Identifying Impact of Globalisation on FDI: Marks and Spencer Research

This research project investigates the impact of globalisation on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), using Marks and Spencer (M&S) as a case study. The project begins with an introduction outlining the importance of international business and FDI for business growth. The main body includes a detailed research proposal, covering the background of the study, aims, objectives, research questions, and the rationale for choosing the topic. It explores the relationship between globalisation and FDI, supported by a comprehensive literature review. The research methodology section details the research type (qualitative), approach (deductive), design (descriptive), and philosophies (interpretivism and positivism). Data collection methods, including the use of questionnaires, are discussed, along with data analysis techniques. The project also includes reflections on the research process, alternative research methods, and a conclusion summarizing the findings and recommendations. The appendices contain supporting documents such as a Gantt chart, questionnaire, information sheet, and consent forms. The research aims to assess the impact of globalisation on M&S's FDI operations and provide recommendations for leveraging globalisation and FDI for organizational growth and improved business outcomes.

RESEARCH PROJECT
UNIT 11

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
P1. Research proposal..................................................................................................................1
P2. Conducting primary and secondary research using appropriate methods.............................4
P3. Research Methods.................................................................................................................6
P4. Data collection and analysis..................................................................................................8
P5. Data assessment...................................................................................................................10
P6. Reflection upon own performance during the research.......................................................17
P7. Alternative research methods..............................................................................................18
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20
Appendix........................................................................................................................................22
Gantt Chart.................................................................................................................................22
Questionnaire.............................................................................................................................22
Information sheet.......................................................................................................................24
Consent forms............................................................................................................................28
Proposal form.............................................................................................................................28
Reviews from respondents as data collected:............................................................................32

TITLE
“To identify the impact of globalisation on the expansion of Foreign Direct investment (FDI)” A
study on Marks and Spencer.
INTRODUCTION
Business operations and other activities that are run on international level help in
enhancing the performance of the firm and action plans that improves the overall performance of
an entity. This will help in improving the quality of operations and products offered by a
business enterprise. It helps in increasing the effectiveness of business operations and thus, will
support meeting quality standards of functions performed by a firm. For present research
process, Marks and Spencer, also known as M&S is been selected for the evaluation purpose. It
is a retail organisation operating in the UK. It assists organisation to enhance scope of business
activities and improving the quality of retail measures for gaining FDI.
The present report will cover a proper inclusion of a proposal and critical review of
literature that supports in evaluating overall operations and hence, will lead the scholar to have a
proper evaluation of data assessment measures and carrying research to obtain the decided
objectives. Apart from this, it provides the proper recommendations for gaining the FDI for the
firm and thus will lead the organisation to have an effective growth and development.
MAIN BODY
P1. Research proposal
Background of study
Operating on the global level is the major concern of an organisation which will improve
the quality of business operations and hence, will lead a business entity to execute measures
leading the firm to have a good achievement or collection of foreign direct investment to carry
out the retail business operations and improve the quality of their products and services to a
greater level (Intriligator, 2017).
Aim:
“To identify the impact of globalisation on the expansion of Foreign Direct investment
(FDI) - A study on Marks and Spencer”
Objectives:
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 To assess the awareness regarding Foreign Direct Investment among staff members.
 To analyse the relation between globalisation and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
 To evaluate the impact of operations related to globalisation on gaining operations of FDI
for M&S
 To provide recommendation to take advantages of globalisation and FDI within
organisation.
Research questions:
1. How the awareness regarding Foreign Direct Investment among staff members can be
assess?
2. What is the relation between globalisation and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?
3. What impact of operations related to globalisation on gaining operations of FDI for
M&S?
4. What are the recommendations to take advantages of globalisation and FDI within
organisation?
Reason of choosing topic:
The major reason being choosing this topic for research is that it helps the firm to
improve quality and effective knowledge and thus, increases effectiveness of business operations
that guides the organisation to take appropriate measures to have an access to FDI by a retail
entity. Hence, it leads organisation to undertake suitable measures or actions helping growth of
organisation in emerging or new marketplace (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley, 2015).
Literature Review:
Effective evaluation of different articles and operations of an organisation to carry out the
evaluation process it assists in accessing the effectiveness of actions, taken by selected retail
entity. It provides the scope of growth to the firm to execute business operations which are been
taken in considerations by selected retail entity (Herger, 2016). It will help the firm to carry out
proper business activities improving their effectiveness and supporting the enterprise to get good
accessibility of FDI to execute merchandising operations.
