer decision-making processes. Furthermore, it examines current patterns and key trends shaping the industry, followed by an investigation into the factors affecting the popularity of different global destinations. The report covers social and geographical factors and the impact of each on the travel and tourism industry. The content is structured to provide a detailed overview of the industry's evolution, consumer behavior, and destination dynamics.

GLOBAL TRAVEL
AND TOURISM
PATTERN AND
TRENDS
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Key developments and different elements of the travel industry................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
Factors driving tourist behaviour by using the motivational theories.........................................6
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
Current patterns and key trends in travel and tourism..............................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
Factors affecting the current levels of popularity of different global destinations...................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
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INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism sector is a rapidly growing business in UK which is contributing its
maximum efforts in the development of economy. This sector attracts the customers by using the
local attractions, buildings, gardens, etc. and provides them facilities for making their journey
comfortable. The business firms of this sector is are also working with hospitality businesses in
order to provide good experience to the customers during their journey. This report will discuss
the key historical developments in the travel and tourism industry along with the explanation of
different elements of the travel and tourism industry and how they interrelate each other. Further,
tourism influencing factors and their impact on the decision making process will be explained.
Also explanation of models of motivation and how they influences consumer decision making
process will be done. In last, Investigation of various factors which are affecting the current
levels of popularity of different global destinations will be discussed.
TASK 1
Key developments and different elements of the travel industry
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Briefing Paper
Developments in travel and tourism sector
In ancient time, rich people spent their free time in coastal or hilly areas in order to get
peaceful environment. In medieval age, tour for pilgrimage purpose started which developed the
tourism business among the travellers. Sl9owly people started taking interest in travelling for
visiting other places and countries. This business leads to the establishment of accommodation
and inns for the travellers so that they get a place to sleep and eat. Later on, culture also stared
attracting people. People having high income or wealth started to arrange travel and tourism
packages for the travellers so that they can satisfy the needs of travellers while earning some
money. Later on, people also started travelling for educational purpose by using the travel
business (Theobald, 2012). The travel businesses started growing at a rapid pace in the 19th
century which results into development of resorts, hotels, restaurants, airlines etc. These also
helped the travel industry in gaining more growth and success. The first travel agency which
was opened in UK was Cox & Kings and it was founded in 1758 by Richard Cox. The
popularity of trains in the 20th century leads to new developments in auto-mobile sector. Due to
this, new types of transportations mediums started to developed. The emergence of train and
vehicles are considered as the milestones for the travel and tourism sector. Mercedes Benz was
also built for satisfying the needs of travellers. After 1952, flights from from London started to
other countries which leads the growth of tourism in double digits. Following this, people
started the travelling from flights instead of road or rail transport as air travel saves the precious
time of travellers. The growth of travel also helped the hospitality industry to grow. Resorts,
travel agents, tourism firms etc. were founded by the entrepreneurs in order to earn profit by
attracting the travellers to travel to different places.
These above discussed milestones are changing the travel industry in getting more
growth and success in the market. These milestones or developments are responsible for the
rapid growth of the travel industry. The behaviour and expectation of humans are also changing
which leads to these developments (Moutinho and Vargas-Sanchez, 2018). These
developments or milestones are helpful for the travel firms in satisfying the needs and demand
of the customers. Also these advancement or developments also occurred due to change in
technology, transportation and others. From boats to aeroplanes, the industry is growing rapidly
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and attracts a large number of customers to travel from one place to another.
Variety of sectors comprising within the travel and tourism organisation
Different types of sectors which are working with the travel and tourism industry for
providing a good experience to the customers. These sectors are food and beverage section,
travel and transportation service and lodging and accommodation services When travel
industry does not consider the preferences of their customers then they fails to provide good
experience to the customers which leads to degraded brand image. These sectors also needs to
provide their products and services according to the demand of the customers in order to
positively impact the customers.
