Globalisation and Business Success: Marks & Spencer Research Report

This research report investigates the impact of globalisation on business success, using Marks & Spencer as a case study. The report begins with an introduction, outlining the research overview, background, rationale, aims, objectives, and research questions. It then provides a literature review exploring the concept of globalisation and its drivers, such as trade liberalization, cost differences, technological advancements, and international investment. The research methodology section details the type of investigation, research approach, techniques, philosophy, design, data collection, sampling, and ethical considerations. The discussion section analyzes Marks & Spencer's experience with globalisation. The report also includes a conclusion, recommendations, and reflections on alternative methodologies. The study aims to determine the importance of globalisation and its effects on business success, identifying challenges and benefits for Marks & Spencer within the global market. The report includes a Gantt chart and a comprehensive list of references.

RESEARCH
PROJECT

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
Overview of research..............................................................................................................1
Background of research..........................................................................................................1
Rationale of Research.............................................................................................................2
Aim of research......................................................................................................................2
Research objectives................................................................................................................2
Research questions.................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................4
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................9
Type of Investigation..............................................................................................................9
Research Approach.................................................................................................................9
Research Techniques..............................................................................................................9
Research philosophy.............................................................................................................10
Research Design...................................................................................................................10
Data collection......................................................................................................................10
Data sampling.......................................................................................................................11
Ethical issues........................................................................................................................11
Gantt Chart...........................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION.........................................................................................................13
Marks & Spencer and Globalisation.....................................................................................13
.......................................................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................18
Conclusion............................................................................................................................18
Recommendations................................................................................................................18
CHAPTER 7: REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGIES..............................19
Reflection.............................................................................................................................19
Alternative methodologies....................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20
Research objectives..............................................................................................................22

Topic: “How globalisation can drive business success”
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Overview of research
Globalisation is not a new word for most people as they know that globalisation has
provided greater opportunities to not any individual but to company as well. This is a growing
process through which companies are growing in a rapid speed and assisting in developing
business and providing better services and facilities to its customers. Globalisation is not
confined with only economy but it has different perspectives as well such as social, cultural,
ideological and political. In relation with business globalisation, it is being accepted by most of
the companies as it has widen and speed-up connection between one another world-wide.
Background of research
Research is a systematic work which is undertaken in order to have proper knowledge
regarding different kinds of activities, knowledge about humans, culture and society. Therefore,
research is conducted order to have in-depth information that can be further applied in future
proceedings (Aas, 2013). Globalisation is a wider concept and it includes different kinds of
tendencies such as economic, social and cultural as well. In simple terms, globalisation is a
process through which companies in different countries interact with various firms and do
trading, financial transactions etc., for operating their business in an effective manner. Marks and
Spencer is one of the leading companies in United Kingdom. Company was founded in the year
around 1884 and since 135 years they are providing effective services and facilities to its
valuable customers. Globalisation has aided many companies with benefits as it has provided
them a wider platform of operating their business in an effective manner in different locations
around the world. Therefore, this research is conducted in order to have proper knowledge
regarding the impact of globalisation and how it helps in taking business towards success. Main
reason behind this is that globalisation have an effect on business life and through this company
can enhance its tools and technologies which can further leads towards competitive advancement
(Agrawal, 2017). Therefore, with the help of this research Marks and Spencer will get to know
about what are the factors through which company can enhance its business at international
level. With the help of globalisation company will be able to develop effective communication
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process with other firms and companies. As a result, this will be helpful in free trading between
countries.
Currently, Marks and Spencer is going through some complications in operating its
business at national level because their sales are decreasing. Therefore, with the help of new
marketing strategies company is thinking of expanding its business at International level. Thus,
this research will be helpful for researcher in understand what all factors are crucial and which
can provide benefits and make them eligible in sustaining in the market for a longer period of
time (Beck, 2018).
Rationale of Research
Present research is based on the topic “To determine importance of globalisation and its
impact on success of business”. A study on Marks and Spencer. This will aid researcher in
having proper information about the research topic. Therefore, with the help of this research,
researcher will not only know about the factors that are required to be focussed more but will
also aid in enhancing knowledge of research is being conducted. Significance of this research is
to have proper understanding about the impact of globalisation in taking business towards
success.
