Analysis of GPS Systems in Data Communication and Network Routing

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DATA COMMUNICATION
AND NETWORK ROUTING

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Discussion and investigation...........................................................................................................8
Evaluation......................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................14

List of figures
Figure 1: Data communication and network routing.......................................................................4
Figure 2: GPS..................................................................................................................................5
Figure 3: Fundamentals of GPS system...........................................................................................7
Figure 4: Working principle of GPS network..................................................................................8
Figure 5: GPS in Radars..................................................................................................................9
Figure 6: Fleet tracking..................................................................................................................10
Figure 7: Road traffic navigation...................................................................................................11
List of table
Table 2: Table for evaluation of information and contents...........................................................13

Introduction
Data communication and network routing are one of the important key factors for the
advancement and development of today’s communication channels as well as technologies
which are in use currently in millions of devices, companies, business, and many others. The
interconnection between multiple computer and systems along with their peripherals is called
“Network” and the sharing of information and data between different devices over the
interconnected network either through a wireless or wired connection is called “Data sharing”.
Different technologies and methods are developed which are playing an important role in the
field of data sharing and network routing such as satellite, GPS, mobile technology, etc. to
design effective network to increase the efficiency of networking and to reduce overall costing
for the network routing (Miyamura et al. 2018).
Figure 1: Data communication and network routing
(Source: FS, 2017)
Here in this report, we have selected one of the technologies named “GPS” to understand and
enhance the knowledge related to the GPS system and their usage in data communication &
network routing.

Global Positioning System: It is also referred to as a GPS system which is a global positioning
system with the help of radio waves to provide a three-dimensional image of an object with
reference to time. It helps to locate the position of an object on the earth. In the ancient time,
starts were used for the identification of direction and location by the travelers and sailors but
with the advancement of new technologies made a revolutionary change and replace the old
method of identification for the location with the help start with the new advanced GPS system.
In the present world, GPS is used everywhere such as ships, aircraft, jets, vehicles, mobile
devices, etc. due to which it becomes an important part of our daily life (Sah, 2017).
Figure 2: GPS
(Source: Calandrelli, 2016)

GPS system helps in the accurate measurement for the speed, position, pattern of movement of
an object. As a result, effective and accurate identification of the physical position of an object is
possible from anywhere and at any time (Cummins et al. 2013).
Fundamentals of GPS system: The overall operation of GPS system are divided into three parts
for the effective and accurate measurement as well as positioning of an object and all these three
parts are called “Segments” of a GPS system. The three different parts of the GPS system are as
follow:
1. User segment: It consists of all the devices and objects which are receiving multiple
signals from the satellites and use those received signals for the required purpose.
2. Space segment: It consists of different satellites which are revolving around the earth at
the height of approx. 12,500 miles above the earth surface.
3. Control segment: It consists of the main control system for all the operations of the GPS
system.
An example of fundamentals for the operation of a GPS system is shown below:

Figure 3: Fundamentals of GPS system
(Source: 8051projects, 2013)
Networking principle of GPS system: In the GPS system, all the satellites revolving around the
earth continuously broadcast their time and current location in the form of radio waves with a
speed of light i.e. 186,000 miles/sec and wavelength of 1,575.42 MHz for L1, 1,227.60 MHz for
L2 and 1,176.45 MHz for L3. Once these signals are received by the receiver and devices with
GPS receiver, the calculation is done on each of the received signals from different satellites on
the basis of “Isaac Newton’s law”. The principle of calculation is given below:
Velocity x Time = Distance
Once the distance of different satellites is calculated, the receiver uses triangulation for the
calculation of position for the object.

Figure 4: Working principle of GPS network
(Source: The Science Geek, 2017)

Discussion and investigation
Nowadays, the GPS system is used in each and every field and in multiple devices for multiple
purposes. It is free and accessible by each and every one with the GPS inbuilt devices for easy
navigation and also helps in security purposes such as military applications, radars, and
surveillance activities. Some of the applications of the GPS system are as follow:
 Radars: All the radars used in various military activities have an inbuilt GPS system to
help with better understanding and calculation of position and velocity of an object and
keep monitoring on various activities during the war. Installation of GPS system has
various benefits in radar such as alerts from a speed camera, very low-speed muting and
lockouts of GPS.
Figure 5: GPS in Radars
 Fleet tracking: With the help of GPS, identification and maintenance of location contact
continuously with multiple vehicles at the same time become possible.

Figure 6: Fleet tracking
 Robotics: GPS system plays an important role in the field of robotics and helps in easy
navigation of robots with the help of sensors to calculate, position, time and speed of
different objects as well as the devices itself.
 Automated vehicles: Different automated vehicles such as cars and trucks and be routed
from one place to another with the help of the GPS system and routes identify on the GPS
system without any driver.
 Road traffic navigation: In the current traffic control system, GPS plays significant role
for the monitoring of vehicles running in the city on the real-time basis and helps to
provide various information of the running vehicles such as speed, location, etc. and also
help in management of traffic in different areas (Song et al. 2017).

Figure 7: Road traffic navigation
 Tectonics: It is a type of device used for the measurements of the movement of earth
surface and plates with the help of GPS which results in the identification of various
hazards such as earthquake before the occurrence of the hazard (McCaffrey et al. 2013).
Weakness/drawbacks of the GPS system: All the applications help in the easy and smooth
working of a human being along with the management of various activities as well as protection
from multiple hazards. It becomes an important part of our day to day activities as well as works
still have some weakness which has multiple impacts on various areas (Goodman, 2019). Some
of the major weakness/drawbacks of the GPS system are as follow:
 Privacy issues: It can be used to track all the activities and location of an individual
without his/her knowledge and may help in criminal activities against an individual.
 Distraction while driving: It helps in route finding while driving but also produces
unwanted distraction such as audio guidance for the route, unwanted information about
the nearby traffic, etc. which may results in a severer accident due to the deviation of
driver’s concentration while driving.
 System trouble: System might stop working suddenly due to the failure of signals,
unavailability of networks and others resulting in major trouble in between important
work and actions.

 Inaccuracy: For the accurate calculation of position for an object, the device must have
signals from multiple satellites but in case of the signal from single or two satellite,
accurate information cannot be calculated resulting in inaccurate information about the
object.
 Lack of local information: GPS system failed to detect local information in the dense
areas and unable to provide information about the surroundings of an object.