Ethnic Identity Stability: 2001-2011 in England & Wales

The provided sources offer a multidisciplinary perspective on sociological trends and public policy issues within the UK. Simpson et al.'s (2016) study investigates ethnic identity stability over a decade, providing insights into how demographic shifts and social interactions influence self-identification among different ethnic groups in England and Wales. Meanwhile, Taylor-Gooby and Waite (2014) explore the trajectory of multiculturalism policies, emphasizing a shift towards more pragmatic approaches as the UK policy community grapples with integrating diverse populations while addressing socio-economic challenges. The evolving landscape of graduate employability is scrutinized by Tomlinson (2012), who examines both conceptual frameworks and empirical data to understand better how higher education translates into career readiness. These works collectively highlight significant social research themes, including identity formation, policy adaptation in multicultural societies, and the transition from academia to employment.

Running head: CULTURAL IDENTITY AMONG YOUTH
CULTURAL IDENTITY AMONG YOUTH
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Executive Summary
The research takes into account the effect of the cultural identity of the youth on the education
employment and the social interaction. The different factors are analyzed taking into account the
psychological and sociological development of the youth in the society. the different issues in the
society affecting the youth such as discrimination, alienation and ethnic identity issues are taken
into consideration in this case. The interdependence of the factors on each other leading to a
number of problems in the society are also analyzed in the research. This research is based on the
secondary data from the different sources to understand the effect of these factors on the general
youth. The research finds that a number of factors affect the ethnic identity of the youth, which
in turn affects their psycho-sociological interactions and behavior.

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Table of Contents
1) Introduction.................................................................................................................................4
1.1) Research aim........................................................................................................................4
1.2) Research objective................................................................................................................4
1.3) Research questions...............................................................................................................5
1.4) Background..........................................................................................................................5
1.5) Rationale...............................................................................................................................6
1.6) Purpose.................................................................................................................................6
1.7) Structure...............................................................................................................................6
2.1) Conceptual Framework........................................................................................................8
2.2) Cultural Identity...................................................................................................................9
2.3) Cultural Identity and Education in UK..............................................................................10
2.4) Cultural Identity and Employment.....................................................................................11
2.5) Cultural Identity and Social issues.....................................................................................13
2.6) Ethno-Cultural Disparity....................................................................................................14
2.7) Cultural Effect of Social Media Use..................................................................................15
3.) Research Methodology.............................................................................................................17
3.1) Method Outline...................................................................................................................17
3.2) Research Onion..................................................................................................................17
3.2) Research Philosophy..........................................................................................................18
3.2.1) Justification of the Philosophy....................................................................................19
3.3) Research Approach.............................................................................................................19
3.3.1) Justification of Approach............................................................................................19
3.4) Research Design.................................................................................................................20
3.4.1) Justification of Chosen Design....................................................................................20
3.5) Data Collection Procedure..................................................................................................20
3.5.1) Data Source Techniques: Secondary Data.................................................................20
3.6) Population and Sample.......................................................................................................21
3.7) Ethical Consideration.........................................................................................................21
3.8) Research Limitations..........................................................................................................22

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3.9) Time Horizon.........................................................................................................................23
4.) Data Analysis Findings and Interpretation...............................................................................24
4.1) Analysis of Education........................................................................................................24
4.2) Analysis of Youth and Employment..................................................................................25
4.3) Analysis of Youth and Social Interactions.........................................................................28
4.4) Analysis and Results..........................................................................................................30
5.) Conclusion...............................................................................................................................32
5.1) Recommendation................................................................................................................33
5.2) Scope..................................................................................................................................33
References......................................................................................................................................35

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1) Introduction
The growth of the multicultural society has led to a cultural identity crisis among the
youth of United Kingdom. This has given rise to a number of psychological issues affecting their
education, employment and the social interactions. The ethnic or the cultural identity of an
individual is their identification of self with the society they live in (Noelsand Clément2015).
The identification of the self in the society by the youth of UK helps in their cultural
identification. The growth of the multicultural society in the present scenario has made it
exceedingly difficult for the youth to identify with a singular set of cultural and ethnic values.
The changing patterns of the psychological development among the youth along with their daily
problems related to the socio-cultural scenario in the present situation of UK has led to problems
in the society (Taylor‐Gooby and Waite 2014). The amalgamation of the different cultures has
also caused a number of cultural conflicts in the society.
1.1) Research aim
The research aims to find the impact of the cultural identity of the individual on his
education jobs and social interaction in UK.
1.2) Research objective
The objective of the research is to show the different issues that affect the psychology
and their cultural identity in UK. The objectives of research are:
 The understanding of the cultural identity issues among the youth.
 The causes of these identity issues affecting the youth.
 The effect cultural identity problems have on the education employment and the social
interactions of the youth.

