Report: Infrastructure, Transportation, and Utilities in Gold Coast
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Report
AI Summary
This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the infrastructure of Gold Coast City, Australia. It examines various aspects, including transportation networks (road, rail, and air), power supply, water management, and waste management systems. The report highlights the city's reliance on tourism and film production, and its well-developed infrastructure supporting these industries. The research methodology involves secondary research using reports and literature. Key findings include the city's legislative framework, power supply through Powerlink Queensland and Energex, and transportation services provided by Surfside Buslines, Pacific Motorway (M1), and the G:link light rail. The report also details the city's water source (Hinze Dam) and waste management challenges. It concludes with recommendations for future development, emphasizing the need for improved marine transportation, rail extensions, and community development infrastructure. The analysis underscores the importance of engineering practices and design for the city's future growth and sustainability.
o The research method that is utilised in the case of investigation of the city of Gold Coast is secondary research.
o The investigation of the transportation, the power supply, the water management, the waste management, the spaces for the leisure activities of the people of the
city, the infrastructure for the sporting activities of the city, the availability of the necessary resources of the cultural events in the region is conducted on the basis
of the reports and literature.
o The secondary resources on the adventure tourism are also evaluated in order to investigate the availability of infrastructure that the city has in place for a better
recognition of the city in terms of the facilities (Ma and Hassink 2013).
Some of the necessary steps that the governing authority of the city is in need
to undertake are mentioned below:
In near future, the governing authority of the city needs to put more focus on
the marine transportation and the business activity in the ports needs to be
increased.
The local government needs to make sure that they effectively monitor the
operations of the ports and trigger the business activity through the vendor
organizations.
The extension of both the forms of the rail needs to be carried out with a sense
of urgency in order to make sure that the improvement in the mobility inside the
city is achieved.
The connection between the Gold Coast line and the airport is not present and
that is seen to affect the business conduction in significant manner. Hence an
extension of the Gold Coast line to the airport is much needed in near future to
improve the business conduction in the region (Yigitcanlar, Dur and Dizdaroglu
2015).
For the improvement of the way of living of the people of the city, the local
government is in need to make sure that they be able to construct multiple
numbers of community engagement spaces.
The government needs to make sure that they be able to develop the infrastructure
of the existing beaches in order to increase the tourism activities in those
beaches. The infrastructural development of the adventure sports activity is
examined to be an absolute need of the city (Dedekorkut-Howes and Bosman 2015).
The city of Gold Coast is observed to have only one major airport and that is the
main reason of the intense traffic. The government of the region needs to build
one or two international airports to reduce the pressure on the existing airport
and offer the much needed flexibility and ease in travelling to the citizens.
The technological advancement needs to be applied in the region for providing
better services to the people of the region and the Wi-Fi and Internet
connectivity needs to be implemented from the part of the government to each and
every major station of various forms of the transportation mediums. This is much
needed to make sure that the city is able to provide smart technical facilities
to the people.
On a concluding note, the strong point of the city is the
significant transportation and the connectivity with the
other regions. However, the focus of the governing authority
of the city in the tourism sector is seen to be bit
ineffective. The prime engineering and infrastructural
developmental needs of the city are seen to be in the form of
the new airport, the rail line extension, the restructure of
the ports and the costal transportation. Along with that, the
community development needs to be appreciated through the set
up of the infrastructure.
The city is in the legislative framework of the
Legislative Assembly of Queensland. The city of Gold Coast
council has 14 elected councillors and each of them is
seen to represent one of the divisions
(Goldcoast.qld.gov.au 2019).
The legislative framework of the city is able to
restructure the city in order to manage it better for
engineering practices and to make sure that the facilities
and the infrastructure of the city is improved.
The city of Gold Coast is one of the renowned coastal cities in the Queensland region of the country, Australia.
The city is one of the significant locations of the country due to the notable availability of the natural resources in the form of
beaches. The city is a dynamic tourist destination and contributes immensely in the tourism industry of the country.
The city is situated approximately 66 kilometre south-south east of the State Capital of Brisbane and at the immediate north to the
border of the New South Wales (Goldcoast.qld.gov.au 2019).
The city has 414.3square kilometre of area (city of gold coast).
The population of the city is counted to be 698090 in the year 2016 which makes sure it is in the 6th position in the list of the
populated cities and the second populated city of the Queensland region (Abs.gov.au. 2019).
The economy of the city is largely dependent on two different industries which are the tourism and the film production.