Globalisation
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According to findings of Baylis, Smith and Owens (2017), this can be said that the
globalisation measures are very important and thus, it leads the organisation to have a good
growth. Besides this, it supports the organisation to enhance the quality of business activities and
thus, assist the organisation to carry out the best measures to opt for the gaining of FDI by
selected retail enterprise. However, this can be critically said on the basis of operations carried
out by Shenkar, Luo and Chi (2014), that Globalisation is a resource oriented operation. Thus,
the firm is required to improve their financial stability. Proper planning and target market
assessment is required to carry out that will improve the quality of business operations and
activities and thus will lead the firm to enhance performance of the firm and hence improves the
chances of an organisation to get effective FDI for its business functions.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on FDI
Hence, looking at these measures, it can be said that the evaluation and planning of retail
operations will help in adopting of globalisation based activities to have foreign direct
investments. Such measures also play an important part in placing the operations related to
gaining of foreign direct Investment and operating in an emerging market. As per assessment
carried by Bayne (2017), the adoption of FDI measures will lead the organisation to have a better
management and stocking of the resources (raw material and financial). It also supports to
evaluate the operational conditions prevailing in a target emerging market and having the
effective gaining of Foreign Direct Investment. However, the impact of globalisation would
create the negative influences in economy as well as to the growth and profitability of various
industries. The impact of multinational organisation as well as the operational aspects of business
in the wider segmentation would affect the financial stability in business.
Other than this, findings of Salacuse (2017), reveal that Foreign Direct investment and
operational measures taken on the global level are deeply interconnected and thus it will lead the
firm to gain suitable benefits and improving performance level to a greater level. Major
advantage of FDI is that it provides a financial or economic stability to a firm. Due to lack of
certainties in an unknown market, the selected business organisation has to undertake to flourish
and grow. Hence, the organisation is required to see through proper adoption and planning of
FDI gaining measures, to improve performance of the firm. Effective market research and
assessment can be carried out within organisation helping the firm to gain proper assessment of
FDI measures undertaken by firm. Emerging to a greater level will help the selected retail firm to
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operate successfully in a foreign emerging market with an efficiency. Having accessibility to FDI
will prove out to be a breakthrough for the retail enterprise and leading selected retail enterprise
to improve the quality of operations and thus, assist selected organisation to undertake effective
measures to gain proper FDI.
The relation between globalisation and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
According to the Jones and Wren, (2016) Foreign direct investment is the flop of capital
between countries. The inflow of foreign direct investment is one of the key indicators of
competitiveness of the national economy and regions. FDI has grown markedly in the world
economy since 1970. The impact of FDI is positive on the growth and development of the
economy as it has raises the production capacity, technological development, ease
communication, speed-up the transportation that helped capital, information and technology,
labour in order to get intense nations between nations goods and services. As per the Bitzenis,
(2016) there is direct relationship between FDI and globalisation as globalisation liberalise the
trade borders that ultimately raise the business opportunities whereas FDI has increased the
demand for the currency of the receiving country and also increase the rate of exchange.
As per the Petras and Veltmeyer, (2016) FDI is very important for the economy as it has
become more crucial than trade. The role played by FDI has broadly recognised as growth
enhancing factor for emerging nation. It is said to be the most popular sort of investment in the
world and it also influences the economic growth. In order to transfer the technology foreign
direct investment in very important as it enhanced the productivity of the country. Globalisation
has makes easy transfer of goods and services, organisations, technologies that ultimately raise
the establishment of new companies which result in better FDI. As per the views of Li, Murshed
and Tanna, (2017) FDI has also increases the job in the country as when company establish its
company they used to hire the employees from that country that ultimately raises the
employment opportunities.
Time line
Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week
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Week
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Week
5
Week
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Week
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Week
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Week
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Week
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Research
proposal
Aims and
objectives
Literature
review
Research
methodologies
Data collection
Data analysis
Data
interpretation
Finding and
conclusion
Recommendati
ons
Execute the
plan
Submission
P2. Conducting primary and secondary research using appropriate methods
A wide range of various research methods are taken in consideration it assists the
organisation to have a better quality of operations and data evaluation measures which is been
undertaken by the firm (Bayne, 2017). It supports the organisation to have a good planning of
measures to obtain FDI for execution of business operations and activities. The scholar can opt
for effective planning of research methods to obtain the set objectives (Leitao, 2012). It increases
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the efficiency of a business enterprise to meet the customer's needs and demands. Present
research involves the following research methods and will assess the primary data research.
Research methods Selected techniques
Research Type Qualitative research type
Research Approach Deductive research approach
Research design Descriptive research design
Research Philosophy Interpretivism research philosophy
Data collection Primary data collection using close ended
questionnaire
Sampling Random data sampling with 20 employees of
M&S as respondents
Data analysis Thematic data analysis
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P3. Research Methods
Research Type
This is very important part of research methodology as it is systematic as well as
scientific procedure of collection of data, compilation, analysis, interpretation as well as
implication pertaining to any business problems. Research is classified into some categories
which depends on nature as well as purpose of study. Mainly there are two types of research
study which are quantitative and qualitative. The type of research which describes, infers as well
as resolve issued with taking use of numbers are called as Quantitative research whereas the type
of research which is based on feeling, words and emotions and elements which are non-
numerical are said to be Qualitative research (Von Möllendorff, Kurgat and Speck, 2017). In this
present research, researcher has used Qualitative research type where researcher has presented
the data in tables and graphs.
