Globalization's Impact on the Poor in Bangladesh: An Essay for AI4201

Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments. This essay analyzes globalization's impact on poverty in Bangladesh.

INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (AI4201)
Coursework for 2018/19
Define Globalisation and critically assess its impact on the poor in a
country of your choice
Student Name:
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Introduction
Globalisation involves all those procedures by which the people living in the world become part
of a sole world society which is known as the global Society. Under globalisation the entire world
behaves as if it is a part of one market, having interdependent production, consumption of similar
products and reacting to same impulses (Ritzer and Dean, 2015). So, globalisation can be defined
as the process of integration of markets in the worldwide economy, which leads to enhanced
interconnection among national economies.
Globalisation is known to be a buzzword in the new era of global relationships (Blanton and
Peksen, 2017). It is a procedure of expansion of trade and commerce in the entire world by
creation of a market which has no boundaries however now globalisation has much more impact
on various aspects of life. By the development of hi-tech communication media and quick
transport, the entire world has become one nation and the distance between people has narrowed.
Nowadays it is possible that one can find out what is happening in the farthest corner of the world
and that can also be done instantly. It is not only the procedure of integration and interaction
among people rather it also involves organisations and governments of different nations. It is a
procedure which is driven by global trade and investment however it is supported through
information technology. This procedure has impact on the culture, environment, political systems,
prosperity, economic growth and aspects of societies all over the globe.
Globalisation and Bangladesh
The word globalisation has come up in the 21st century and it has a few positive effects and a few
negative ones on different nations (Greene, 2011). Just like any other part of the world,
Bangladesh also has got an impact on the communication. The people in Bangladesh can know
instantly about any other part of the world because of high tech communication Media. They can
share their happiness and sorrows with people in different parts of the world. The globalisation is
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based on the well-built technology therefore internet has brought up with unities of instantly
getting connected to different parts of the world and there is a 24-hour trading network. This way
the technology has brought tremendous changes into the way of performing financial and banking
activities. The people of Bangladesh can transact and transfer money by use of technology.
However the effect of globalisation on Bangladesh economy cannot be neglected. Similar to other
developing nations, Bangladesh is also getting benefited because of borderless markets (Hassan,
2013). There has been an increase in the GDP of the country and the garments industry has the
potential of earning maximum foreign exchange. With respect to jobs, exports and Investments
the operational EPZs (export processing zones) have been highly effective.
Similar to the different developing Nations, Bangladesh also has recognised education to be the
way of earning growth and prosperity. Because of globalisation, different worldwide organisations
have being able to provide generous aid towards education segment of Bangladesh. Donor nations
are making contributions to the growth of Bangladesh literacy rate and its entire education and the
education system is getting support and assistance from other parts of the world (Saygili, 2013).
There are various non-formal schools also and the meritorious students are getting support in the
form of scholarships to study abroad.
Even though globalisation is highly linked to business, international relationships and trading, still
it is not anymore considered from that perspective only. Globalisation has been affecting other
areas also (Shilpi, 2011). The culture of Bangladesh is also getting impacted because of
globalisation when the satellite TV channels and internet have brought various types of customs,
attitudes and behaviours to the land of Bangladesh. Because of globalisation, worldwide culture is
constantly getting integrated with the regional cultures. There is a constant interaction among
various cultures. As an independent nation, Bangladesh has its own traditional social principles,
laws, behaviours and beliefs however because of globalisation there are various customs and
beliefs of the remote Nations which are also obtrusive on them.
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There is an impact on the concepts of the family because quick urbanization and
commercialisation have led to breaking of traditional big families into nuclear ones. With the
change in mindset of people female education is also getting support and Bangladesh has
witnessed a change in this number.
One theory which ought to be examined to have a better idea of the critical assessment of
Globalization is Neo-liberalism (Mahboob Ali and Medhekar, 2016). It is a theory that has
inferences for globalization in numerous components mainly in economics and politics. Neo-
liberalism is a set of economic rules that support liberalizing and deregulating the markets,
privatizing and having free trade with no barriers. The neo-globalization is turning to be
indefensible. The pressures being laid on the emotional and social constructs of Communities, and
unfairness among existing generations, the weird and artificial intricacies convoluting the rules of
human relations and connections, are increasingly escalating thus it creates both withdrawn and
articulated dissatisfaction all over the world.