The city is seen to have a rich history of the music, culture, arts and sports.
The city’s infrastructure is significantly in alignment with the mentioned industries. The city is able to have a strongly connected
supply of the electricity, water supply and the transportation (Dizdaroglu and Yigitcanlar 2016).
City of Gold Coast
Name of the Student
Name of the Tutor
Major finding
INTRODUCTION PHOTO OF THE CITY
CONCLUSIONS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS...
Research Method
The infrastructural growth of the city is pretty evident. However, the city is seen to
lack some basic aspects of the structural formation and best practices in the engineering
and the design sections.
The city is seen to have strong transportation connectivity. The construction of the
roads is significant in connecting the city of Gold Coast to the major cities and the
territories of the country like the Brisbane and New South Wales.
The rail connectivity is seen to cover the costal suburbs and many of the majorly
populated areas of the city.
The Gold Coast airport is seen to be the main gateway of the city for the air
transportation.
Ever after having such smooth connectivity, the business conduction in the city is seemed
to be affected and one of the major reasons responsible for that is the absence of the
focus of the government on the marine transportation.
The local government needs to be more proactive in their approach to trigger the
International business conduction through the port.
The light rail service of the city is in need of an extension to cover more number of
passengers and more coverage of the areas of the city.
The third extension of the G: link is in the planning stage which needs to be implemented
soon to make sure that the mobility inside the city is increased. The G:link services
need to be extended to the Burleigh Heads.
The same need is present for the heavy rail way as well where the services of the Gold
Coast Line need to be extended to Coolangatta.
Considering the improvement of the lifestyle of the people of the city, the
infrastructure is pretty ineffective. The city is seen to have very limited amount of
resources for the improvement of the lifestyle or the way of living of the citizens of
it. The city is seen to lack community engagement spaces for the engaging with each other
which can improve the community (Dedekorkut-Howes 2013).
The city is seen to have very limited amount infrastructure for the cultural practices
and the improvement of the traditions, cultural and the social belief of the citizens.
The city of Gold Coast has a significantly effective water quality management system.
However, the city is still in need of more number of the water treatment plant which can
make sure that the coverage of the purified water in the city improves.
One of the significant loopholes of the city is seen to be in the form of the absence of
the waste management system (Waltham et al. 2014). The city is unable to have diversified
waste management system for the liquid and the solid waste.
The lack of the infrastructural set up for the effective waste management in both the
cases, liquid and the solid waste is seen to have the potential to decrease the
environmental balance of the city.
The construction of the parks and the cycling spaces are observed to be one of the
significant needs for the city in order to increase the quality of living of the
citizens.
Logo of
the
Universi
ty
Logo of
the
Universi
ty
The Powerlink Queensland is the source of
electricity for the city. The supply of the
Powerlink Queensland is transferred through
the supply substations at bulk which is
provided through the National Electricity
Market (Powerlink.com.au. 2019).
The sourcing of the electricity is conducted
through an interconnected multi-state power
system.
Energex, the government owned Electricity
Corporation distributes the natural gas,
electricity and the liquefied petroleum gas
and other valuable products and the services
to the residential, commercial and the
industrial customers of the city
(Energex.com.au. 2019).
The Powerlink Queensland is the source of
electricity for the city. The supply of the
Powerlink Queensland is transferred through the
supply substations at bulk which is provided
through the National Electricity Market
(Powerlink.com.au. 2019).
The sourcing of the electricity is conducted
through an interconnected multi-state power
system.
Energex, the government owned Electricity
Corporation distributes the natural gas,
electricity and the liquefied petroleum gas and
other valuable products and the services to the
residential, commercial and the industrial
customers of the city (Energex.com.au. 2019).
The Hinze Dam situated at the south west of Nerang is the main
source of the water in the city (Seqwater.com.au. 2019).
The Little Hinze Dam plays a crucial role in the management of
the water needs of the city and both the dams are observed to be
managed by the city council directorate of the Gold Coast Water.
The significant quality of the water of the city is recognised
for the HACCP water management system of it by the World Health
Organization (Seqwater.com.au. 2019). The organization was seen
to comment on the optimum quality management of the water and
the safety from the catchment to tap.
The local government is observed to implement the project of the
Gold Coast desalination plant in the year 2009 which plays a
crucial role in the supply of the desalinated water up to 133
mega litres per day (Seqwater.com.au. 2019).
The transportation is seen to be the major focus of the local
government. The city has several forms of connectivity in the
form of the road transportation, light rail, heavy rail
transportation, bus transport and air transport.
