Government/Corruption and Organization in Multinational Projects

This essay critically evaluates the relationship between government, corruption, and organizational structures within the context of multinational project management. The introduction defines project management and highlights the importance of governance in ensuring project success and mitigating corruption. The essay then explores the concepts of governance and corruption, emphasizing the need for ethical practices and strict regulations, particularly in countries like the UK, USA, and Guyana. Good governance in multinational projects is discussed, focusing on decision-making processes and resource management. The essay delves into project governance, outlining key characteristics and methodologies such as Adaptive Project Framework, Agile Software Development, and Crystal Methodology, Dynamic Systems Development Model and Extreme Programming. It also examines project management processes like initiation, planning, execution, control, and closeout. Project success is linked to effective governance, emphasizing the importance of organizational structure and risk analysis. The essay concludes by underscoring the significance of ethical communication, decision-making, and the avoidance of corruption for successful project outcomes. The essay utilizes a matrix organizational structure to demonstrate how risk analysis is easier, and there is less chance of corruption. References and a table of contents are also provided.

Running head: GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
Government/ Corruption and Organization
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note:

1
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................2
2. Governance and Corruption.........................................................................................................2
3. Good Governance........................................................................................................................3
4. Project Governance......................................................................................................................3
5. Project Success............................................................................................................................7
6. Organization and Risk Analysis..................................................................................................8
7. Other Details regarding Governance and Corruption..................................................................9
8. Conclusion...................................................................................................................................9
9. References..................................................................................................................................10

2
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
1. Introduction
Project management can be referred to as the major practice to start, plan, execute,
control and even close the team work for obtaining different goals or objectives of a project work
and fulfill the respective success criteria at a specific time period (Kerzner 2017). It becomes
possible with the proper application of governance to ensure that the project has become
successful. Moreover, corruption is avoided in the work and maximum success is gained
(Meredith, Mantel Jr and Shafer 2017). This essay provides a brief description on different
concepts and theories required for proper project management in a multinational project with
relevant details such as governance and corruption.
2. Governance and Corruption
It is needed to ensure that proper governance is being maintained in an organization, so
that it becomes easier to implement any multinational project. It not only increases the action or
manner to govern the employees and the company; but also ensures that proper outcomes are
gained in the business eventually (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). However, another vital aspect
is also being highlighted in the process, which provides dishonest or fraud conduct in the project
for own benefit. It is known as corruption and it is often noticed in the project outcome. Various
countries like the UK, USA and even Guyana country have ensured that they are eradicating
corruption with incorporation of strict laws and regulations. As a result, it is the responsibility of
the project manager to ensure that corruption is avoided in the project.
Project management is extremely vital and significant for any project since it provides
several distinct and noteworthy advantages and features (Heagney 2016). Project management is
required as it helps in ensuring that there is rigor within the architecting projects and are fitting

3
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
well in the broad context of the strategic frameworks of the client. The project objectives are
closely aligned with the strategic objectives of the business. The Guyana country has made up
strict laws and regulations for their corruption and governance. As a result, the organizations,
present in this particular country do not incur any type of complexity or issue related to
organizational performance.
3. Good Governance
A multinational project can be referred to as a significant project that has operations,
investments and subsidiaries is more than 2 countries, one of which is a multinational
corporation and the second is for involvement of more than two countries (Walker 2015). This
type of effectiveness and efficiency is also required for ensuring that good governance is
maintained in the respective project work and within the organization (Turner 2016). It is the
significant method to measure the process of public companies in different countries re
conducting public resources in the most preferred manner and also control the public resources
eventually for ensuring that the project is becoming successful in every aspect.
It is the procedure of decision making and by which decisions are deployed. The
fundamental nature of a project work is to provide the most unique product, result or service and
different projects are being differentiated from the operations and programs. The project would
deliver business or technical objectives and is made up of the most definite tasks and processes
and would be running for a specific period of time within the limited resources and budget
(Schwalbe 2015).
4. Project Governance