The impact of globalisation on cultural and social relationships is in the amendment of rules of
human in social arrangements for rent in Bangladesh when it was a closed economy one person
was linked with just restricted group of individuals and there was more influence on other groups.
however with globalisation, Bangladesh turned out to be a global society and each individual is in
one way or the other linked with all other individuals (Ullah, 2014). However as per Kofi Annan
(2001) the poor individuals are victimized because of globalisation find their issue is not that their
part of the Global market however usually they are excluded from the Global markets. So it can be
said that globalisation itself does not have any great or bad impact however it is only a powerful
tool to influence others. Therefore the impact of globalisation will be dependent on how it is used
as a tool. the major issue is that lot of individuals are unable to perceive it in a proper manner
(Gopalkrishnan, 2007).
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There are some of the negative impacts of globalisation as well. Young people are mixing
Bangladesh and English into their speech so it leads to who indiscipline in language and books
among young individuals. Because of globalisation, the culture has transformed and people have
stopped reading their own language and prefer reading foreign literature with the English literary
books having captured the market to a great extent. globalisation has turned English to be a
Predator language. As given by James in 1997, English language is termed as a killer one
(Neubert, 2017). It has taken over the entire nation and young individual slide to use English as it
is the way of expressing ok, particularly in terms of blockbuster movies, advertisements, music
and it is a way of becoming successful also. Even though there is no harm of using other language,
still the individual culture and language of the nation is get it impacted.
Bangladesh has been facing severe aquatic ecological pollution because of the directors charging
of best waters from the textile industries into the waterways. The foreign purchases are purchasing
the direct products from Bangladesh whereas because of Industrial Production procedure the
environment is getting harmful affected. There is air, water as well as sound pollution caused
because of this. Bangladesh lacks proper management for dumping the industrial waste in an eco
friendly manner and therefore water pollution is enhancing because of globalisation. In 1969 the
ship breaking activities started and after that it has got a great reputation of its profitability
however it is harmful for the environment to a great extent (Boktiar, 2017). The fruits that are
imported by Bangladesh are preserved by use of various preservatives such as Formalin and these
are also highly harmful for the health of consumers. Since there is massive export of the national
fish i.e. Hilsha therefore most of the people of Bangladesh are not able to have that tasty fish.
Globalization has turned out to be so sweeping and the Corporate tenet so inescapable that it
influences each part of life. It has stopped to be pure theory and has turned into causality in on
itself. The extent of impact is so substantial in its penetration, its dismissal can likewise be
similarly sweeping, starting with society backing, resource contribution; and prospering into
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bigger, increasingly tangible mindfulness as the unavoidable Economic and Social destabilization
grows.
Economic effect
 Improvement in way of life
 Expanded challenge among countries
 Enlarging the income disparity amongst the rich and poor
Social effect
 Expanded familiarity with remote cultures
 Impacts local traditions (Akhter, 2018)
Ecological effect
 Ecological debasement
 Ecological administration
So, for globalization to have the capacity to lessen poverty, it must be supplemented by public
arrangement that goes past measures structured simply to extend the powers of globalization.
Specifically, public strategy must address issues of social security network to manage the poverty
upgrading interruptions that are natural during the globalization and of improving the abilities of
poor people with the goal that they can exploit the open doors opened up by globalization.
However, public arrangement of this benevolent costs resources, which implies that the size and
job of public consumption may need to rise. However, it has been argued that globalization really
decreases government's capacity to embrace vital public expense. This is on the grounds that the
government's capacity to gather taxes should be decreased in different ways – for instance, by the
tax exclusions that are offered so as to bait remote capital and by the tax decreases that are made
for advancing exchange advancement. Assuming genuine, this would truly undermine
globalization's capacity to decrease poverty (Shilpi, 2011).
