Critical Analysis of Government Policies and National Innovation

This essay provides a critical analysis of government policies aimed at encouraging national innovation and maximizing the advantages of technology transfer. It examines policies such as designing coherent strategies, improving operational efficiency, developing effective governance, enhancing funding mechanisms, protecting intellectual property rights, investing in research and development, and promoting education. The essay also explores policies related to trade, licensing, operational alignment, and regulatory changes to leverage technology transfer from inward investors in manufacturing. The analysis emphasizes the importance of a well-structured and adaptable policy framework to foster innovation and economic growth. Desklib offers a variety of academic resources, including similar essays and solved assignments, to support students in their studies.

Topic 4: Critical Analysis 1
TOPIC 4: CRITICAL ANALYSIS
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Topic 4: Critical Analysis 2
Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................3
Policies authority could follow to encourage national innovative capacitates................................3
Designing coherent policies.........................................................................................................4
Improving operational policies....................................................................................................5
Developing efficient governance.................................................................................................6
Improved funding.........................................................................................................................6
Intellectual property rights...........................................................................................................7
Government spending on extensive research as well as the development......................................8
Education.........................................................................................................................................9
Policies the government could pursue to maximize the advantage of transfer of technology
presented by its inwards investor in manufacturing........................................................................9
Enhancing trade policy...............................................................................................................10
Provision of license....................................................................................................................11
Alignment of the mission of operations.....................................................................................12
Change of regulations................................................................................................................12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13
List of References..........................................................................................................................15

Topic 4: Critical Analysis 3
Abstract
Policies makers of different governments around the global community have long been
interested in technological innovation by various organizations as well as individuals. Their
interest has been on how to improve their national innovative capacities together with their
potential contribution to financial growth and improved wellbeing. It is generally believed that
the formation of a unique and appropriate way for different western economies by governments
to compete with other well-developed nations is on innovation but not on the cost of operations.
Hence, every government around international society has been focusing on the need to improve
their innovative capacities as a way of improving their operations in the current competitive
world. Therefore, this research paperwork aims at analyzing different policies that any
government in an international community can pursue to strengthen their national innovative
capacities. It also examines some of the various policies that the government could take to
exploit the advantage of the technology transmit presented by its inward sareholders in
manufacturing. It is evident in most regions that the current or traditional policy approaches
inadequately offer support to strengthen national innovative capacities. This report focuses on
the need to re-evaluate existing innovation policies as well as to develop instruments vital for
supporting innovation at the national level.
Policies authority could follow to encourage national innovative capacitates
Innovation in different nations serves as a significant driver of growth in the economy.
Governments that strengthen national innovative capacities are able to develop improved
processes of manufacturing as well as create advance together with cheap products for its
targeted consumers. National policies by different governments are currently recognized as
having an essential impact on the growth of the country and its development prospect

Topic 4: Critical Analysis 4
(Asaduzzaman, Kaivo-Oja, Stenvall, and Jusi 2016). Several policies can be used by authority to
bolster inventive capacities. For instance, provision of appropriate funds can be useful in
improving innovative processes of operations. The funds can be used to address the challenges
that relate to the funding of programs for innovation for social inclusions. As stated by
Fernandes, Ferreira, and Raposo (2013) that small idea requires small money while risky idea
needs an appropriate budget for its completion. The funds can be used to help in addressing
challenges that relate to the funding of projects. Besides, other policies that can be pursued by
the government comprise of the need to strengthen the connections between stakeholders,
promotion of science,risk-taking capacity, addressing value chain for innovation, and
participation in the international research and development infrastructure among other policies
(Hsu and Lim 2014). Major policies that the government can focus on as ways of bolstering the
national innovative policies comprise of designing coherent policies together with developing
efficient governance.
Designing coherent policies
It is becoming increasingly apparent that the major reason for the difficulty in processes
of creating or building up adequate innovative capacities is the insufficient government
effectiveness together with capabilities. In another term, lack of appropriate governance leads to
poor development of innovative capacities (Metcalfe and Lapenta 2014). Therefore, to overcome
any form of relative backwardness in advancement in economy, the government in some of the
developing nations need to strengthen their policies that deal with science, technology, alongside
innovation (ST&I) and their national techniques for innovation. In order to do such operations,
the government needs the effective state apparatus necessary for designing as well as

Topic 4: Critical Analysis 5
implementing coherent innovation policies, creating well-established market institutions, as well
as enforcing different rules of the game. The government in both developed and developing
nations can focus on improving their policies for ST&I that are in most cases embedded in
complex policy structure (Pisu, Pels, and Bottini 2015). The structure is often subjected to
different operational pressure from the range of social groups. As a result, appropriate focus on
the designing of national policies of ST&I by any government can result in the policy mix that
usually reflects diverse interests alongside, objectives of different organizations or individuals.
Improving operational policies
For governments to bolster national innovative capacities there is a need for them to
focus on the creation of consistency and efficiency of policies. Here, policymakers have to
concentrate on adhering to various principles that have emerged over the past few decades as the
outcome of examinations together with an increased understanding of how processes of
innovation and technological accumulation work. Such principles by the government must
include a commitment to creating successful networks that exist between the state, organizations,
state, and industry (Yu and Jhawar 2017). The idea can be effective in enhancing the efficiency
of innovation processes. Besides, government policies must focus on fostering flexible research
organizations that are effective in adapting as well as meeting several changes present in research
objectives over the course of national economic advancements. Besides, the government has to
focus on the principles that are committed to improving self-sustainability with the focus on
temporary instead of permanent governmental support (Abdallah and Alshahri 2019). The
competition among organizations that form the innovation system needs governmental
understanding as a way of providing transparent or predictable market-oriented regulatory as

