Globalisation: Examining Government & Business Relationships

This essay examines the multifaceted relationship between globalisation and government-business relations, focusing on the resurgence of neo-liberalism and its impact on privatization, deregulation, and free trade. It analyses the role of governments in the era of globalisation, particularly in shaping economic conditions and policies that affect international business operations. The essay further explores specific country examples, including Australia, the United States, Japan, and China, to illustrate diverse approaches to government-business interactions. It also addresses the significance of the mining industry in Australia, the role of Aboriginal land councils, and the challenges of balancing business interests with corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability. The essay concludes by highlighting the complexities of navigating the trade-offs between business profitability and environmental protection in the global economy. Desklib offers a wealth of similar essays and study resources for students.

Running head: GLOBALISATION
GLOBALISATION
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Answer to Question 1
Neo-liberalism is mainly based on the resurgence of the different ideas of the 19th
century based on economic liberalism which had taken place in the 20th century. The different
factors which can be considered to be an important part of neo-liberalism include, austerity,
deregulation, privatization, reduction in the spending made by the government and free trade.
The role of private sector has increased effectively in the modern business environment. The
government business relations or GBR has started decreasing in modern environment and neo
liberalism has become dominant in nature (Monbiot, 2018). The high levels of privatisation
in the environment has further affected the relationship which has been developed among the
business and government of different countries. The effect which governments previously
had on the company policies have also decreased in a huge manner due to privatisation in
different industrial sectors. This has further led to the dominating nature of neo liberalism on
the government business relations.
Answer to Question 2
Globalisation can be defined as the process that is based on the levels of integration
and interaction between companies, people and the governments in different parts of the
world. The globalisation based activities have started growing in a huge manner with the help
of effective advancements in the technology of communication and transportation. The
interaction between organizations of different countries are affected by the policies that are
developed by the governments. The economic condition of the country is affected by the
government policies and the political stability of the area. The economic stability is able to
affect the ways by which the country is able to provide effective opportunities to the global
organizations (Ft.com., 2018). It can thereby be said that the governments are able to play a
major role even in the modern era of globalisation in different countries. The policies which

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have been developed by the governments are able to play a major role in the effective
operations of global companies.
Answer to Question 3
The relationships that have been developed between the government and business
organizations are able to affect the modern democracy of Australia. The government of the
country is however not able to ignore different needs of the business organizations. Different
needs of global business organizations are affected by the policies which are developed by
the Australian government. The changes which have taken place in the external environment
have been able to affect levels of relationships between business and government of the
country. The government of Australia is able to provide an effective set of rules for the
business organizations that operate in different industries in the country (Trove.nla.gov.au.,
2018). Different sectors of the country are affected in a huge manner by the policies that are
developed by the Australian government. The paradigm based on coopetition which is
considered to be an effective collaboration between cooperation and competition is an
important factor of the GBR model in Australia.
Answer to Question 4
The relationships which are developed between the government and the business
within the country are able to affect the revenues and operations of different organizations.
The central features of relationships which are developed among the government and the
business need to be analysed. The economic policies which are prevalent in the United States
are able to affect relationships which have been developed among business organizations and
government of the country (Ferguson, 2018). Different characteristics which are considered
to be an important part of the government and business relations in the United States which
include,

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The pattern of private ownership of the capital with small public
organizations.
Tendency to achieve the public purposes with the help of regulation.
Preferences for the resistance and markets based on central planning based
process.
Aggressive levels of antitrust policies.
Wide distribution of power between the different levels of government.
Stable system two parties where the power is divided effectively (Ferguson,
2018).
Answer to Question 5
The economic stability and development of Japan had started from the year 1970. The
economic miracle was thereby experienced by Japan with the help of stable and strong
intervention of government in different business activities. The microeconomic and
macroeconomic factors are able to play a major role in the relationships developed between
government and organizations. A major role is played by the government in proper
development of different industrial policies. The government policies that have been
developed in the country are methodical in nature. The “Iron Triangle” is developed with the
help of coalition between the bureaucrats, politicians and the businessmen (Zhu, 2018).
Answer to Question 6
The Chinese economy is affected by the policies which have been developed by the
government. The growth rate of the country has slowed down in the recent years and the
government has started taking major steps based on development of the profits in an effective
manner. The major step which has been taken by the government has been named as