Elements of travel industry and their interrelation
Travel and tourism sector is full of competition due to the rapid growth. The business
firms needs to adopt the ongoing changes among the customers in their business operations for
providing them services accordingly. Travel industry includes two type of elements i.e. direct
and indirect elements as discussed below:
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Different sectors
Accommodation
It is related to the accommodation facilitie
such as hotekls, motels and inns etc.
TRANSPORTATION -
It is related to the sources which are
Useful for the transport like bus, trains
And areoplans.
Entertainment
It is related to the services
which are related to
entertainment like casino,
theatre and live music etc.
Informational
It is related to the information of travel
And torism services and others.

Indirect elements
After getting the satisfaction from the direct elements, customers go for indirect
elements such as electricity, water supply, Wi-Fi, communication etc. When these services are
provided by the hotel and travel operators properly, customers feels satisfied from the service
which leaves a positive impact upon them. This will also positively impact the brand image of
industry and support in getting more growth.
Interrelation of these both elements can be supported by the using example as discussed
below:
For example: An individual looks for the facilities which are provided by the tour
agency in their package while booking. Through this, the person can determines the types of
accommodation, food and transportations services (Direct elements)of that particular location
which are provided or arranged by the tour agency in the package. After visiting these facilities,
the person further look out for the facilities provided to them for entertainment, staying etc.
such as Wi-Fi, Proper water supply, Proper food and beverage services (Indirect elements) etc.
When the customers are satisfied with both of the elements then they can enjoy their journey
without facing any issues and their experience will also become good. This experience will
ensure customer satisfaction and they will prefer to visit the place again.
Direct elements
These are the elements which are directly experienced by the customers during their
journey such as transportation, accommodation, ancillary services etc. These elements provides
comfortable journey in terms of staying in hotel, eating food, travelling to local places etc. to
customers (Hall, 2013). For example: When travelling to UK, if the transportation services or
food services of the place is not good then it will negatively impact the customers which can
further leads to reduced image of the country and services providers.
Their are different sectors within the travel and tourism organisation such as transportation
sector which is considered with providing travel facilities to the customer so that they can easily
reach to one place to another and accommodation services such as Travelodge hotel can provide
services that helps them in providing lodging facilities to the customers so that they can reside
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at a proper place while enjoying their tour. Entertainment sections is also included within the
travel and tourism sector which provide music, dance, movie facilities to the customers and
moreover informational services are provided to the customers regarding their travel and
tourism purpose. These all the elements are interrelated to each other as when the customers
goes for a tour firstly there is a need of informational services regarding the travel and tourism
services as well as when the proper information is provided to the customer it needs help for the
transportation facilities such as in the form of car, bus, train and flights. This helps the customer
in reaching from one place to another as well as requires accommodation facilities to stay while
enjoying the travel and tourism services. Moreover in context to all such services tourist is high
in demand for the entertainment services such as they demand for dance parties and theatre
facilities so that it can effectively serve their tourism purpose. This way all the elements of
travel and tourism are highly interrelated to each other.
TASK 2
Factors driving tourist behaviour by using the motivational theories
Factors impacting the tourists behaviour
There are various factors which can restricts the customers to travel to a particular
location or place. This can also impact the travel and tourism sector as the behaviour of the
customers also gets impacted due to these factors. These factors includes social, cultural,
political etc. which are considered by the customers before travelling. For example: If
environmental and political conditions of a place are not favourable for the customers then they
will choose any favourable location. Whereas place having good culture and people will attract
the customers to travel to that place. Some of these factors are discussed below: Social factors:These factors are associated with the changing needs and preferences of
the customers which can impact their decisions time to time in travelling to places.