4
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
Project governance is the major infrastructure, which is responsible for surrounding the
project dealing with subsequent accountability. It is the basic framework to make different
decisions about the project work and also ensure corruption is avoided on a priority basis. The
main characteristics of project management that are needed to be considered in the
implementation process of a multinational project for ensuring good project governance are
provided in the following paragraphs:
i) The first and the foremost characteristic of this project governance is that it comprises
of different temporary activities, which have predetermined initiation and ending dates
(Marchewka 2016). Hence, the client gets maximum satisfaction.
ii) The second characteristic is that it utilizes restricted resources and also comprises of a
single goal or a set of different goals. These objectives are needed to be executed in the project
properly for ensuring that better efficiency is gained without much complexity.
iii) The next characteristic of project governance is that all the events are being realized
for developing a single and new output and also focuses on a strict budget (Verzuh 2015).
iv) Moreover, each and every project is assigned with a project manager, who coordinates
all vital activities in both the countries properly. As a result, the manager is able to deal with all
types of complexities and issues related to good governance.
Different methodologies or models are required for ensuring that good governance is
present in a multinational project would be effective and would provide maximum advantages.
These distinct models of the project management that provide good governance for any specific
project are described below:

5
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
i) Adaptive Project Framework: The 1s and the foremost model of project management is
adaptive project framework (Todorović et al. 2015). The scope of this project is variable in
nature. Moreover, the cost and time are considered as the major constants of the work. Hence,
while executing the project, this project scope is being adjusted for getting the most distinct
business value from the project.
ii) Agile Software Development: The second important and significant model of project
management within a multinational project is agile software development. It ensures that a
project requires extreme quickness within the respective requirements. The most significant
factors of this agile include short termed delivery cycle, dynamic culture of team, agile
requirement, lesser restrictive project control as well as focusing over real time communication.
iii) Crystal Methodology: The next important and significant model of project
management within a multinational project is crystal method. Within this crystal methodology,
the specific project procedures are provided with a low priority (Hornstein 2015). The method
would emphasize on communication of team, interaction and people management, which are
extremely important for a multinational project work. This type of crystal method comes under
the agile group.
iv) Dynamic Systems Development Model: The next vital and significant model of
project management within a multinational project is dynamic systems development model or
DSDM. It is referred to as the successor of the methodology of RAD. It is even termed as the
subset of the agile software development method and then boasts regarding training of the
method. It also emphasizes over the user involvement in the PLC.

6
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
v) Extreme Programming: Another important and significant model of project
management within a multinational project is extreme programming. After reducing the expense
of requirement change, extreme programming can ensure that the project is effective and
efficient and would increase chance for better solution (Kerzner 2019). It focuses on the fine
scale feedback, shared understanding, constant procedure as well as programmer welfare.
The main processes of project management that are required to be considered on top
priority for execution of a multinational project for proper governance are provided in the
following paragraphs:
i) Project Initiation: The first and the foremost process of project management for
execution of a multinational project is to initiate the project effectively. It is referred to as the
starting point of the project and in this particular process, every distinct activity related to the
project execution takes place (Kerzner 2018).
ii) Project Planning: When the PM team gets the step wrong, there is a high chance of
facing all types of negative consequences in all the other processes or phases of the project work
and even the project can become a failure one. The respective plan of the project is being derived
in this process and all the requirements of the project are properly addressed like timeline,
budget, scope and requirements.
iii) Project Execution: As soon as the paper work is executed, the respective team of the
PM is responsible for executing the work for successfully achieving project goals (Young 2016).
When it comes for execution, every team member carries out their own work in the provided
deadline within the respective countries for successfully executing the multinational work.