Research Approach
This is also a very important part of the research methodology as entire research study is
based on the selection of research approaches. It is a plan and procedure which consist of steps of
wide assumptions to elaborated method of collection of data, analysis and interpretation. There
are three types of research approach which are deductive, inductive and abductive research
approach. In this present research, researcher has used deductive research approach as it a testing
theories and it starts with hypothesis. Researcher evaluates the hypothesis related to any existing
theory for collecting data (Waller, 2018). Thus, with the use of deductive research approach,
scholar has effectively and efficiently identified impact of globalisation on the expansion of
Foreign Direct investment (FDI) on Marks and Spencer.
Research Design
It is the systematic plan and procedure to answer all question of research. It is fact that
research design as well as research methods are different but are closely related. It is because
effective design of research ensured that the data obtain will helpful in finding the answer of
research questions. There are mainly four types of research design which are descriptive,
correlational, Quasi-Experimental and Experimental research design. In this present research,
researcher has used descriptive research design as it helps to describe the current status of
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phenomenon or variable. Scholar does not begin with hypothesis but typically evolve the one
after data gathered (Chilisa, Major and Khudu-Petersen, 2017). With the help of descriptive
research design, scholar has effectively and efficiently identify the impact of globalisation on the
expansion of Foreign Direct investment (FDI) on Marks and Spencer.
Research Philosophies
It is a belief about the manner about the way in which information about the phenomenon
should be collected, analysed as well as used. It deals with the source, nature along with the
development of knowledge. There are mainly four types of research philosophies which are
pragmatism, positivism, realism and interpretivism. In this present research, researcher has used
interpretivism and positivism research philosophies as it one of the qualitative methodologies
(Gould and Taylor, 2017). With the help of interpretivism research philosophies, researcher has
effectively and efficiently identified the impact of globalisation on the expansion of Foreign
Direct investment (FDI) on Marks and Spencer. Therefore, selection of such methodologies
would be effective in making a reliable ascertainment over the data collection techniques which
are required to be undertaken by the business.
Data Collection
Data collection is an important part of the research as it is the process of collecting as
well as measuring information on targeted variables in a well-defined system. It is a crucial
section of research study as the whole research is based on the data collected. Data which is
collected are gathered from relevant sources in order to find the answers to the research
problems, test the hypothesis as well as measure the outcomes. There are two types of data
collection which are primary and secondary. Information which are collected by researcher one-
self and own efforts are said to be primary method such as survey, observation, questionnaire etc.
whereas data which are collected from other sources such as books, journals, internet articles are
called as secondary method (Hemerijck, 2017). In this present research, scholar has collected
data from primary and secondary both sources by preparing questionnaire and ask questions
from the employees of Marks and Spencer to identify the impact of Globalisation on the
expansion of Foreign Direct investment (FDI) on Marks and Spencer.
Sampling
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Sampling is a crucial part of research methodology. It is the process of selecting part of
population. It is not possible for researcher to study the whole population as it is a very big
sample. Thus, in order to make the study easy and convenient, sampling is the best process
which are used by researcher. There are two main types of sampling which are probabilistic and
non-probabilistic sampling. In this present research, scholar has used simple random sampling
where each respondents in the sample has known chances of being selected in the sampling. In
the sample each respondents have known probability of being selected when population is highly
homogeneous (Smith and Zajda, 2018). In this present report, researcher has used to collect data
from 20 employees of Marks and Spencer by using simple random sampling in which all
respondents were having equal probability to get selected in the sample.
Data Analysis
Data Analysis is the key part of research methodology. It is the process of inspecting
cleaning, transferring and modelling of data with the intention of obtaining the useful and
meaningful information (DeCuir-Gunby, Chapman and Schutz, 2018). It is an important part of
research study because if data is not analysed in a systematic manner than the data which are
collected are senseless and meaningless. In this present research, researcher has used thematic
analysis of data.
Ethical Considerations:
Ethics are the most important part of the research methodology. It includes all the rules
and regulations which scholar needs to be follow to maintain the validity and reliability of the
research. Ethics clearly makes it clear what is right and what researcher needs to do and what is
wrong and what research do not do. While conducting this present research researcher has
fulfilled the following ethics which are as follows-
 The consent of participants are informed and it participation is informed.
 All the participants are adults.
 All the information are taken from valid and authentic sources.
 All the sensitive topics are ignored by the researcher such as race, caste, religion etc.
Research Limitation:
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Limitations are those which are not in hand of researcher to control as it is the short
comings. There are mainly two types of shortcomings which are-
Access Negotiation: In collecting the information, researcher have to take permission or access
that take time and money as well. In conducting this research, researcher have to take permission
to collect the information.
Cost: Researcher when start the research, first plan the budget and allocate the cost to each and
every activities but sometimes it might be happen that some expenses raises that ultimately affect
the outcome of the research.
P4. Data collection and analysis
Questionnaire
Are the staff members and management are well aware of globalisation and FDI measures
undertaken within the firm?
 Yes
 No
 May Be
Are the FDI operations which are been carried out by a retail enterprise will improve the overall
operations of retail enterprise?
 Yes
 No
 May be
Are the Globalisation impact that are been taken in consideration by the firm are well planned?
 Yes
 No
 May be
Do you know about the positive and negative impact laid by globalisation operations on FDI
gaining measures?
 Yes
 No
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