These changing needs are result of the advancement in technology and world. So, these
changing needs is the major challenge for the business firms and for customers in taking
the proper decision for selecting a particular place. This can be supported by using the
example of John as follows (Blanchard and Higgins-Desbiolles, 2013). For example: A
person having name John wants to visit some religiously important place in order to
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provide the peace to the mind. After consulting with his friends, his friends insisted him
to hang out with friends on beach or on a hill station instead of visiting a religious
place. His friends told him that hanging out with friends will provide him peace of mind
a well as satisfaction. His decision was easily impacted by his friends and it can be said
that the changing needs of customers and social factors can impact the decision making
process of customers. Therefore social factors has a high impact on the decision making
process as different individual have different attitude and lifestyle towards work, have
different cultural backgrounds. This impacts the decision of the customer as with the
social needs of the tourist it has to change their decisions regarding choosing the
different place to visit.
 Geographical factors: This factor is considered to the the weather and climatic
conditions according to which the customers are provides services at a particular
location or destination. These services or facilities effects the decisions of the customers
to avail the service of the hospitality industry or not. (Minca and Oakes, 2012). This
can be supported by using the following example. For example: When an individual
plans to visit the hills stations in India such as Gangtok, they sees the reviews of other
travellers who had visited this place. The roads and weather of this place if not good for
the travellers and as a result of which they needs to modify their plan of visiting any
other place instead of Gangtok such as Manali, Goa or Maldives. Therefore differences
in the geographical condition in the various regions has a impact on their decision
making process as when the customer plans to visit a place but the climatic conditions
are not favourable it makes the tourist to change their plan and decision.
 Cultural factors: These factors are associated with the variation in language, culture and
nation etc. which can impact the customers in interacting with the people or with
travelling. These factors can influence the decision making process of customers
(Dasgupta, 2011). This can be supported by using the following example. For example:
When a person from Asian countries is planning to visit the France then he/she can face
issues in interacting with the local people as he/she is not aware of the French language.
This can negatively impact their decisions in visiting that country. Also the person could
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not enjoy and communicate with the people due to knowing French language. Also the
person can be misguided or mislead to any other wrong area which can impact his life
too. So this factors can also effect the decision of the customers to choose a location to
travel. Cultural factors has a impact on the decision making of the customers as
individuals with different nations have different cultural backgrounds and beliefs. This
forces the customer to plan their tour in the country where they are familiar with the
cultural background of the country and change their decisions towards not visiting the
country in which there is difference in the cultural backgrounds. This way cultural factor
impacts the decision making process of the customer.
Motivational model
Motivation is the power which influence the people to perform the task or work more
effectively. There are various models of motivation which impacts the decision making of
customers (Long, 2013). Maslow hierarchy of needs is the taken model for motivating the
customers in taking their decisions as discussed below:
Maslow hierarchy of needs
Illustration 1: Maslow hierarchy of needs
Source: Maslow hierarchy of needs, 2014
Physiological needs: These are the essential needs to people which are necessary for the
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survival while travelling such as accommodation, transportation , water etc. The managers of
the tour packages or firms needs to ensure that the basic needs of customers are fulfilled
through their services.
Safety needs: While travelling, tourists are mainly worried of their safety and health
which are the safety needs of humans. Managers of the travel firms needs to ensure that the
tourist are safe during the journey and are free from any harm which can negatively impact their
health (Connell, 2013). The travel firms needs to provide proper transportation facility to
customer so that they can travel without any problem.
Love and Belongingness needs: These needs are also demanded by the customers while
travelling which must be ensured by the management of travel firms. The managers needs to
ensure that the behaviour of staff towards the employees stay good so that they can develop
sense of belongingness with the firm while travelling.
Esteem needs: These need are associated with the status and respect of travellers. The
management of the travel firms needs to ensure that the customers are getting proper respect
from the staff and local people in order to enhance their satisfaction levels. The better
experience and satisfaction will ensure that the customers will visit the destination again.
Self actualisation needs: These needs are associated with the interest and self desire of
customers while taking the services during travelling. The managers needs to provide the
packages to the customers based on their demands so that proper and required services can be
provided to customers for their satisfaction (Pomering Noble and Johnson, 2011). The
managers needs to take care of budget, places to be visited and accommodated to customers etc.
so that services can be provided accordingly.