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well as the legal structure of operations. Additionally, the focus on the continuous evolution of
the operation process can be one of the basic policies that can enhance the innovative practices to
be used in operations. The development of appropriate techniques that are concerned on analysis
of risk and management of risk leads to another coherent policy that authorty can follow to
strengthen national innovative abilities (Mizell and Allain-Dupré 2013). However, extent to
which a national government of a particular country adhering to such principles of as well as
their importance for specific country relies greatly on the stage of advancement that it has
reached. It also relies on the capacities if their governmental structures towards attaining
innovative capacities.
Developing efficient governance
The needs to bolster national innovative capacities by the government are only effective
as well as sustainable when the government is able to formulate and implement them efficiently
in their operations. The fundamentals for such capacity are the stable structure if
macroeconomic, open marketplaces and secure private property rights (Nair and Howlett 2015).
Besides, it is important for the government to secure politico-institution foundations that deal
with formulating as well as implementing policy concerned with the enforcement of innovative
policies. Hence, all such requirements translate into the desire to develop the market-enhancing
structure of government.
Improved funding
Effective funding of different innovative activities by the government can help in
improving its capacities to use new advancement in performing different operations. There is a

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need for government to focus on establishing a fund for innovation that aims at improving social
inclusion within a nation. The funds can be effective in addressing different challenges on how to
increase business operations (Kim, Hong-Gyoo Sohn, Lee, and Jong-Moon 2015). Appropriate
funding can be essential in fulfilling some of the requirements of innovators as well as
entrepreneurs together with overall innovation ecosystem leading to improved innovative
capacities within a region. Appropriate funding of various innovative programs can aid in fine
turning different governmental plans in response to rapidly shifting science and technology
(Fridahl, Upadhyaya, and Linnér 2014). The government can invest more funds to improve its
infrastructure that can help in improving the capacities of innovation within operations. The
increase in spending by the government on future infrastructural aspects can be effective in
spurring high technological progress in the private sector. The need to effectively fund
contractors can ensure that innovations are well attained through readily available structures of
operations.
Intellectual property rights
One approach to enhance innovative competencies by the government is to guarantee the
innovator the exclusive responsibility to that advanced process or product. Such intellectual
property right that the government can offer comprise of the patents that give the inventor the
exclusive legal right to create, utilize, or sell the invention for the limited period (Dhakal,
Mahmood, Wiewora, Brown, and Keast 2013). The other right is the copyright regulations that
offer the author the exclusive legal right over works of music, literature, and different pictures.
For instance, if a pharmaceutical organization has the patent on the newly produced drug, then

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no other company can manufacture or sell the similar drug for a specified period unless the
company with the patent grant permission.
Government spending on extensive research as well as the development
The governments need to fund different entities or private sectors that lack sufficient
incentives to conduct research as well as advancements. The spending by government at the
national or international level can offer direct financial support for effective survey along with
development done at different learning centers, within nonprofit survey entities, and in other
times by private organizations (Begg 2018). The amount that the government spends in
conducting research has a huge impact on how innovative its workers can be during their
operations. While the authority of most countries spends on activities of research and
development, they have to ensure that every citizen is well alert of the innovative process to use
during their operations. Process of conducting various researches can improve the manner in
which the national government is able to attain appropriate technology that can improve
innovation processes (Gieske, Van Buuren,and Bekkers 2016). Besides, the government can
incorporate higher learning institutions in the process of research for the best ways on how to
improve their innovativeness in operations. The idea will help both learners, researchers,
together with the government to strengthen innovative capacities as they will be able to have
basic knowledge of what is needed in every operation. Additionally, government and other state
agents need to conduct extensive research on best approaches that can improve innovative ideas
in their respective regions (Begg 2018). The focuses on different ways by conducting research
form a fundamentals approach that is effective in bolstering national innovative capacities.

