A Comprehensive Report on Emerging Governance Technologies and Trends

This report offers a comprehensive overview of emerging governance technologies, including drones, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), robots, blockchain, and 3D printing. It explores the diverse applications of these technologies across various sectors, such as medical aid, oceanic research, disaster management, and law enforcement, highlighting their potential to enhance efficiency, improve services, and address critical challenges. The report provides examples of how drones are used for delivery and surveillance, AI for disaster response and traffic control, IoT for e-governance, and robots for automation. The report also references case studies from different countries, illustrating the practical implementation and impact of these technologies. The analysis includes the benefits, challenges, and future trends of these technologies, offering insights into how they are reshaping governance and society. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of adaptability and strategic integration of these technologies to ensure effective and sustainable governance in the future.

EMERGING GOVERNANCE TECHNOLOGIES
(DRONES, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, INTERNET OF THINGS, ROBOTS,
BLOCKCHAIN, 3D PRINTING)

DRONES
The use of drones has increased worldwide in recent years, both for commercial and
civilian applications. It is increasingly being used for recreational photography hence
readily available in the shops of the UAE. It is anticipated that in the coming years,
aerial drones will be used for delivering medicines and essential document in Dubai. On
Monday, at the Government Summit, two prototypes of the small and unmanned crafts
were revealed. As per the state news agency Warm. Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid,
who is currently the Vice President of UAE and ruler of Dubai, has personally joined the
pilot tests for both prototypes.
According to Dr Noah Raford, the special advisor to the Office of Prime Minister the
released drones are best for delivering the small and light weighted. Specially those are
valued things those are time sensitive. For example, medicines, important papers,
identification documents and similar items.
Drones can be used in the following ways: -
Medical aid
In the year 2016, the world’s first national drone delivery system was launched in
Rwanda. It was used to transfer the blood for the patients those were in the remote
areas. Reaching these areas was difficult due to poor roads and infrastructure. Zipline,
a robotics company partnered with the Rwandan government and developed 15
custom-built drones. These drones could fly up to 150 km of roundtrips and carry
approximately 1.5 Kgs of weight. The order could be placed via text message and get
parachuted within 15-minutes. This service also eliminates the need for onboard
insulation and refrigeration.
Oceanic research
NOAA, The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the USA is planning to
launch the unmanned vehicles, to be known as Salidrones. These drones are
developed to collect the data from the Pacific and Arctic ocean. These drones will help
in reaching areas that were out of human reach before therefore, never surveyed using
any specific technology. These drones resemble the sailboats and are powered with
wind and solar power. It will track the melting ice, count the fish, seal, and whale,
measure the CO2 levels in the ocean. The collected data will help in researching and
understanding the changes in ocean those affects the weather, fisheries, climate and
marine life.
Disaster management
In the year 2014, Ludian County in Yunnan, southwest China was struck by an
earthquake dislocating more than 200,000 people and destroying more than 12,000
homes. In such situation drones played an essential role in searching and rescuing
efforts in the mountainous terrain, thick vegetation, and dense rubble. Drones were
used by (CADERM) The China Association for Disaster and Emergency Response
Medicine to increase the search level for survivors and assess the damage. The
emergency teams used the bird's eye views and planned the rescue operations which

resulted in the effective use of resources and time. CADERM also monitored the
threating quake-formed lake that could flood the downstream areas.
Law enforcement
Drones are in productive use in China by the police agencies there. It helps in
fighting crimes. As per the information gathered from the Police Aviation
Administration Office, over 300 drones are in use by 25 provinces. They are used to
survey and patrol the steep and inaccessible areas. Police have conducted successful
raids in the Huidong country, Guangdong, using the surveillance data collected by the
drones. This has allowed the police agencies to take action on drug production gangs
and bust them. Zhou Yongkun, Party chief of Huidong's Baihua township says that
drones are in use to fly daily, over the forests, local mountains, huge orchards and other
needed areas, where it is difficult for them to patrol.
Border patrol
The US-Mexican borders are majorly patrolled using the drones. The Predator B drones
are being used under the "Change Detection" missions. These drones cover the sweep
mountains, rivers, and canyons in 3 days. The collected data is analysed and for any
unwanted activities. Approximately 2% of the conducted patrols has generated evidence
for illegal border crossings.
https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/uae-develops-delivery-drones-to-improve-government-services-
1.685853
Tan Wee Kwang, ‘ How are governments using drone technology?
’
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Machine intelligence or Artificial Intelligence is the intelligence displayed by the machines as
compared to animals and humans.
Artificial intelligence or machine intelligence, is the display of knowledge by machines,
as compared to the presentation of natural intelligence by the animals and humans in
contrast to the innate intelligence displayed by humans and other animals. Software
engineering characterizes AI inquires the investigation of "clever operators": the
gadgets that see its condition and takes activities that augment its risk of effectively
accomplishing the objectives.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) underscores the invention of smart machinery those work and
responses like humans. A slice of the exercises PCs with human-made consciousness
are added below:
 Speech acknowledgement
 Learning

