Comprehensive Report: Graphics, Computer Graphics, and Systems on Chip

This report provides a comprehensive overview of computer graphics and systems on chip (SoC). It begins by defining graphics and computer graphics, differentiating between raster and vector graphics, and discussing the evolution of computer graphics, including their applications in business, advertising, film, education, and politics. The report then delves into systems on chip (SoC), explaining their architecture, types (microcontroller-based, processor-based, and application-specific), and design flow. The report highlights the integration of various components into a single chip, emphasizing the benefits of reduced power consumption and size. A SWOT analysis is also included to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the technology. The report incorporates various sources to provide a well-rounded understanding of the subject matter.

SEMICONDUCTOR THEORY
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Graphics
Graphics refer to any visual images or designs that are placed on some surface meant for the
purposes of information, illustration or entertainment. In contemporary application, it
encompasses pictorial data representation as for the case of computer-aided design and
manufactures, graphic arts as well as in recreational and education software. Computer graphics
are images that have been generated using computers and include such things as diagrams,
photographs numbers, drawings, symbols, geometric designs, typography, graphs and
engineering drawings alongside maps and other drawings. Graphics are often a combination of
color, text as well as illustration (Burns, 2016).
Graphic design may be composed of wishful selection, generation and arrangement of just the
typography as seen in flyer, website, brochure, and poster or in book materials. Clarify or
effective communication may be the main driver of the design for a given graphics and May
sought an association with other elements of culture or could be just out of an imagination of
distinctive creativity (Burns & Dewhurst, 2016). Graphics may serve to be artistic or functional
where the functional ones may be in recorded versions for example photograph or could be in the
form of an interpretation by a scientist aimed at outlining important features or an artist where
the distinction with imaginary graphics may turn blurred. It may also be used for architectural
purposes.
Computer Graphics
There exist two different types of computer graphics: raster graphics and vector graphics. Raster
graphics are graphics in which every pixel is defined separately as in the case of a digital camera
while a vector graphics are those graphics in which mathematical formulae have been adopted in

the drawing of the lines and shapes which are thereafter interpreted at the end of the viewer to
generate the graphic. The use of vectors leads to infinitely sharp graphics and mostly smaller
files (Ervin, 2016).
The initial computer-driven display in 1950 was linked to the Whirlwind I of an MIT computer
to produce simple pictures; which was then followed by a TX-0 and TX-2 of MIT, interactive
computer using that enhanced interest in computer graphics late during the year. The sketchpad
was invented in 1962 which was an innovative program that had an influenced on the alternative
interaction forms with computers (Evans, 2015). Greater research work in computer graphics
started in the middle of 1960 at MIT, Bell Labs, General Motors as well as Lockheed
Corporation. It was during then that an advanced complier language was developed for
programming of graphics. Still, during then, work began on sculptured surfaces.
With time, personal computers gained more power and thus becoming more powerful. These
computers were able to draw both the basic and complex shapes as well as perform design work.
The personal computer was then perceived as a serious tool by artists and graphic designers that
could be used in time-saving and coming up with more accurate drawings as compared to the
other methods (Ferrante et al., 2017). Further developments brought in 3D computer graphics
into the mix using powerful SGU computers which were later used in the creation of some of the
initial fully computer generated short films at Pixar. One of the most popular computer graphic
tools in the design of graphics in studios and in businesses is Macintosh.
The modern computer adopts a graphical user interface, GUI, in the presentation of data and
information using symbols, pictures as well as colors as opposed to text. Graphics forms one of
the five main elements of multimedia technology. 3D graphics gained more popularity in the late

20th century in multimedia, animation, and gaming. One of the first entirely 3D games was
released in 1996, at the same time of the release of the first full-length computer-generated
animation film. Following these developments and thereafter, computer graphics have managed
to gain more accuracy and higher levels of details owing to more advanced computers as well as
better 3D modeling software applications including Studio Max, Maya as well as Cinema 4D
(Ferreira & Pinheiro, 2018).
Screensavers is another application of computer graphics, which was initially intended to inhibit
the layout of the widely used GUIs from exploding into a computer screen. Since then, they have
evolved into actual pieces of art, with their practical purposes becoming obsolete.
Web graphics
With the introduction of web graphics, there was experienced an increase in the speeds of the
internet and the browses of the internet gained more capability of viewing more images that were
released. The websites started using GIF format in the display of small graphics including
banners, navigation buttons as well as advertisements on web pages. The modern web pages are
capable of displaying JPEG, PNG as well as SVG images in an increasing trend besides the GIFs
on the various web pages.
It is possible to make modern web graphics using such software as Adobe Photoshop, Corel
Paint Shop Pro or even GIMP. The users of Microsoft have the option of using MS Paint which
could be found to be missing in some of the characteristics. This is due to the fact that MS Paint
is more of a drawing package as opposed to a graphics package (Hester, 2017).