The railway connectivity in the city is divided in
to two different modes which are the heavy and
light rail.
The light rail service of the city is seen to be
known as the G:link.
The service covers 20 km line and connects
Helensvale and Broadbeach. During the linking of
the two mentioned spots, the service also connects
the activity centres of Southport and the Surfers
Paradise.
The heavy rail service is seen to be operated by
the Queensland Rail along with the Gold Coast
Railway Line. The mentioned rail way line is seen
to be the same as Brisbane’s Beenleigh Railway
Line. However it continues after reaching the
Beenleigh.
Surfside Buslines is the main service provider
of the public bus services in the Gold Coast
region (Surfside.com.au. 2019).
The city is observed to have maximum car
transportation as the people of the city is
seen to have notable amount of interest in the
mentioned mode of transport.
The city is seen to have a number of multi-
channel roads for the connectivity to the
other cities like the New South Wales,
Brisbane and the neighbouring areas.
The main motorway of the area is seen to be
the Pacific Motorway (M1).
The Logan Motorway is seen to connect the
various parts of the city to Brisbane and at
the same time links with the Pacific Highway
near the border of the New South Wales and
Queensland.
The Logan motorway is also connected with the
Tugun Bypass and the Gold Coast Highway is
seen to serve the coastal suburbs of the city
including the Southport, Burleigh Heads and
the Surfers Paradise.
Smith Street Motorway is observed to be one of
the major arterial roads of the city which
connects the Southport with Pacific Motorway
in the Parkwood suburb.
Reedy Creek Road, Robina Parkway, Southport
Burleigh Road are Nerang-Broadbeach road
observed to be notably important in the city’s
development and the connectivity with the
other parts of the Queensland and Australia.
The city is seen to have the Gold Coast Airport as the main
airport for the air transportation and the airport is situation at
the Coolangatta region which is 22 kilometres away from the
south of Surfers Paradise (Goldcoastairport.com.au. 2019).
The airport plays a crucial role in the transport to major cities
and the nations like New Zealand, Singapore, Japan and
Malaysia.
The traffic in the airport is pretty evident and that is visible
with the 6th ranking of it in the list of the busiest airports of
Australia (Austairports.com.au 2019).
Discussion of the critical
Analysis
o The investigation of the transportation, the power supply, the water management, the waste management, the spaces for the leisure activities of the people of the
city, the infrastructure for the sporting activities of the city, the availability of the necessary resources of the cultural events in the region is conducted on the basis
of the reports and literature.
o The secondary resources on the adventure tourism are also evaluated in order to investigate the availability of infrastructure that the city has in place for a better
recognition of the city in terms of the facilities (Ma and Hassink 2013).
Some of the necessary steps that the governing authority of the city is in need
to undertake are mentioned below:
In near future, the governing authority of the city needs to put more focus on
the marine transportation and the business activity in the ports needs to be
increased.
The local government needs to make sure that they effectively monitor the
operations of the ports and trigger the business activity through the vendor
organizations.
The extension of both the forms of the rail needs to be carried out with a sense
of urgency in order to make sure that the improvement in the mobility inside the
city is achieved.
The connection between the Gold Coast line and the airport is not present and
that is seen to affect the business conduction in significant manner. Hence an
extension of the Gold Coast line to the airport is much needed in near future to
improve the business conduction in the region (Yigitcanlar, Dur and Dizdaroglu
2015).
For the improvement of the way of living of the people of the city, the local
government is in need to make sure that they be able to construct multiple
numbers of community engagement spaces.
The government needs to make sure that they be able to develop the infrastructure
of the existing beaches in order to increase the tourism activities in those
beaches. The infrastructural development of the adventure sports activity is
examined to be an absolute need of the city (Dedekorkut-Howes and Bosman 2015).
The city of Gold Coast is observed to have only one major airport and that is the
main reason of the intense traffic. The government of the region needs to build
one or two international airports to reduce the pressure on the existing airport
and offer the much needed flexibility and ease in travelling to the citizens.
The technological advancement needs to be applied in the region for providing
better services to the people of the region and the Wi-Fi and Internet
connectivity needs to be implemented from the part of the government to each and
every major station of various forms of the transportation mediums. This is much
needed to make sure that the city is able to provide smart technical facilities
to the people.