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Bangladesh provides with rewarding tax exceptions for foreign investment. In any case, the inflow
of overseas capital still remains so little that the general income ramifications of this approach is
yet to develop as a noteworthy concern. An increasingly imperative concern lies in the potential
loss of income from exchange advancement, particularly since Bangladesh has embraced one of
the most profound and quickest moves towards exchange progression contrasted with numerous
other developing nations. The experience of Bangladesh in such manner is very informational.
Conclusion
Taking the benefit of the perspective of globalisation, capitalist nations try to exploit and improve
the workers of developing nations. Under the name of assistance for my help and cooperation, the
industry developed capitalist nations exploit the chief labour that is available in Bangladesh as it is
a poor country. This paves the path for or continuous poverty in order that capitalist can get
constant supply of cheap flavour. The improvised and exploited employees of the developing
nations a not focus on globalising powerful capitalism. Therefore the gap among the healthy and
poor is always increasing. Globalisation has placed the individuals of the world into the same
vessel however everybody is into a different cabin.
Even though it is true that globalisation has created opportunities for Bangladesh to be part of the
mainstream of world economy still there are certain drawbacks as well. Although the globalisation
procedure can knit the whole world together, cross fertilization of culture can happen and it can
also help in transferring of knowledge, yet there are various hazards also. ultimately no Nation,
particularly the poor ones are safe from such hazards caused due to globalisation.
But it is a disturbing reality That the level of public expenditure on the general and social
segments such as health and education is very low in Bangladesh (Ahasan, 2015). In case, such
expenditure is not increased to a great extent then the risk will continue and the capacities of poor
people would not become better for seizing the opportunities which are brought up by
globalisation. As stated above the globalisation does not itself avoid government from increasing
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level of expenses for applying other complementary rules so in the capability of globalisation to
decrease poverty in a continuous way will be highly dependent on the internal policies of the
government for resource mobilization and public expenses.
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References
Ahasan, H., 2015. MERS-CoV: Current Global Status and Threats for Bangladesh. Journal of
Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, 32(3), pp.122-123.
Akhter, Y., 2018. THE EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF
BANGLADESH. International Journal of Advanced Research, 6(6), pp.218-225.
Blanton, R. and Peksen, D., 2017. Dying for Globalization? The Impact of Economic
Globalization on Industrial Accidents. Social Science Quarterly, 98(5), pp.1487-1502.
Boktiar, H., 2017. Information and Communication Technology Sustainability Management of
Bangladesh. International Journal of Sustainability Management and Information Technologies,
3(5), p.53.
Brown, P., 2001. Kofi Annan describes new health fund for developing countries. BMJ,
322(7297), pp.1265-1265.
Gopalkrishnan, N., 2007. People in the Middle: Neoglobalization, Infeartainment and
Sustainability. The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social
Sustainability: Annual Review, 3(5), pp.159-166.
Greene, S., 2011. Catalyzing Investment for Domestic Impact: The Impact Investing Initiative of
the U.S. Small Business Administration. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization,
6(3), pp.27-34.
Hassan, A., 2013. Impact of Globalization on Agrarian Structure of Bangladesh. SSRN Electronic
Journal.
Mahboob Ali, M. and Medhekar, A., 2016. Globalization, medical travel and healthcare
management in Bangladesh. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 14(2), pp.360-375.
Neubert, M., 2017. Lean Internationalization: How to Globalize Early and Fast in a Small
Economy. Technology Innovation Management Review, 7(5), pp.16-22.
Ritzer, G. and Dean, P., 2015. Globalization: A basic text. John Wiley & Sons.
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Saygili, M., 2013. Financial Liberalization, Limited Contract Enforcement and Productivity.
Journal of Globalization and Development, 4(1).
Shilpi, F., 2011. Mobility Costs and Regional Inequality: Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of
Globalization and Development, 2(1).
Ullah, A., 2014. Garment Industry in Bangladesh : An Era of Globalization and Neo-
Liberalization. Middle East Journal of Business, 10(2), pp.14-26.
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