Aim of research
While conducting a research aim plays a crucial role as on the basis of this objectives are
formulated which is further required for doing research in an effective manner. Therefore, aim of
this research is to “To determine importance of globalisation and its impact on success of
business”. A study on Marks and Spencer.
Research objectives
 To understand the concept of globalisation.
 To identify the drivers that influence company towards globalisation.
 To study various benefits of globalisation that can lead Marks and Spencer to success.
 To identify different kinds of challenges that can be faced by Marks and Spencer while
operating their business in globalised world.
Research questions
 What do understand by the concept of globalisation?
 What are the drivers that influence company towards globalisation?
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 What are the benefits of globalisation that can lead Marks and Spencer to success?
 What kinds of challenges that can be faced by Marks and Spencer while operating their
business in globalised world?
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Concept of globalisation
According to the view point of Benería, Berik and Floro, (2015) Globalisation, provides a
closer integration of countries, companies and people that helps in operating business in an
effective manner. In this faster growing economy where doing business for a company becomes
expensive globalisation has played a crucial role as it has reduced cost of transportation and
communications. Along with this, it has breakdown numerous boundaries because of which flow
of goods, services, capital and knowledge has become more easier. Therefore, globalisation has
helped in clearing path for worldwide development as a result, any company at any level can
easily take their business at global platform. Globalisation is not only around with economic
factor but it has also putting positive impact on other elements as well. Developing countries
have access to new markets which is providing maximum benefits in terms of movement of
labour, foreign capital, latest technologies etc.,
In relation with trade at global level it is helping in enhancing economic growth.
Globalisation to some extent has reduce trade restrictions. Other than this, companies can now
get cheap labour forces for performing their task in an effective manner. Globalisation has not
only improved the way of doing any particular work but it has also helped in transferring new
and latest technologies from developing countries. As a result, it aid company towards global
competition for a longer period of time. Therefore, in order to do the same companies nowadays
are focussing on producing goods that are of superior qualities which is leading towards
specification and efficiency. Apart from this, globalisation has provided better access to goods,
foreign culture etc.,
Drivers that influence Marks and Spencer towards globalisation
As per Benigno and Faia, (2016) Globalisation is primarily an economic process with the
help of which interaction and integration of activities takes place. Thus, it can be said that
globalisation is totally based on four components making worldwide connections,exchange of
technologies, resources of capital and exchange of goods and services. Globalisation has
resultant in increase in economic expansion between national whether at national or international
level. There are some drives of globalisation that has influenced numerous companies in
expanding their business at different levels so, some of them are explained below for better
understanding:
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Trade Liberalization: Marks and Spencer is one of the leading companies in United
Kingdom and they are playing a crucial role in increasing revenue of the nation. While operating
business in an effective manner company must know about the trade policies that have been
regulated by government of a nation. This is consider as one of the key drivers that motivates
different kinds of activities which are generally related to market access (Blaser, McRae and
Feit, 2013). In this changing world trade liberalisation has made things more cheaper and of
good quality as well. Therefore, in future if Marks and Spencer wants to expand its business at
different locations than this can help them in doing so as this will allow company in trading for
free without any additional costs. Along with this, customers can also gets an opportunity of
getting best quality products at cheaper cost and competitive advancement. For example:
according to the recent trade liberalization United Kingdom has started focussing on service
sector more instead of manufacturing. Along with this, there are numerous agreements by
different Unions after signing them companies easily trade between companies such as European
Union, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) etc., Under this members have
common foreign trade policies which help them in reducing trade barriers (Eriksen, 2014).
Difference in cost between countries: There are various factors at every stage of
development such as cost of production, land, capital, labour etc., and these must be considered
by companies so that they can run their business in an effective manner. Undoubtedly, all these
factors will be different in various countries. For example: labour cost in China will be less as
compared to United Kingdom so, getting workers in those areas at cheap cost is easier. With the
help of resource with limited economy company can manufacture or perform various activities
easily. Therefore, it is also one of an effective drivers that can influence company in taking itself
towards globalisation because it will now only provide labour but also resources at cheap cost.
Also, it is not like if a company is getting all the factors than it is poor but instead company gets
a variety of scope for improving its business.