On a concluding note, the strong point of the city is the
significant transportation and the connectivity with the
other regions. However, the focus of the governing authority
of the city in the tourism sector is seen to be bit
ineffective. The prime engineering and infrastructural
developmental needs of the city are seen to be in the form of
the new airport, the rail line extension, the restructure of
the ports and the costal transportation. Along with that, the
community development needs to be appreciated through the set
up of the infrastructure.
The city is in the legislative framework of the
Legislative Assembly of Queensland. The city of Gold Coast
council has 14 elected councillors and each of them is
seen to represent one of the divisions
(Goldcoast.qld.gov.au 2019).
The legislative framework of the city is able to
restructure the city in order to manage it better for
engineering practices and to make sure that the facilities
and the infrastructure of the city is improved.
The city of Gold Coast is one of the renowned coastal cities in the Queensland region of the country, Australia.
The city is one of the significant locations of the country due to the notable availability of the natural resources in the form of
beaches. The city is a dynamic tourist destination and contributes immensely in the tourism industry of the country.
The city is situated approximately 66 kilometre south-south east of the State Capital of Brisbane and at the immediate north to the
border of the New South Wales (Goldcoast.qld.gov.au 2019).
The city has 414.3square kilometre of area (city of gold coast).
The population of the city is counted to be 698090 in the year 2016 which makes sure it is in the 6th position in the list of the
populated cities and the second populated city of the Queensland region (Abs.gov.au. 2019).
The economy of the city is largely dependent on two different industries which are the tourism and the film production.
The city is seen to have a rich history of the music, culture, arts and sports.
The city’s infrastructure is significantly in alignment with the mentioned industries. The city is able to have a strongly connected
supply of the electricity, water supply and the transportation (Dizdaroglu and Yigitcanlar 2016).
City of Gold Coast
Name of the Student
Name of the Tutor
Major finding
INTRODUCTION PHOTO OF THE CITY
CONCLUSIONS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS...
Research Method
The infrastructural growth of the city is pretty evident. However, the city is seen to
lack some basic aspects of the structural formation and best practices in the engineering
and the design sections.
The city is seen to have strong transportation connectivity. The construction of the
roads is significant in connecting the city of Gold Coast to the major cities and the
territories of the country like the Brisbane and New South Wales.
The rail connectivity is seen to cover the costal suburbs and many of the majorly
populated areas of the city.
The Gold Coast airport is seen to be the main gateway of the city for the air
transportation.
Ever after having such smooth connectivity, the business conduction in the city is seemed
to be affected and one of the major reasons responsible for that is the absence of the
focus of the government on the marine transportation.
The local government needs to be more proactive in their approach to trigger the
International business conduction through the port.
The light rail service of the city is in need of an extension to cover more number of
passengers and more coverage of the areas of the city.
The third extension of the G: link is in the planning stage which needs to be implemented
soon to make sure that the mobility inside the city is increased. The G:link services
need to be extended to the Burleigh Heads.
The same need is present for the heavy rail way as well where the services of the Gold
Coast Line need to be extended to Coolangatta.
Considering the improvement of the lifestyle of the people of the city, the
infrastructure is pretty ineffective. The city is seen to have very limited amount of
resources for the improvement of the lifestyle or the way of living of the citizens of
it. The city is seen to lack community engagement spaces for the engaging with each other
which can improve the community (Dedekorkut-Howes 2013).
The city is seen to have very limited amount infrastructure for the cultural practices
and the improvement of the traditions, cultural and the social belief of the citizens.
The city of Gold Coast has a significantly effective water quality management system.
However, the city is still in need of more number of the water treatment plant which can
make sure that the coverage of the purified water in the city improves.
One of the significant loopholes of the city is seen to be in the form of the absence of
the waste management system (Waltham et al. 2014). The city is unable to have diversified
waste management system for the liquid and the solid waste.
The lack of the infrastructural set up for the effective waste management in both the
cases, liquid and the solid waste is seen to have the potential to decrease the
environmental balance of the city.
The construction of the parks and the cycling spaces are observed to be one of the
significant needs for the city in order to increase the quality of living of the
citizens.
Logo of
the
Universi
ty
Logo of
the
Universi
ty
The Powerlink Queensland is the source of
electricity for the city. The supply of the
Powerlink Queensland is transferred through
the supply substations at bulk which is
provided through the National Electricity
Market (Powerlink.com.au. 2019).
The sourcing of the electricity is conducted
through an interconnected multi-state power
system.
Energex, the government owned Electricity
Corporation distributes the natural gas,
electricity and the liquefied petroleum gas
and other valuable products and the services
to the residential, commercial and the
industrial customers of the city
(Energex.com.au. 2019).