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Education
It is clear in most operations that the more educated individuals, as well as workforce,
could spur innovation in the economy. Education can spur innovation of a national government
in different approaches (Mohammad, Aslani, Fahimeh, and Hajari 2017). For instance, it can
help the government to ensure that every individual that enroll within a learning institution is
able to develop innovative ideas that are necessary for operations. The education spur innovative
capacities when the ideas learned are readily applied by the learners to help in improving the
operations of every company. Additionally, fostering collaboration n policy through the
education process can be of great importance as the government can pursue it in bolster
innovative capacities (Abdallah and Alshahri 2019). The collaboration of education sectors both
higher learning institutions, private enterprises, and other self-sponsored organizations can
extend to include blending of formal together with an informal understanding of innovative
progress. Appropriate government policies of education may help in connecting different
businesses, legal, science, technology, financial, and technological sectors to support innovation
at the grassroots level thus making people to have an understanding of innovation. The idea can
be essential in engaging different intermediaries as well an s knowledge brokers towards
bridging gaps that exist in an innovative sector (Kim, Hong-Gyoo Sohn, Lee, and Jong-Moon
2016). Hence, through the improvised education system as a policy, the government can be able
to bolster innovative capacities.
Policies the government could pursue to maximize the advantage of transfer of technology
presented by its inwards investor in manufacturing
Transfer of technology afforded by different shareholders in sector of manufacturing has
been found to be the major technique of creating capital for different nations. The government

Topic 4: Critical Analysis 10
can establish different policies that can help in diffusing knowledge and technological
understanding to improve business operations (Eguae-Obazee 2014). Establishment of
appropriate governmental policies can be efficient in enhancing economic growth and industrial
progress of most nations and departments that deal with manufacturing processes. The
government needs to undertake significant steps in strengthening the intellectual property
responsibilities (IPR) in order to maximize merit of transfer of technology that is afforded to a
nation by its inwards investor within the manufacturing sector. The government policies that can
help in maximizing the benefits of the technology must concentrate on regulatory convergence
and establishment of appropriate trading arrangements in addressing questions. Moreover, the
government can focus on the idea of encouraging the investment of different foreigners (Chung,
Park, Lee, and Kim 2015). Encouragement of the right foreign investment can help in improving
the establishment of other manufacturing sectors and improving the revenue that a country earns.
Besides, the government can focus on maximizing the contribution of investment to develop
advancement. The idea can be specified in the context of trade policy by encouraging the transfer
of technologies together with connections that induce economic advancements. Some of the
policies can comprise of improving benefits and costs of inward foreign direct investment (FDI)
and licensing, free access to market, establishing and encouraging rights of the establishment of
services (Abdallah and Alshahri 2019). The government can focus on policies of encouraging the
transfer of technology and improving the treatment of proprietary knowledge.
Enhancing trade policy
The government can introduce trade policy to create fair operation of manufacturing
sectors. The act needs to emphasize on the anti-competitive behavior rather than market

Topic 4: Critical Analysis 11
concentration. The government can focus on shaping the nature of rivalry law in accordance with
the technology being transferred and affordable in most operations of the company (Finster and
Hernke 2014). Besides, the government can concentrate on the idea of enhancing the promotion
of activities that deal with export to help in complementation of competitive approach. The idea
can help in curbing the financial authority of different investors around the manufacturing sector
(Pollard 2015). For such reason, monopoly regulation along with trade activities can be capable
of taking a more regulatory trait than laws of competition during the transfer of technology by
different organization in manufacturing.
Provision of license
Intellectual asset is possession that can be leveraged in several approaches by the
government to attain useful outcomes. Most transfer of technology presented by its inwards
investor in manufacturing focus on generation of revenue by licensing together with enduring
expectations of thriving exits from various corporations (Umar Haiyat, Mcmurray, and Peszynski
2017). The concern of provision can help the government to know very inward investor and
approaches that they use in their operations. Such ideas can help the government in borrowing
different ideas on how to ensure that each and every aspect of technology is used in improving
the processes of manufacturing within the community (Grabherr and Reichl 2015).
Besides,policy of provision of licensing for inward investors can help the government to
understand every type of business and technology that they use before they borrow ideas in use
to improve their quality of products. The ideas borrowed form process of processing licensing
and understanding technology that inward investors’ uses within their operations can ensure that
foreign investors are then denied the chance of bringing more competition within operations in a

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country (Abdallah and Alshahri 2019). Licensing can help the government to have full
responsibility for managing and looking at different criteria that the investors within the
manufacturing sector used to be in line with the much-needed customs of business operations.
Alignment of the mission of operations
The government has to understand that the technology transfer must be enhanced and
simplified in order to support the operations of individuals and organizations around its
boundary. The government can focus on the strategy of aligning the mission of operations of
different inward investors in manufacturing so as the investors can have a smooth operation
within the region (Connell 2014). Such idea is always vital as it ensures that every investor is
able to focus on attaining its mission of operations while at the same time they are making the
organization or the country to benefit from their operations. The alignment of mission of
different organizations by the government can improve how the region achieves the benefit of
technology. For instance, when technology pusher tries to convince scouts within a region that
they need to solve a different issue, the government must be involved so as to perform some
investigations whether the idea is right for the use of such technological concept (Asaduzzaman,
Kaivo-Oja, Stenvall, and Jusi 2016). The authority ensures that each and every agency must set
is able to set operational goals as well as metrics that are essential in providing financial
incentives for the use of technology in the manufacturing sector.
Change of regulations
It is clear that most governments are always willing to assist the organization to adopt
their inward investors in manufacturing with the aim of borrowing ideas on the maximum use of