Rapid change in technology: With the change in course of time, globalisation has
provided greater opportunities to companies for choosing technology that are effective and can
aid them in increasing sales and profitability. Therefore, in whatever sector a company is dealing
technology has provided them with effective facilities. In recent times, this has become one of an
important drivers which is pushing companies towards globalisation. Thus, most of the
companies are moving towards implementing latest technology. As a result, with the help of this
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communication process has become more easier. As a result, it is aiding in improving sales and
profitability in a speculated time frame. As compared to earlier times, operating business was
quite difficult and it is because of transportation but as technologies has evolved companies can
now deliver effective services and facilities to remote areas as well. As a result, globalisation and
technology has provided greater opportunities in doing their business.
International investment : This drives globalization by expanding economic integration.
In present years, there has been an up-tick in global investment, including commercial loans,
foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment. Many countries have pleased
this to acquire the benefits of international investment, which include the initiation of productive
enterprises, jobs, and new sources of income.
Market drivers : As domestic markets become more and more saturated, the
opportunities for growth are limited and worldwide expanding is a way most organizations
choose to overcome this situation. They each run marketing campaigns that are changing the way
in which people do business. Similar customer needs and the opportunity to use global marketing
channels and transfer marketing to some extent are also incentives to choose internationalization.
Benefits of globalisation that can lead Marks and Spencer to success
According to the view point of Goswami and Narwal, (2014) Globalisation has put a
great impact on an individual and companies because it has provided benefits in terms of
economy. Considerably globalisation has provided greater opportunities to companies with free
trade between different nations. Therefore, to understand benefits in a better manner some of
them are explained below:
More Revenue Streams: Main motive of companies of operating business at global level
is to get maximum access of resources so that better outcomes can be gained. For example:
companies who have already sustained a better position at local or national market they can think
of expanding its business at global level. Therefore, after having proper evaluation of market at
international level company can easily provide better services and facilities to its customers
which will ultimately improves sales and profitability in a stipulated time frame. Along with this,
with the help of globalisation company will be able to increase customer's base. Apart from this,
Marks and Spencer, through this can create new opportunities and for getting benefits they can
minimise cost and can earn profit as well (Gwynne and Cristobal, 2014).
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Resources and Supplies: Main benefits of globalisation is that it has reduced trade
boundaries and provided firm with opportunities of grabbing excellent resources and raw
materials. As a result, companies are becoming more industrialised and giving effective services
and facilities to its valuable customers. Therefore, this assist in having new and better
relationship with supplier and customers as well. As a result, for Marks and Spencer, it will aid
them in strengthening at global market.
Challenges that can be faced by Marks and Spencer while operating their business in
globalised world
As per Yankuzo, (2014) While operating business there are many challenges that can be
faced by companies which can further hamper further activities. Some of the challenges are
explained below for better understanding:
Organisational Communications: Communication is one of the crucial element that is
necessary in order to establish better understanding and relationship. For Marks and Spencer, as
they have their business in different location so, for them it is necessary that they use effective
communication systems with the help of which they can interact with their staff members. But
while establishing their business in different location this can work as a challenge for Marks and
Spencer, as they can find it difficult to interact with local customers. As a result, this can leads to
decrease in sales and profitability.
Human Resources: At the time of global expansion , company requires right person who
can work and provides better results to them in international market. Thus, human resources is
the core element of a firm that drive company towards success. But if company fails to hire
eligible employees for their organisation than this can act as a challenge. Firm can decrease its
sales which can further put a bad impact on image of the company. Therefore, developing team
according to the need and requirements of companies firm might need additional investment.
Adopting right country: Majorly company establish their business in order to have
better growth. For this, they use different kinds of strategies so that maximum number of people
can be attracted. Therefore, while expanding its business in different locations there is a
requirement that company have a better understanding. Thus, this can be one of the biggest
challenge for an organisation. They further have to conduct and understand which will the best
place that will be suitable for them to expand their business and this might take ample time. On
the other hand, even after establishing their business is company is unable to interact with
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customers than they can face losses which can moreover, put a negative impact on companies
(Hirst, Thompson and Bromley, 2015).
Impact of Political Risk: This is a common challenge that can be faced by companies
and further it can have a negative impact on business operations. Extreme issue which can be
faced by any companies of exchange rates because different nations have various tariff charges
due to which firm can become more or less competitive. Thus, it is crucial that Marks and
Spencer before expanding its business to different countries company have proper understanding
of political system and the requirements of people who are living within the country.