7
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
iv) Control and Validation: The fourth process is to control as well as validate the
respective project activities. The controlling could be properly done by adhering to the initial
protocols like plan, quality assurance testing plan as well as communication plan. Different
instances are also highlighted in the project and the project control becomes easier.
v) Closeout and Evaluation: The final process is to complete and evaluate the project
results, whether it has become successful or not and whether the client requirements are met or
not properly (Fleming and Koppelman 2016).
These above mentioned project processes, when executed properly, ensure that every
vital requirement of the project manager is being fulfilled within the work and he would be able
to maintain an authoritative and logical framework for decision making within project (Walker
2015). Thus, any type of fraud activity of corruption would be avoided completely.
5. Project Success
A proper governance is responsible for ensuring that the project is getting major success
with the management framework as the accountabilities associated with the business are laid
down within the arrangements. It is also helpful for them in developing the capital investments
and ensure that proper organizational structure would be responsible for making a multinational
project successful with good governance and lack of corruption. Hence, the project is able to
execute the distinct processes in a structured manner.
The main constraints of a multinational project include scope, time, quality as well as
budget and that of the secondary constraint is to properly enhance the overall allocation of every
required input and then apply them for fulfilling the previously defined objectives (Schwalbe
2015). These might be repetitive, permanent or semi-permanent in nature and develops distinct

8
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
technical skills or management strategies. These constraints should be eradicated and a proper
governance is responsible for such circumstance. As soon as the objectives of client are being
properly established, they must have an effect on all the decisions that are being made by the
other people involved within the project work. Moreover, appropriate decisions are being
undertaken by the right people, on the basis of accurate information. As a result, the governance,
ethical and cultural communication are considered on top priority for executing such
multinational projects.
6. Organization and Risk Analysis
Different organizations are able to get maximum effectiveness and efficiency in their
multinational projects by ensuring that they are following governance rules of their respective
countries. The respective project managers, designed, contractors and sub-contractors ensure that
the decisions undertaken in the project work are accurate and would be providing maximum
advantages without much complexity. A proper matrix structure of a company is also responsible
for eradicating the probable risks and threats successfully.

9
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
Figure 1: Matrix Organizational Structure
(Source: http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/management/matrix-organisational-structure/
31591)
The above provided organizational structure demonstrates about a typical chart of a
company that has to deal with a multinational project. Due to the presence of two project
managers, risk analysis process becomes easier and there is a chance of lack of corruption.
7. Other Details regarding Governance and Corruption
Governance in any particular organization is required for ensuring any type of project is
being easily executed without much complexity or issue. It enables the entire organization to
make sure that the project team is delivering the requirements and also create a forum or issue
resolution within a timely manner. Eradication of corruption is needed in such scenario and
ethical approach is maintained in the project easily. Moreover, a logical framework is made for
better decision making process in the project.
8. Conclusion
Hence, a conclusion can be drawn that governance and corruption plays one of the most
important and significant role in successful implementation of a multinational project in the most
effective and efficient manner. It helps in ensuring that good governance is required for any
project work and also make sure that the project work is absolutely free from corruption and
would be gaining maximum success easily. The above provided essay has clearly outlined a
detailed analysis of governance application for a multinational project with relevant description.

10
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
9. References
Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management.
Project Management Institute.
Heagney, J., 2016. Fundamentals of project management. Amacom.
Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change
management is now a necessity. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.291-
298.
Kerzner, H., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and
controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Kerzner, H., 2018. Project management best practices: Achieving global excellence. John Wiley
& Sons.
Kerzner, H., 2019. Using the project management maturity model: strategic planning for project
management. John Wiley & Sons.
Marchewka, J.T., 2016. Information technology project management: Providing measurable
organizational value. John Wiley & Sons.
Meredith, J.R., Mantel Jr, S.J. and Shafer, S.M., 2017. Project management: a managerial
approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Schwalbe, K., 2015. Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.
Todorović, M.L., Petrović, D.Č., Mihić, M.M., Obradović, V.L. and Bushuyev, S.D., 2015.
Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in project
management. International Journal of Project Management, 33(4), pp.772-783.

11
GOVERNMENT/ CORRUPTION AND ORGANIZATION
Turner, R., 2016. Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.
Verzuh, E., 2015. The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Walker, A., 2015. Project management in construction. John Wiley & Sons.
Young, T.L., 2016. Successful project management. Kogan Page Publishers.