The Powerlink Queensland is the source of
electricity for the city. The supply of the
Powerlink Queensland is transferred through the
supply substations at bulk which is provided
through the National Electricity Market
(Powerlink.com.au. 2019).
The sourcing of the electricity is conducted
through an interconnected multi-state power
system.
Energex, the government owned Electricity
Corporation distributes the natural gas,
electricity and the liquefied petroleum gas and
other valuable products and the services to the
residential, commercial and the industrial
customers of the city (Energex.com.au. 2019).
The Hinze Dam situated at the south west of Nerang is the main
source of the water in the city (Seqwater.com.au. 2019).
The Little Hinze Dam plays a crucial role in the management of
the water needs of the city and both the dams are observed to be
managed by the city council directorate of the Gold Coast Water.
The significant quality of the water of the city is recognised
for the HACCP water management system of it by the World Health
Organization (Seqwater.com.au. 2019). The organization was seen
to comment on the optimum quality management of the water and
the safety from the catchment to tap.
The local government is observed to implement the project of the
Gold Coast desalination plant in the year 2009 which plays a
crucial role in the supply of the desalinated water up to 133
mega litres per day (Seqwater.com.au. 2019).
The transportation is seen to be the major focus of the local
government. The city has several forms of connectivity in the
form of the road transportation, light rail, heavy rail
transportation, bus transport and air transport.
The railway connectivity in the city is divided in
to two different modes which are the heavy and
light rail.
The light rail service of the city is seen to be
known as the G:link.
The service covers 20 km line and connects
Helensvale and Broadbeach. During the linking of
the two mentioned spots, the service also connects
the activity centres of Southport and the Surfers
Paradise.
The heavy rail service is seen to be operated by
the Queensland Rail along with the Gold Coast
Railway Line. The mentioned rail way line is seen
to be the same as Brisbane’s Beenleigh Railway
Line. However it continues after reaching the
Beenleigh.
Surfside Buslines is the main service provider
of the public bus services in the Gold Coast
region (Surfside.com.au. 2019).
The city is observed to have maximum car
transportation as the people of the city is
seen to have notable amount of interest in the
mentioned mode of transport.
The city is seen to have a number of multi-
channel roads for the connectivity to the
other cities like the New South Wales,
Brisbane and the neighbouring areas.
The main motorway of the area is seen to be
the Pacific Motorway (M1).
The Logan Motorway is seen to connect the
various parts of the city to Brisbane and at
the same time links with the Pacific Highway
near the border of the New South Wales and
Queensland.
The Logan motorway is also connected with the
Tugun Bypass and the Gold Coast Highway is
seen to serve the coastal suburbs of the city
including the Southport, Burleigh Heads and
the Surfers Paradise.
Smith Street Motorway is observed to be one of
the major arterial roads of the city which
connects the Southport with Pacific Motorway
in the Parkwood suburb.
Reedy Creek Road, Robina Parkway, Southport
Burleigh Road are Nerang-Broadbeach road
observed to be notably important in the city’s
development and the connectivity with the
other parts of the Queensland and Australia.
The city is seen to have the Gold Coast Airport as the main
airport for the air transportation and the airport is situation at
the Coolangatta region which is 22 kilometres away from the
south of Surfers Paradise (Goldcoastairport.com.au. 2019).
The airport plays a crucial role in the transport to major cities
and the nations like New Zealand, Singapore, Japan and
Malaysia.
The traffic in the airport is pretty evident and that is visible
with the 6th ranking of it in the list of the busiest airports of
Australia (Austairports.com.au 2019).
Discussion of the critical
Analysis
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References
Abs.gov.au. 2019. Population - Australian Bureau of Statistics. [online] Available at: http://www.abs.gov.au/Population
Austairports.com.au 2019. Busiest Airports in Australia | The Major, Largest & Best. [online] Available at: https://austairports.com.au/top-10-busiest-international-airports-australia/
Dedekorkut-Howes, A. and Bosman, C., 2015. The Gold Coast: Australia’s playground?. Cities, 42, pp.70-84.
Dedekorkut-Howes, A., 2013, November. City without a plan: How the Gold Coast was shaped. In State of Australian cities conference proceedings.
Dizdaroglu, D. and Yigitcanlar, T., 2016. Integrating urban ecosystem sustainability assessment into policy-making: insights from the Gold Coast City. Journal of environmental planning and management, 59(11), pp.1982-2006.