Therefore, these are some challenges which can be faced by Marks and Spencer while
operating business in global world. Along with this, superiors of the nation must look after all
these factors so that in coming future no problems can hinder their business operations (Kahler,
2012).
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is said to be a techniques with the help of which researcher tries
to conduct research in an effective manner. It is generally used to evaluate, select and analyse
things regarding any specific topic. Therefore, with the help of research methodology researcher
can easily perform and accomplish research in a proper manner. Research methodology basically
helps in gathering information and data with the purpose of making research more reliable.
Furthermore, factors that are required in this are mentioned below for better understanding:
Type of Investigation
It is considered as a process, strategies and techniques that are required while collecting
data and information (Kamens, 2013). Generally, there are two types of research methods and
these are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative method is used for collecting and measuring
data on theoretical basis. This further help in having better understanding about the selected
topic. With the help of this, research can be conducted with less sample size without any issue
and problem. Whereas, quantitative method is used for gathering data in numerical form.
Therefore, interpretation of data is being done in a mathematical and statistical techniques. This
is very helpful in analysing data and have information in a detailed manner without any
complications. Thus, for doing this research, researcher is using qualitative method for collecting
data and information.
Research Approach
While doing a research basically, there are two approaches which are being used by a
researcher and these are inductive and deductive. Former one helps in developing new theories
with the help of creating hypothesis. Thus, it can be said that it is based on qualitative research
method. Whereas, deductive approach is based on quantitative method. Therefore, while
conducting this research inductive approach is being used because it is based on qualitative
method hence, collecting data and information can be done in detailed and easy manner
(Karadagli, 2012).
Research Techniques
This is an important component on which entire research is based. Currently, there are
different kinds of techniques which researcher can use while doing research and these are
questionnaire, interview, survey etc., Furthermore, it is crucial for investigator to use effective
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method through which entire activity can be performed easily. Thus, in order to do this research,
researcher will use questionnaire in which different questions will be mentioned and all this will
be of specific research topic for which researcher wants to collect information. As a result, it will
help investigator in evaluating a valid conclusion.
Research philosophy
Research Philosophy states that, on a prior basis data must be collected, then analysed
and then it should be used. Thus, it is important that researcher choose better philosophy. It is
further classified into two i.e. positivism in which both mathematical and scientific methods are
being used for collecting information and data in an effective manner. Another philosophy is
interpretivism, under this, researcher use qualitative means for gathering information.
Therefore, in order to do this research, researcher will use interpretivism philosophy is very
helpful in providing data for a specific area (Kaur and et. al., 2014).
Research Design
This is a considered as a pre-planned sketch that defines issues. It is generally based of
three types one is descriptive, experimental and exploratory. Thus, with a proper research design
researcher can specify objectives, gather data and uses different methods for analysing the same.
Descriptive research design helps in having detailed explanation of a particular areas.
Experimental consist of scientific analysis so as to formulate and develop certain theory.
Therefore, for doing this research descriptive method will be used as it will help in having proper
understanding regarding an issue. As a result, proper solutions can be evaluated for better
understanding.
Data collection
There are several methods by which respondents collect information but basically two
methods are being used and these are primary: in which data are collected for the first time. This
is although time consuming but most of the researcher follow this so that better results can be
obtained. Other method is secondary from which information are collected from books, journals
etc., this is the most easiest and less time consuming because data are available on various
sources. In order to do this research, researcher will use both primary and secondary method of
data collection as it will be helpful in analysing information in a better way (Lechner and Boli,
2014).
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Data sampling
It is determined as a statistical techniques form whom researcher gather information and
continue the process of analysing and data. Most of the researcher, uses random sampling
method under which subset of population is being selected. Furthermore, in order to get
information 40 respondents will be selected and this will be sufficient. Therefore, while doing
this research questionnaire will be used that will constitute around 10 questions which will be
open around.
Ethical issues
This is a crucial component that helps in making research more appropriate in nature. For
example: for a researcher it is very important that information that are being collected by them
must be kept confidential so that no other person can misuse the same. Along with this, it is
crucial that whatever information are collected should be based on set objectives. As a result, it
will help in doing research in a positive manner (Nagaike, 2015).
Gantt Chart
This is a tool with the help of which a researcher can get to know about the time period
under which they have to accomplish their project. It generally, display time period what task is
to be done on a prior basis. Therefore, with the help of Gantt Chart, research can develop and
monitor the task in a regular basis. Along with this, it helps researcher in knowing any additional
resources that are required for doing actions in an effective way.