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1.3) Research questions
The different research questions to be pondered upon in this scenario are:
1. What are the different issues that lead to cultural identity issue among the youth?
2. What are socio-political scenarios leading to these issues?
3. What are the effects that these issues have on an individual?
1.4) Background
The study focuses on the different issues the youth in the English society face due to the
different scenarios they face in their daily life. The problems faced by the people of the different
ethnic backgrounds are one of the major reasons of the development of the cultural identity
problems among the youth of UK (Gibson 2015). The youth in the UK society face a moral and
ethical dilemma of the mixing of the culture and this cultural clash leads to a number of issues
and affects their social interactions in the society.
There are a number of issues such as cultural clashes and violence, which is on the rise in
the UK is on the rise and the prime reason of the issue can be attributed to the cultural clash. The
cultural identity issues arise out of the issue of multiculturalism in the society but the education
and the overall employment issues play a major part in the issue (FrujaAmthor and Roxas2016).
The lack of employment in certain cultural classes makes them feel out of place. In some cases
of immigrants, the difference between the environment at home and the society leads to the
problems faced by the society. The difference between the social scenario and the environment
hat home leads to identity clash among the youth.

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1.5) Rationale
This topic is one of the major rising issues in the contemporary UK society after
globalization and the history of UK of multiculturalism in the present society. The rise of
multicultural society leads to cultural identity clash among the youth leading to the rise of
discontent among the youth of UK. The socio-political scenario after the Brexitin UK is also
causing a number of issues as the youth are more concerned over their future in the long-term
scenario. The psychological well being of the youth is extremely important for the growth and
development of the country and often leads to a number of issues in the society.
1.6) Purpose
The purpose of the study to understand and analyze the different situational scenarios that
have caused the cultural identity issues among the children and the youth of UK. The effect of
the cultural identity issues lead to a number of problems for them making them more and more
confused affecting their growth (Smith-Lovin and Heise 2016). The study of the cultural identity
issues on the development of the children along with its effect on the education, employment and
social interaction will help in the understanding of the overall scenario. The mitigation of these
issues after their proper understanding is extremely important for the development of the
sustainable society in UK.
1.7) Structure
The report will follow the following structure:
 Introduction: It will include the basic information about the topic and the issue which is
to be researched. The research topics and the objectives of the research along with the

7CULTURAL IDENTITY AMONG YOUTH
questions to be answered in the research are included in the introduction. The background
of the study and the cause of choosing the topic is included in this topic.
 Literature Review: it includes the notable and significant research works related to the
topic done previously on the topic. The literature includes a number of articles and books
related to the topic. The overall scenario of the situation and the information gained from
the articles paves the way of the research work to be done.
 Research Methodology: it includes all the methods of research to be used in formatting
andpresenting the data of the research. The methodology of the research includes a
number of issues such as the inclusion of the philosophy of the research and giving an
idea of the methodologies to be followed in the research. It will also include the type of
data used in the research.
 Data Analysis and Interpretations: In this chapter the data collected in the research
from the various sources are analyzed the interpreted to come to a possible conclusion
about the research. The use of the data analysis and the interpretation methodologies will
be included giving an overall idea of the research. The data analysis and the different
problems that the interpretations may have are also enumerated.
 Conclusion: In this topic, the overall research will be concluded giving an outline and
the idea that is gathered from the research. The overall cause of the issue is presented and
possible recommendations are included for its mitigation. It will also include the
drawbacks of the research and the possible topics to be researched on further to
understand the problem better.