 Planning
 Problem Tackling
AI can help companies better manage their operations, more efficiently
detect frauds, more effectively predict opportunity areas, and proactively
identify aspects that need an intervention:
- Disaster Response: Modern technology, especially when coupled with AI,
can make a significant contribution to disaster management. Aided further
with technologies like drones, sensors and geospatial mapping, that can
collect valuable real-time data, machine learning algorithms can help with
optimal deployment of limited rescue resources. Post-disaster surveillance,
identification and prioritisation of affected areas, real-time tracking of
individuals, etc. can all be possible.
Traffic Control: This one is almost a no-brainer. There are massive amounts
of data available on traffic flows, and the same can be utilised for more
efficient traffic management systems and creating an infrastructure that is
future-ready.
Traffic Control: This one is almost a no-brainer. There are massive amounts
of data available on traffic flows, and the same can be utilised for more
efficient traffic management systems and creating an infrastructure that is
future-ready.
Reference
Definition of AI as the study of intelligent agents:
 Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, p. 1, which provides the version that is used in this article. Note that
they use the term "computational intelligence" as a synonym for artificial intelligence.
 Russell & Norvig (2003) (who prefer the term "rational agent") and write "The whole-agent view is now
widely accepted in the field" (Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 55).
 Nilsson 1998
 Legg & Hutter 2007.

Shamli Prakash, ‘The Time Has Come to Use Artificial Intelligence In Governance’
INTERNET OF THINGS
The system of electronic devices like home appliances, vehicles those has the
hardware, actuators, networks, and software is known as IoT. These things when
combined allows the association and corporation of trading data.

The IoT contains the expansion of the Internet network apart from the standardised
devices. Like workstations, computers, mobiles, and tablets. Fitted with the invention,
these tools can transport and connect over the Internet, which can be observed and
managed remotely.
The IoT turns it believable to gather the remote sensor information, along with the
screening and controlling the corporal world from a departure, enabling numerous
physical items to act as one, however methods for surrounding insight [1]. These
gadgets and the correspondence between these gadgets can profit e-government by
giving enough quality information to produce the data required to settle on the correct
choices at the perfect time [3], yet to accomplish this, an assortment of hindrances
should be survived. For instance, Inductive circles inserted in the street surface are a
vital innovation for traffic identification
IoT chiefly uses the typical procedures and advanced networking know-how. Though,
the primary empowering skills and protocols of IoT are NFC, RFID, WiFi-Direct, low-
energy wireless, low-energy radio protocols along with the low-energy Bluetooth. The
given technologies sustenance the particular networking functionality required in an IoT
system[1][3]. The striking benefits of IoT are improved customer engagement,
technology optimisation, reduced waste by useful resources management. This is
catalysing the G2B, G2C and G2G activities. IoT has applications across all industries,
markets, transport with special significance to traffic control is gearing up G2B and G2G
activities. The demands of IOT in domestic usage and citizen financial transactions are
triggering G2C actions. The IoT applications are being implemented by smaller groups
whose target is to save energy to the larger groups who target to set right their
complicated operations are showing significant encouragement to promote G2G, G2B
activities to next level. Industry, Engineering, Domestic and Infrastructure Applications
of IoT include not only safety but also improving production, marketing, service delivery.
IoT provides complete transparency and generates increase visibility for enhanced
prospects which is a boon for implementation of e-Governance applications. The inner-
level of controller managed by IoT allows quick action to be taken to achieve the
opportunities. This includes events like buyer needs, unique merchandise, faults in
apparatus, difficulties in the network distribution. The main is to satisfy the stakeholder's
needs.
References
Brown, Eric (13 September 2016). "Who Needs the Internet of Things?". Linux.com. Retrieved 23
October 2016.