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CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION
Marks & Spencer and Globalisation
Globalisation refers to integration of the markets in a global economy, leading to
enhanced interconnectness of national economies. Markets where the globalisation is specifically
common consists financial markets like insurance markets, credit markets, capital markets etc.
Marks & Spencer is one of biggest retailer in world. In 30 countries, it has around 150 stores
consisting 130 franchises which operating business across globe. This company is most popular
for its clothing chain in United Kingdom. Other than food, it sell home furnishings, gifts and
footwear. In UK, it has only 450 stores and also chain of 294 stores. Marks & Spencer owns
America’s Brooks Brothers and King Super Markets of United States. In order to meet with
demand of consumers, firm can get facilitated through Direct Mail. Core objective of this firm is
to meeting expectation of consumers and also provide them easy as well as wide list of goods
and services. Financial services for consumers are offered through financial services of group
which comprise of life insurance, unit trust management etc.
In year 2018, in United Kingdom, Marks & Spencer was 1035 stores and 428 located in
all around world. This company has its operations at worldwide and employs around 81000
people in which 72% are female. Marks & Spencer use different kinds of the foreign entry
around world. Firm believes in opening of its own stores in main economies. It has its own stores
in France, Spain, Canada etc. When it forming its international alliances, it prefer an experienced
retailer in specific country, the first joint venture of this country was established in Spain and it
felt the market power and cultural distance of its firm that will aids to mitigate political
behaviour and climate of firm. In Spain, its international strategies yielded the successful
outcomes which help in gain more popularity in global markets. On the other hand, Marks &
Spencer organisation open its stores in Europe, Far East and America. In various parts, it has
various operational strategies which depending in host countries values. In America, It has been
used the acquisitions with the Brook Brothers that is a clothing firm. In Europe, it has its direct
stores running and some were run with the Franchise and the others by direct investment. Marks
& Spencer company has wide range of the return on food items and also has earned the trust of
consumers. So, this firm decided to invest its main investment in beauty products, food and
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home. This company uses the direct investment in the global sectors which gained them
competitive benefits.
Marks & Spencer organisation is adopting the franchise model in order to sell in to
Chinese Retail market. Telegraph throws an insight newly opened 3rd outlet in China. The
advertisement of Marks & Spencer company is less as compared to the other retailers. From
proper selection of the Franchise, to gain customer data that will help firm in future development
related to the size, design and the trends in to internal markets. In addition to this, dynamic
website with the online sales platform should be developed as an alternative medium.
Advertisement and some of the other promotional activities will aids in developing strong brand
image in internal market. In regards to combining the International Sized and British Style,
product development is required to attain development of Marks & Spencer at international level.
There are different factors which impact on the internationalization strategy of Marks &
Spencer. In this, technology is one of the most necessary factor under which firm was forced to
change its strategies in different countries. In fast developing technological world, technology
used through Marks & Spencer is been available where it opened its stores. Small adjustment to
technical functioning of store is more for firm to have its strategy working most necessary factor
in an effective manner. One of the most necessary factor that has resemblance in formulation of
the internationalisation strategy is distance and geography. As marketing strategy of this
company is universal but it does not mean that it uses the same strategies in all parts of world.
There is more affect of globalisation to formulation of the internationalisation strategies.
Customers from the different countries are various because of varying culture, income level and
economic development. Apart from them, government trade related policies plays a necessary
role in formulation of strategy, it is complex to consider the domestic policy without including
the international repercussions. In context to formulating strategy in US, bilateral negotiations
are to be carried out covering the wide range of investments, products and services. Such kind of
policy should be pursue government in order to facilitate the competitiveness as well as
encourage the collaboration between firms in areas of produces and the process technologies.
The main benefit of Marks & Spencer government policy is that it has better opportunity of
taking the benefit of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) in United States. It takes
advantage of tax under an agreement and also outsourcing its goods and services to Canada and
Mexico. It has benefit of making an economic sense in context to logistics. It is gaining the
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momentum in the internationalisation that aids firm in seeking markets and also minimize
dependency on economy of United Kingdom. As Marks & Spencer has rich experience on
international expansion in part and it can learn firm its past mistakes and also develop better
future. In this manner, international business of firm provides the considerable opportunities for
the long term, development and grow business in all over the world.