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2.) Literature Review
The cultural and ethical diversities in the different countries affect their overall growth
and the interaction of the society among itself. The change and development that the society of
Britain has undergone, after the globalization is causing a number of problems among the British
youth. The youth are generally discontent over a number of issues that have presented
themselves in the current scenario (Smith-Lovin and Heise2016). The lack of opportunities in the
education and employment has caused the youth to be generally discontent with the situation.
2.1) Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework helps in the identification of the key theories to be kept in
mind while doing the research. This research will be based on the social identity theory (SIT) of
the youth. It will evaluate the effect of the identification of a youth with a certain culture or
group and its effect on the education, employment and the social interactions. The effect of these
experiences in molding the life of the youth is also studied.
Figure: Conceptual Framework
(Source: Self)

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2.2) Cultural Identity
The cultural identity is identification of the individual as self with a group ethnicity or
religion in the society. The cultural identity of individual helps them to ascribe to a set of norms
in the society. According to Jenkins (2014), the choice of the person to agree or disagree to a
situation or the ideologies of a group. The cultural identity helps the youth to understand their
social position in the society and develop their ideologies. The Social Identity Theory further
explains that the identification of an individual with a society is counter dependent. When an
individual identifies oneself with the society, they tend to absorb and ascertain to the laws and
norms of the society they ascribe to. The cultural identity crisis comes into play mainly when the
multiculturalism seeps in the society and all the behaviors are considered valid blurring the lines
of right and wrong in the society.
There are a number of issues to be heeded on, as the cultural identity crisis of the youth is
the psychological issue faced by a number of youth I the society. The different problems arising
out of the cultural identity crisis in the society is because of the fact that the youth tend to be
loyal to a certain set of ideals and when they see a discrepancy between their ideals and the
ideals in the society, it confuses them and they tend to have depressive or violent symptoms
(Jivraj and Simpson 2015). The cultural identity of a youth is nurtured by both the society and
the bringing up the family gives them. The cultural and the ethical issues are often in clash when
the education at home and the society varies. Most youth face an issue when the people in the
society identify them as others in the society depending on their ethnicity, race or religion, not
assuring whether they ascribe to it or not. In most of the situations this problem leads to a
number of issues as the discriminations that the youth undergoes.

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According to Hammack (2008), in a completely alienated environment the people relate
more on the geographical proximity than the British culture. For example, the people from Israel
and Palestine feel closer to each other than to the British culture to the geographical and the
cultural proximity they live in. This ideology delves from the social identity theory where the
youth subconsciously choose to interact with the people closer to the culture at their home than
the society they seek refuge in. another major issue that the immigrant youth face is the
discrimination in the UK society which affects their social interaction patterns and affects their
psyche. On the other hand, the British youth see the immigrant youth as the others in their
society, further aggravating the discrimination in the society.
2.3) Cultural Identity and Education in UK
The overall situation in UK is changing because of the socio cultural changes that the
society has under gone in the recent times. The changing scenario in the society makes the youth
exceedingly dependent on the social interactive patterns and the current multicultural scenario
leads to the psychological issues among the youth. The mindset of the current youth is more
dependent on the scenarios they see in the media and the cultural identity is dependent on the
information collected from these sources. According to Altugan(2015), most teachers see a
general trend of lack of understanding among the children of different cultural background
because of the cultural identity issues between the teacher and the student. The cultural identities
of the students go the through acculturation and enculturation leading to a number of issues in
the mindset of the youth. The process of acculturation and enculturation are often tends to take a
psychological toll on the youth leading to a number of psychological dilemmas among them
regarding the identification of themselves in the society. Moreover, the cultural habit of the

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children varies with the social interactions they have in the learning environment and their rising
acquaintance with the various cultures in the society.
The overall socio-cultural development of the psyche of the youth is dependent on their
interactions in the society. The interaction of the UK youth is not limited to a certain group or
genre in the society but has relatively larger Diaspora. The variety of the cultures that inhabit the
UK lead to the cultural clash among the groups and the psyche of the youth are greatly affected
by these cultural issues in the society. most importantly the youth who identify themselves as the
citizens of Britain and are from immigrant families face these issues as they identify themselves
as the British and their families identify themselves with the countries they are originally from.
The mix of the cultural interactions at home and in the social environment causes a cultural
dilemma in the youth leading to a number of problems.
Racial discrimination and the victimization is another issue faced by the youth in UK,
which affects their education in the society. According to Peguero (2011), the victimization of
the ethnic minorities like the Africans and the Latin Americans show larger amount of drop rate
from the schools in the US. The case can stand true for the British society as well because the
practice of racial discrimination is quite rampant in the UK society.
2.4) Cultural Identity and Employment
The cultural identity of the youth and the employment of the youth plays an important
factor in the cognition and perception of the youth in the environment. The issues that the youth
face in a multicultural environment are the employability of the youth in different cultural
environments in the society. As pointed out by Rivera (2012), the cultural fit and the cultural
similarities have been taken into account by a number of employers while hiring a number of