^ Jump up to:a b Brown, Eric (20 September 2016). "21 Open Source Projects for IoT". Linux.com.
Retrieved 23 October 2016.
"Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative". ITU. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
Hendricks, Drew. "The Trouble with the Internet of Things". London Datastore. Greater London
Authority. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
Dr. S. Prem Kumar ““Internet of Things for Sophisticated e-Governance: A Special Focus on
Agricultural Sector”;
Fleisch, E.: What is the internet of things? An economic perspective. Econ. Manage. Financ. Markets 5,
125–157, 2010
ROBOTs
Called as a machine, a robot is a programmable machine. It is developed to unpredicted
activities automatically. It could be controlled using a remote, or control could be fitted in
the robot. It can be created to act against the human race, but mostly developed to be
used and played, unaffected by the looks of it.
Robotic governance fundamentally supplies an administrative system to manage self-
ruling and smart machines. This incorporates innovative work exercises just as
treatment of these machines. The thought is identified with the ideas of corporate
administration, innovation governance [4] and IT-administration, which give a structure
to the administration of associations or the focal point of a typical IT foundation.
How robotics can benefit governments
Enhanced flexibility: Robots are no longer massive machines that are difficult to move
across locations. They come in different sizes, can be mounted on walls and are
even wearable, which can be used for real-time healthcare monitoring.
Automation: Robots can perform a multitude of repetitive tasks with minimal
supervision to break the monotony faced by human workers. Consider the benefits
from automating refuse handling where the robot collects refuse bins and empties it into
the garbage collection truck under the watch of the truck driver who needs to input
instructions into the truck's operating system
Enhanced flexibility: Robots are no longer massive machines that are difficult to move
across locations. They come in different sizes, can be mounted on walls and are
even wearable, which can be used for real-time healthcare monitoring.

Improved safety for workers: Dual-arm robots, for example, can work on production
lines alongside their human counterparts without endangering them. Using force
sensors, these robots detect changes in force applied, have speed-limited motors and
rely on software governing safety, which considerably minimises the risk to humans.
Reskilling and retraining of employees: As automation frees up workforce resources,
SMEs can give workers the opportunity to upgrade their skills and use their expertise in
other departments. For instance, the use of drones to transport food from the kitchen to
the restaurant floor helps waiters focus on higher-value tasks such as engaging with
customers, ensuring quick service and promoting new menu items.
References
* Dominik B. O. Boesl, Martina Bode: Technology Governance. In: IEEE (Hrsg.): 2016 IEEE
International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Innovative Business Practices for the
Transformation of Societies (EmergiTech). IEEE Xplore, Mauritius 2016, ISBN 978-1-5090-0706-6, S.
421 – 425, doi:10.1109/EmergiTech.2016.7737378.
^ Peter Asaro, Jason Millar, Kristen Thomasen: We Robot 2015 Conference – Robotic Governance Panel.
University of Washington School of Law, 10. April 2015
* Dominik B. O. Boesl, Bernd Liepert: 4 Robotic Revolutions – proposing a holistic phase model
describing future disruptions in the evolution of robotics and automation and the rise of a new
Generation ‘R’ of Robotic Natives. In: IEEE (Hrsg.): 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on
Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE Xplore 2016, ISBN 978-1-5090-3762-9, ISSN 2153-
0866, S. 1262 – 1267, doi:10.1109/IROS.2016.7759209
^ Dominik B. O. Boesl, Martina Bode: Technology Governance. In: IEEE (Hrsg.): 2016 IEEE
International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Innovative Business Practices for the
Transformation of Societies (EmergiTech). IEEE Xplore, Mauritius 2016, ISBN 978-1-5090-0706-6,
*https://mybusiness.singtel.com/techblog/what-government-push-towards-automation-and-robotics-
means-smes
BLOCKCHAIN
A blockchain, initially square chain,[4][5] is a developing rundown of records, called
squares, which are connected utilising cryptography. Each square contains a
cryptographic hash of the past square, a timestamp, and exchange information (by and
large spoke to as a Merkle tree root hash).

Blockchain-based model
The mechanical worldview of blockchain includes an open and safe stockpiling and
transmission of information. Information can be transmitted without a common focus
and delegates however with a certification that gatherings will satisfy their commitments;
information will have a programmable incentive also. This is conceivable with the
utilisation of digital currency devices and brilliant contracts. State report stream, the
enlistment of organisations, e-casting a ballot, open acquisition, and closeouts are the
zones needing lessening costs identified with information trade and unification into a
common stockpiling framework. Today, numerous ventures offer their answers went for
administration improvement.
E-voting: Follow My Vote builds up a stage for internet casting a ballot dependent on
blockchain innovation that utilises elliptic bend cryptography to guarantee the precision
and consistent quality outcomes.
Civil administration: Borderless builds up a stage intended to guarantee the entrance
to legitimate and monetary administrations based on shrewd contracts.
Public procurement and auctions: e-Auction 3.0 presents itself as an administration
that can supplant authorities with blockchain. It shows the conditions, the procedure and
the consequences of the closeouts for the rent and clearance of state property.
The blockchain innovation is equipped for taking care of the issues of security,
harmonisation and compromise of information for the state the executive's framework.
An appropriated record is a novel apparatus for the enhancement of
straightforwardness of the budgetary procedure and the decrease of debasement
factors. A human blunder is prohibited as the historical backdrop of exchanges inside
the framework is openly available, and the structure works inside the endorsed terms of
savvy gets the execution of which fills in as a reason for tasks.
"Blockchains: The great chain of being sure about things". The Economist. 31 October 2015. Archived from
the original on 3 July 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2016. The technology behind bitcoin lets people who do not
know or trust each other build a dependable ledger. This has implications far beyond the cryptocurrency.
^ Morris, David Z. (15 May 2016). "Leaderless, Blockchain-Based Venture Capital Fund Raises $100 Million,
And Counting". Fortune. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
^ Jump up to a b Popper, Nathan (21 May 2016). "A Venture Fund With Plenty of Virtual Capital, but No
Capitalist". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.