The current situation of Marks & Spencer is that it had attained impressive market share
and growth rate in several business segments. Throughout 1994, company has 18% of retail
market of UK, 33% of women’s undergarment market, and 20% of men’s suit market. Firm has
40% of clothing market only the retailer in Europe to have the double- digit market share. The
food market share of Marks & Spencer has been almost 4.3%. Impressive market share have
been gained the reputation of company as leading retailer in United Kingdom.
The core values of Marks & Spencer are quality, service and affordability which came
under greatest attack not from the critics but from the rivals. Retailers like Miss Selfridge, Gap,
Jigsaw etc. Other than these there are some other retailers for an instance Next, BhS and
Debenhams provide the better values. On the other hand, an internationalisation of Marks &
Spencer resembles theoretical explanations of the service firm internationalisation. The retailers
will use the minimum risky modes of entry like franchising and exporting in markers where the
political and market risk is high. The retailers will share ownership where the sole ownership is
prohibited. The company use different kinds of the entry modes in al around world. It believes in
opening its own stores and also expanding by acquisitions in main economies. The Marks &
Spencer expands business by franchise agreements in to the countries where local expertise
partner is viewed as the beneficial. On the other hand, forming international alliance, Marks &
Spencer preferred experienced retailer with the better market share. In year 1990, Marks &
Spencer company went in to first joint venture with Cortefiel, it is one of the leading retailers of
Spain. Its joint venture was initially used in Spain because it was felt that market knowledge as
well as power of existing retailer will aid to mitigate the cultural distance and most of the times
is adverse political climate. In Australia, this firm select partner who is experienced local retailer
of clothing, In China, it is looking for most likely and valuable candidate as industrial structure
of economy that develops.
International marketing challenges of Marks & Spencer fall in to the three wider
categories such as Corporate Culture, Over- reliance on British Market and Internal orientation
15

of top management. Marks & Spencer relied more on British market for consumers and
suppliers. This over- reliance on domestic market exposed firm unsystematic risk. In addition to
this, British market constitutes 85% sales and 94% profit level. Minimization in profit of 23% in
289 stores in British more led to depressed stock costs. Almost 65% of all goods sold in stores
were produced in United Kingdom. Dependence on the suppliers of British has limited scope of
products and services of Marks & Spencer, deteriorated competitive position which retailer
import cheap garments from foreign and also made its export good expensive in context to world
markets.
The Marks & Spencer currently facing the high competition than ever as internet has
made it easy for consumers to compare the costs and also shop around. On the basis of
GlobalData, around 25% of fashion and footwear related goods in United Kingdom are now buy
online. Opportunities provides through internet have resulted in the brands for an instance ASOS
developing their dominance in retail market that leading to demise of the traditional shopping. It
has result in high street retailers which experiencing the lower footfall and reduce in in- store
sales. It can impact on the profit margins which stores can attain and Marks & Spencer should
make the complex decisions regarding future viability of specific outlets. Recent decisions
through Marks & Spencer to close the 100 stores in United Kingdom minimize total number of
the stores through 30%. From investigation, it has been reported that significant closure will not
be enough and Marks & Spencer should downsize to assure the long term survival. Acquirement
to minimize the high street presence is not issue but several stores of Marks & Spencer have not
been refurbishes for number of years which left them looking old and less attractive.
An organisational culture is powerful because it automatically shapes way of members
see world. The corporate culture of Marks & Spencer has been top- down. Decision making was
centralised and firm rules from top by control and command. Products, costs, designs and
colours has approved by top management. It is one of the most successful company and was
victim of its own success. The corporate culture of this company is rigid, inflexible and also
resistance to change because it was felt that firm was successful and there was not any kind of
requirement to modifications. In addition to this, old culture was unable to cope up with any
changing needs of market place. As result, staff members became less resistant to change and
also started to embrace the new methods of doing things in an effective manner. Staff members
were willing to be work for the long hours if it meant the better pat and they were minimum
16

resistant to fact that might to lose their jobs if firm performed in poor manner. The culture of
Marks & Spencer is customer driven culture. It helps in make real effort for make improvement
in customer service, higher right employees, training and market investigation. This firm is
trying to update its technology e- commerce, it has positive culture where the workers as well as
employees communicate in positive manner. They consider the change as opportunity not treat.