This above discussed model of motivation must be considered by the management of the
Travel firms in order to satisfy the needs of their customers at every level. The management can
determine the type of needs of individuals from this model can fulfil them accordingly in order
to ensure the customer satisfaction.
These elements are interrelated with each other in providing a good experience to the
customers when they are visiting a country. The management of the business firms needs to
take care of these elements for ensuring the satisfaction of customers. If one element will not
provide the satisfaction to customers then it will results in bad image of the whole sector and
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tourist would not want to visit the place again.
TASK 3
Current patterns and key trends in travel and tourism
In the modern era, travel and tourism sector is growing at a faster extent which is
because of changes which are going on in the industry and in the pattern and trends of customers
in the global travel and tourism industry. These trends are discussed below:
Increase in demand for educational and ecological tours : People in this modern world
also prefers to travel for their business or educational purpose. People visit any location in hope
of learning something good which also enhanced the demand of ecological and educational
tours at an international level. For example: London is full of museums and historical places due
to having a good history. So people who wants to learn about the history or about the science
can visit the London. Also the natural biodiversity attracts customers for acquiring new
knowledge regarding the animals and plants.
Increased facilities of last minute bookings : In this ever changing world, the
preferences of the customer also changes due to which they book at the last moment or some
time before travelling. People in past time book their packages or ticket several day before due to
not having advanced technology and resources (Radojevic, Stanisic and Stanic, 2015).
However, today's world is full of technology and customers can book their packages and tickets
from their phones and laptops. People can even book anything on the last minute which is a
benefit to them. For example: A large number of people wants to visit the London but they may
not get the ticket as huge number of people desires to visit London. The customers in such cases
can use the last minute booking which is a little bit costly but ensures the booking.
Increasing interest of the customers towards history and culture of the country- This
factors also leads to rise in emerging trend form the global travel and tourism industry. People
wants to acquire knowledge of culture of various places due to which they prefers to visit the
places having cultural diversity. For example: London has a rough history of over 1000 years and
also has people of various cultures and nations (McWha and et. al., 2016). This can also attracts
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the customers having such desire in order to become aware and take experience of the vivid
culture of this European city.
These trends are results of the enhanced awareness of the people in order to learn
something new as well as due to the changes in technology. There are various factors of interest
towards the history and culture, are also attracting the customers. London is the capital city of
England and is important in terms of global travel and tourism industry. The City is famous for
its architecture, culture, buildings, views, gardens etc. due to which people wants to visit this
place. This is also helping the travel sector in getting the desired growth.
These are the key or the modern trends which are prevailing in the travel and tourism
sector such as with the increase demand of the tourist towards the educational, religious and
ecological tours, it has greatly led to the enhancement of the global tourism. As with the increase
in demand of the customer towards visiting the world. This has enhanced the scope of travel and
tourism sector and moreover with the enhanced facilities of last time bookings it has greatly
provides customers with the facility to plan tours at the last moment as all the facilities such as
transportation, food and lodging facilities can be booked at the last time. This enhances the
significance of global tourism.
TASK 4
Factors affecting the current levels of popularity of different global destinations
There are a large number of factors which are enhancing the demand of the various
locations worldwide. London is also one of the example of such destination. People visit this
location due to the availability of various cultural, historical and natural places. Some of the
factors which are making the London as most favourite places of UK among the customers are as
discussed below:
Economical Factor: This factor is associated with the economic condition of the people
and country. Financially stabled people wants to travel to the developed countries such as UK,
France and Europe in order to get a good experience (Falk and et. al., 2012). This is because,
developed countries usually have the necessary resources, transportation and other facilities
which are essential for the travellers. Whereas in underdeveloped countries, these facilities lacks
due to which customers does not prefer these countries. So these factors positively impact the
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