^ Jump up to:a b c Brito, Jerry; Castillo, Andrea (2013). Bitcoin: A Primer for Policymakers (PDF) (Report).
Fairfax, VA: Mercatus Center, George Mason University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September
2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
^ Trottier, Leo (18 June 2016). "original-bitcoin" (self-published code collection). github. Archived from the
original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2016. This is a historical repository of Satoshi Nakamoto's
original bit coin sourcecode
^ Jump up to:a b c d e Narayanan, Arvind; Bonneau, Joseph; Felten, Edward; Miller, Andrew; Goldfeder, Steven
(2016). Bitcoin and cryptocurrency technologies: a comprehensive introduction. Princeton: Princeton University
Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17169-2. https://medium.com/@credits/blockchain-e-government-f9f91d744393
3D PRINTING
3D Printing should be a standout amongst the most problematic advancements; it can
change and reconsider our reality. This innovation can perhaps do that for assembling
what PCs and the web have done to make/process/store/share/deal with the data,
because of which our current computerised world exists. It's difficult to envision the
world without the ATM, Cell telephones, Internet, web-based saving money, E-learning,
E-Governance, and so forth. The Governments and associations are expecting that this
innovation will make another universe of interminable open doors and hence they are
beginning the new projects on AM/3DP with names like 'Fate of Manufacturing', or the
Next Industrial Revolution
Healthcare
Individuals have utilised 3D printed body parts – appendages, ears, skull transplants,
and even an acrylic vertebra. Last September, specialists in Croatia embedded a
custom acrylic vertebrae into a disease persistent. Specialists trust this is an excellent
arrangement in therapeutic headway because unadulterated acrylic-based materials will
decrease the probability of complexities, contrasted with titanium bolster which costs
more and backs off recuperation time.
3D printing is additionally used to create adaptable tablets. The innovation enables
emergency clinics to modify sedate portions for individual patients, as opposed to a
one-medicate fits-all methodology. Scientists in London discovered approaches to print
odd moulded pills; while scholastics in Singapore built up a method that would enable
various medications to be stacked in one tablet, and hence be discharged at different
rates.
Transportation
Envision the multi-day when open transports and prepares can be sent at radically
diminished expenses. As of now, 3D printing can cut vehicle fabricating expenses and
time, and save money on labour in following construction systems.

In 2014, Strati was the principal 3D printed vehicle at any point constructed. It took over
a year to plan, however, a dull 44 hours of printing and was collected in four days.
The organisation behind the vehicle likewise declared Ollie a month ago; a 3D printed
electric transport that can convey up to 12 travellers and banter with them. Suburbanites
can ask Ollie where they're made a beeline for; why it settles on explicit driving choices;
and – state you're out on the town – even recommend eating hotspots.
The day travellers can visit with their 3D printed open transports will be the fantasy. It'll
maybe help with overwhelmed voyagers examining town maps.
Public safety
Robots don't generally explode bombs effectively. Accordingly, Allen Tan – at that point
arms transfer for the U.S. military – was nearly slaughtered by one.
He'd sent a robot to handicap it, IRIN news composes, yet it fizzled the activity.
Reasonable preparing materials are rare – where such abilities are generally educated
from course readings and slides. "It's horrible for me to gain from a PowerPoint", Tan
told IRIN.
From that point forward, Tan has 3D printed mind-boggling reproductions of weapons
from plastic, with the goal that arms transfer specialists can prepare to impair these
weapons.
The new tech can give practical models and reenact better preparing for officers.
MohdZihabUllah Khan ; Mule Jaykumar Yoga, ‘Governing policies & strategy for 3D Printing/additive
manufacturing
Charlene Chin; ‘Four areas for 3D printing in government.‘