This firm is always looking towards the new as well as innovative ideas.
From the view point of customers, Marks & Spencer company was considered high
quality, reliability and affordability that reached its apogee in 50’s and 60’s when consumers
used struggle to acquire the reproductions of Marks & Spencer catwalk fashion. Under this,
enhancing choice was available on high street and large number of rivals emerged in core
markets. This company provides the high quality of its products or services to customers at
reasonable cost.
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CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
From the above report, it has been concluded that globalisation is itself a very wider
concept and it is assisting most of the companies in expanding its business in an effective
manner. With the help of this present research, researcher will be able to determine the
importance of globalisation at both international and national level. For instance: company
requires appropriate finance, advanced tools and technologies for operating its business. Other
than this, globalisation has provided companies with an opportunity of providing better services
and facilities to its valuable customers living in different parts of the world. Along with this, it
helps firms in expanding its business in an effective manner without any complications.
Globalisation also aid company with providing services of superior quality which gradually takes
business towards success.
Recommendations
With the mentioned research it has been recommended that company must incorporate
effective communication tools with the help of which they can provide better services and
facilities. Along with this, they should implement latest technologies for improving its way of
performing its activities in an effective way. Other than this, unlike other firms, Marks and
Spencer must establish its business in different parts of the country so that they can increase their
revenues and profitability. Apart from this, company should have proper investigation of both
national and international market so that they can operate its business in an effective manner.
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CHAPTER 7: REFLECTION AND ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGIES
Reflection
Globalisation, is determined to be an important aspects for running business in a
successful manner. Research is being conducted by a researcher so as to have in-depth
knowledge regarding a specific topic. Taking in terms of this research, it has increased by
knowledge base as it helped me in improving my understanding of globalisation and how it is
effective in providing better services and facilities. In this, investigation, I have also used
qualitative research method as it has helped me gathering theoretical information on chosen
topic. Therefore, for doing this research and collecting data and information I have used both
primary and secondary method. Both the methods helped me out in gathering appropriate
information through which valid conclusion was being drawn. In primary method of data
collection, I chosen questionnaire to find out opinion of respondent on presented questions along
with their options. While doing this research, I faced issues and problem as well which act as a
barrier in doing my research. Primarily it was related to cost and time. Therefore, I have learned
that before starting my research it is necessary that I do proper time management as a result, it
will help me out in conducting the research in an effective manner.
Alternative methodologies
There are numerous methods that can be used by a researcher for conducting it in an
effective manner. Mainly while doing this research questionnaire was being used along with this
both primary and secondary method was chosen. But as an alternative method interview
methodology can be taken as it will help in getting data and information in a detailed manner. As
a result, factual information can be gathered in an a better way.
19

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aas, K. F., 2013. Globalization and crime. SAGE Publications Limited.
Agrawal, S., 2017. PERSONALITY TRAITS AND ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT OF
GEN X AND GEN Y EMPLOYEES. Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour. 6.
Beck, U., 2018. What is globalization?. John Wiley & Sons.
Benería, L., Berik, G. and Floro, M., 2015. Gender, development and globalization: economics
as if all people mattered. Routledge.
Benigno, P. and Faia, E., 2016. Globalization, pass-through and inflation dynamics.
International Journal of Central Banking. 12(4) pp.263-306.
Blaser, M., McRae, G. and Feit, H. eds., 2013. In the Way of Development: Indigenous Peoples,
Life Projects and Globalization. Zed Books Ltd..
Cetorelli, N. and Goldberg, L. S., 2012. Banking globalization and monetary transmission. The
Journal of Finance. 67(5). pp.1811-1843.
Clark, T. and et. al., 2015. Conceptual model of the globalization for domain-specific languages.
In Globalizing Domain-Specific Languages(pp. 7-20). Springer, Cham.
Eriksen, T. H., 2014. Globalization: The key concepts. A&C Black.
Goswami, H. and Narwal, S., 2014. E-Commerce: Challenges And Opportunities For
Developing Countries. ZENITH International Journal of Business Economics &
Management Research. 4(1). pp.90-99.
Gwynne, R. N. and Cristobal, K. A. Y., 2014. Latin America transformed: globalization and
modernity. Routledge.