Energex.com.au. 2019. Home - Energex. [online] Available at: https://www.energex.com.au/
G:link. (2019). G:link | Gold Coast Light Rail | Tram Network. [online] Available at: https://ridetheg.com.au/
Goldcoast.qld.gov.au 2019. City of Gold Coast | Home. Retrieved from http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/default.html
Goldcoastairport.com.au. 2019. Home - Gold Coast Airport. [online] Available at: https://www.goldcoastairport.com.au/
Ma, M. and Hassink, R., 2013. An evolutionary perspective on tourism area development. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, pp.89-109.
Powerlink.com.au. 2019. Powerlink | Connecting Queenslanders. [online] Available at: https://www.powerlink.com.au/
Seqwater.com.au. 2019. Desalination | Seqwater. [online] Available at: https://www.seqwater.com.au/water-supply/water-treatment/desalination
Seqwater.com.au. 2019. Seqwater. [online] Available at: https://www.seqwater.com.au/
Seqwater.com.au. 2019. Water security and consumption update - 18 January 2019 | Seqwater. [online] Available at: https://www.seqwater.com.au/water-security-and-consumption-update-16-march-2018
Surfside.com.au. 2019. Welcome to Surfside Buslines | Surfside Buslines. [online] Available at: http://www.surfside.com.au/
Waltham, N.J., Barry, M., McAlister, T., Weber, T. and Groth, D., 2014. Protecting the green behind the gold: Catchment-wide restoration efforts necessary to achieve nutrient and sediment load reduction targets in Gold Coast City, Australia. Environmental management, 54(4), pp.840-851.
Yigitcanlar, T., Dur, F. and Dizdaroglu, D., 2015. Towards prosperous sustainable cities: A multiscalar urban sustainability assessment approach. Habitat International, 45, pp.36-46.
Abs.gov.au. 2019. Population - Australian Bureau of Statistics. [online] Available at: http://www.abs.gov.au/Population
Austairports.com.au 2019. Busiest Airports in Australia | The Major, Largest & Best. [online] Available at: https://austairports.com.au/top-10-busiest-international-airports-australia/
Dedekorkut-Howes, A. and Bosman, C., 2015. The Gold Coast: Australia’s playground?. Cities, 42, pp.70-84.
Dedekorkut-Howes, A., 2013, November. City without a plan: How the Gold Coast was shaped. In State of Australian cities conference proceedings.
Dizdaroglu, D. and Yigitcanlar, T., 2016. Integrating urban ecosystem sustainability assessment into policy-making: insights from the Gold Coast City. Journal of environmental planning and management, 59(11), pp.1982-2006.
Energex.com.au. 2019. Home - Energex. [online] Available at: https://www.energex.com.au/
G:link. (2019). G:link | Gold Coast Light Rail | Tram Network. [online] Available at: https://ridetheg.com.au/
Goldcoast.qld.gov.au 2019. City of Gold Coast | Home. Retrieved from http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/default.html
Goldcoastairport.com.au. 2019. Home - Gold Coast Airport. [online] Available at: https://www.goldcoastairport.com.au/
Ma, M. and Hassink, R., 2013. An evolutionary perspective on tourism area development. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, pp.89-109.
Powerlink.com.au. 2019. Powerlink | Connecting Queenslanders. [online] Available at: https://www.powerlink.com.au/
Seqwater.com.au. 2019. Desalination | Seqwater. [online] Available at: https://www.seqwater.com.au/water-supply/water-treatment/desalination
Seqwater.com.au. 2019. Seqwater. [online] Available at: https://www.seqwater.com.au/
Seqwater.com.au. 2019. Water security and consumption update - 18 January 2019 | Seqwater. [online] Available at: https://www.seqwater.com.au/water-security-and-consumption-update-16-march-2018
Surfside.com.au. 2019. Welcome to Surfside Buslines | Surfside Buslines. [online] Available at: http://www.surfside.com.au/
Waltham, N.J., Barry, M., McAlister, T., Weber, T. and Groth, D., 2014. Protecting the green behind the gold: Catchment-wide restoration efforts necessary to achieve nutrient and sediment load reduction targets in Gold Coast City, Australia. Environmental management, 54(4), pp.840-851.
Yigitcanlar, T., Dur, F. and Dizdaroglu, D., 2015. Towards prosperous sustainable cities: A multiscalar urban sustainability assessment approach. Habitat International, 45, pp.36-46.
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