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“Supply-side Structural Reform” which is helpful in conquering the economic challenges
(Minister.industry.gov.au., 2018).
The mining based industry has been able to play a major role in the Australian
economy. The number of resource based projects which have been initiated in the country
have amounted to 400 Billion Dollars. The mining industry is thereby able to contribute
around 8% to the GDP of Australia. Australia has acquired topmost position related to the
export of iron ore and second largest position in export of coal. Australia is also considered to
be huge exporter of copper, aluminium, uranium, zinc and gold (Minister.industry.gov.au.,
2018). The creation of effective number of jobs is the most important factor which has been
able to provide the levels of importance to mining industry in Australia. The royalties and
taxes which are received from the mining industry are also considered to be important
sources of income for the government.
Answer to Question 7
The Aboriginal land councils are mainly able to represent different Aboriginal affairs
at the state or the territory level. These councils mainly aim at protecting different aspirations
and interests of the Aboriginal communities within the country. The Aboriginal Land Rights
Act 1976 was established based on the ways by which Aboriginal people are able to claim
their rights in an effective way. Under this Act, the different land councils can represent
Aboriginal people with the “statutory authority” which is related to the ways by which
legislations can be enforced. The Land councils also have different types of responsibilities
based on the Native Title Act which had been implemented in the 1993 and Pastoral Act that
was developed in 1992 (Jens Korff, 2018). The Aboriginal Land Councils on the other hand
are not funded by the taxpayers of the country. The Aboriginal Land Council has thereby
been self-supporting in nature from the year 1998.

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Answer to Question 8
The regulations which are developed by the governments of different countries are
able to affect the operations of global organizations. The political and economic stability of
the country is thereby based on the ways by which government is able to develop effective
policies. The political stability of the countries and their economic conditions are developed
with the help of government policies and regulations. The regulations are able to affect global
organizations positively if political stability has been established (Picciotto, 2017). The
economic condition can provide effective opportunities to global organizations which can be
said to be a positive effect of regulations. On the other hand, the negative effects of
regulations are based on unstable political environment and economic condition of the
country as well.
Answer to Question 9
The levels of awareness of corporate social responsibility have increased in the
current business environment. The CSR based activities thereby need to be managed by the
organizations in such a manner which can affect their environmental and social performance.
The coordination between different functions of the organizations are based on the effective
environmental impact, the procurement of legal issues, community based affairs and
government relations. The integration of CSR within the strategies and functions of business
based operations that are performed by local and international organizations play a key role in
the successful development and further execution of successful capital projects (Crane &
Matten, 2016). The indigenous communities are also affected by the operations of modern
organizations. The companies thereby need to implement policies in such a manner which
can help in development of these communities.
Answer to Question 10

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The trade-off between sustainability of business and interests of the business is
considered to be quite ineffective and manipulative in nature. The global organizations which
operate in different countries of the world are thereby not able maintain effective balance
between the interests of the operations of the business and environmental sustainability. The
business operations that are based on trade-off between business interests and environmental
sustainability have shown quite less amounts of evidence. The business organizations are
thereby not able to balance the levels of profitability and the sustainability of the environment
effectively (Louche & Idowu, 2017). The effective trade-off between the business interests
and protection of the environment has been under discussion for a long time. However, the
organizations have been able to show low levels of evidence based on the ways by which
they are able to operate in the global economy.

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References
Crane, A., & Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and
sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
Ferguson, M. A. (2018). Building theory in public relations: Interorganizational relationships
as a public relations paradigm. Journal of Public Relations Research, 1-15.
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https://www.ft.com/content/12c74980-d1bf-11e2-9336-00144feab7de
Jens Korff, C. (2018). Aboriginal land councils. Retrieved from
https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/selfdetermination/aboriginal-land-
councils
Louche, C., & Idowu, S. (2017). Innovative CSR: From risk management to value creation.
Routledge.
Minister.industry.gov.au. (2018). Mining and the Australian economy: the Australian
Government's priorities for the mining sector | Ministers for the Department of
Industry, Innovation and Science. Retrieved from
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australian-economy-australian-governments-priorities-mining
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problem-george-monbiot
Picciotto, S. (2017). Rights, responsibilities and regulation of international business.
In Globalization and International Investment (pp. 177-198). Routledge.

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Trove.nla.gov.au. (2018). Government and business relations in Australia / edited by Randal
G. Stewart. - Version details. Retrieved from
https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/10570208?q&versionId=45482990
Zhu, T. (2018). International Context and China’s Business–Government Relations.
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