Hirst, P., Thompson, G. and Bromley, S., 2015. Globalization in question. John Wiley & Sons.
Kahler, M., 2012. Economic security in an era of globalization: definition and provision. In
Globalisation and economic security in East Asia (pp. 40-56). Routledge.
Kamens, D. H., 2013. Globalization and the emergence of an audit culture: PISA and the search
for ‘best practices’ and magic bullets. PISA, power and policy: The emergence of global
educational governance, pp.117-140.
Karadagli, E. C., 2012. The effects of globalization on firm performance in emerging markets:
Evidence from emerging-7 countries. Asian Economic and Financial Review.2(7).
p.858.
Kaur, K. and et. al., 2014. IMPACT OF E-LEARNING IN LIBRARY: AN OVERVIEW.
Sansmaran Research Journal. 4(1). pp.26-27.
Lechner, F. J. and Boli, J. eds., 2014. The globalization reader. John Wiley & Sons.
Nagaike, K., 2015. Queer Readings of BL. International Perspectives on Shojo and Shojo
Manga: The Influence of Girl Culture, pp.64-73.
Pargas, D. A., 2015. Slavery and forced migration in the Antebellum south. Cambridge
University Press.
Rai, S. M., 2013. Gender and the political economy of development: From nationalism to
globalization. John Wiley & Sons.
Spring, J., 2014. Globalization of education: An introduction. Routledge.
Stark, B., 2017. Women and globalization: The failure and postmodern possibilities of
international law. In International Crimes (pp. 43-112). Routledge.
Tewari, R. and Pathak, T., 2013. Framing India: Pre-post globalization.
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Wei, Y. D., 2013. Regional development in China: states, globalization and inequality.
Routledge.
Yankuzo, K. I., 2014. Impact of globalization on the traditional African cultures. International
Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences. 4(1). p.8.
Online
Kenton, W., 2018. Globalization. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/globalization.asp>.
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Research Approval & Ethics Form
*Students must ensure that this form is attached with their final submission. Failure to do this
will result in your project been refused for grading.
Section 1: Basic Details
Project title: .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................“How globalisation can drive business
success”.........................................................................................................................................................................................
Programme: ...................................................................................
School: ...................................................................................
Intended research start date: ............................................. Intended research end date: .............................................
Section 1: Proposal
You must complete all parts of Section 1 & 2 and present to your lecturer for a brief discussion
and approval of your topic before embarking on writing a full proposal.
One: Objectives
Research project objectives (e.g. what is the question you want to answer? What do you
want to learn how to do? What do you want to find out?):
Research objectives
 To understand the concept of globalisation.
 To identify the drivers that influence company towards globalisation.
 To study various benefits of globalisation that can lead Marks and Spencer to success.
 To identify different kinds of challenges that can be faced by Marks and Spencer while
22

operating their business in globalised world.
Two: Reasons for choosing this research project
Reasons for choosing the project (e.g. links to other subjects you are studying,
personal interest, future plans, why the topic is important):
Globalisation is currently a topic, which is known by every person and in relation with
companies it is providing numerous benefits to companies. Main reason of choosing
this research project is
 To identify how effectively globalisation is putting an impact on business
operations of Marks and Spencer.
 Along with this, having in-depth knowledge regarding globalisation was my
personal choice as well.
Three: Research approach and methodologies
What type of research approach and methodologies are you
likely to use and why?
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as part of
your project:
 Interviews:
 Questionnaires: (✓)
 Observations:
 Use of Personal Records:
 Data Analysis: (✓)
 Action Research:
 Focus Groups:
 Other (please
specify): .........................................................................................
...........................................................................
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I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for another
qualification.
Student signature: ....................................................................................................................................................................... date) ......................................................
Section 3: Approval (To be completed by the lecturer)
Checklist Yes No
1. Is the proposed research title related to the theme? ✓
2. Is the research scope realistic? (i.e. not too broad) ✓
3. Is the research feasible? (i.e. could be done) ✓
4. Is there a research question or hypothesis? ✓
5. Is there a rationale or clear reason for choosing the research
title?
✓
6. Has the student considered how the data will be collected? ✓
7. Has the student considered where the data will be collected? ✓
8. Will the ?
Comment (If any)
Agreement from project proposal checker (if applicable)
I confirm the learner has met and discuss their topic with me and is appropriate to the theme
provided.
Name & signature:
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