Uses of Graphics
Business: Graphics are normally utilized in business and financial matters to make money related
graphs and tables. The term Business Graphics was adopted into utilization in the late 1970s
when PCs ended up equipped for drawing diagrams and outlines as opposed to utilizing a
forbidden organization. Business Graphics can be utilized to feature changes over some
undefined time frame (Hu, Sha, Zhang & Chen, 2018).
Advertising: Advertising is a standout amongst the most gainful employment of illustrations;
craftsmen frequently do publicize work or consider publicizing potential while making
workmanship, to expand the odds of offering the fine art. In particular, illustrations give a decent
look to work of art at whatever point it is connected. Illustrations add to the general standpoint of
a composed craftsmanship, this thus draws intrigued individuals from people, in general, to take
a gander at crafted by workmanship or obtaining it (Hutchinson, 2017). Any graphical work
(particularly advertisement) or any masterpiece that is inadequately configuration won't influence
the group of onlookers. Consequently, for a promotion to influence and persuade perusers or
watchers, it must be very much composed with required graphical apparatuses in order to convey
benefit to the architect or publicist.
Film and Animation: PC designs are frequently utilized in the lion's share of new element films,
particularly those with an expansive spending plan
Education: Designs are vigorously utilized in course books, particularly those concerning
subjects, for example, geology, science, and arithmetic, with a specific end goal to represent
hypotheses and ideas, for example, the human life structures. Charts are additionally used to
name photos and pictures (Johnson & Rohrer, 2018).

Instructive activity is a vital rising field of illustrations. Energized illustrations have evident focal
points over static designs while clarifying a topic that progression after some time.
Political: The utilization of illustrations for unmistakably political purposes—kid's shows, spray
painting, publication craftsmanship, signal plan, and so on.— is a centuries-old practice which
flourishes today in all aspects of the world. The Northern Irish wall paintings are one such model
(Kassicieh & Jordan, 2015).
Systems on Chips
A system on a chip or system on chip (SoC) is a coordinated circuit (otherwise called a "chip")
that incorporates all segments of a PC or other electronic framework. These segments regularly
incorporate a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/yield ports and auxiliary stockpiling
– all on a solitary substrate. It might contain advanced, simple, blended flag, and frequently
radio-recurrence flag preparing capacities, contingent upon the application. As they are
coordinated on a solitary electronic substrate, SoCs expend substantially less power and take up
significantly less region than multi-chip plans with proportionate usefulness. Along these lines,
SoCs are extremely basic in the versatile figuring and edge processing markets. Frameworks on
the chip are generally connected in the territories of inserted frameworks and the Internet of
Things (Lipman & Ashlock, 2015).
Frameworks on Chip are as opposed to the normal conventional motherboard-based PC
engineering, which isolates segments in view of capacity and associates them through a focal
interfacing circuit board, so-named a "mother board". While a motherboard houses and
associates separable or replaceable segments, for example, a CPU, designs and memory
interfaces, hard-circle and USB availability, recollections (both irregular access and read just)

and auxiliary stockpiling; SoCs incorporate these segments into a solitary coordinated circuit, as
though every one of these capacities were incorporated with the motherboard (Lock, 2017).
All the more firmly coordinated equipment plans enhance execution and diminish control
utilization and semiconductor kick the bucket zone required for a proportionate outline at the
expense of lessened measured quality and replaceability of segments. By definition, SoC outlines
are completely or almost completely incorporated crosswise over various segments. Hence, there
has been a general pattern towards more tightly combination of segments in the PC equipment
industry, to a limited extent because of the impact of SoCs and exercises gained from the
versatile and inserted registering markets (Macaulay, 2018). Frameworks on Chip can likewise
be seen as a major aspect of a bigger pattern towards installed processing and equipment
increasing speed.
A SoC incorporates a microcontroller or microchip with cutting edge peripherals like
illustrations preparing unit (GPU), Wi-Fi module, or coprocessor. Like how a microcontroller
incorporates a microchip with fringe circuits and memory, a SoC can be viewed as coordinating
a microcontroller with such propelled peripherals (Maresch, Harms, Kailer & Wimmer-Wurm,
2016).
All in all, there exist three recognizable sorts of SoCs: SoCs worked around a microcontroller;
SoCs worked around a chip, regularly found in cell phones; and concentrated SoCs intended for
particular applications that don't fit into the over two classes. A different classification might be
programmable frameworks on-chip (PSoC), where a portion of the interior components can be
reprogrammable in a way undifferentiated from a field-programmable door cluster (FPGA) or a
complex programmable rationale gadget (CPLD)

Microcontroller based-system on a chip
The design flow of a system on chip
A framework on chip comprises of both the equipment, portrayed above and the software
controlling the microcontroller, microchip or advanced flag processor centers, peripherals, and
interfaces. The plan stream for a SoC intends to build up this equipment and programming in the
meantime.
Most SoCs are created from pre-qualified equipment segment determinations for the equipment
components or "squares" depicted above, together with programming gadget drivers that may
control their activity. Of specific significance are the convention stacks that drive industry-
standard interfaces like USB. The equipment squares are assembled utilizing PC supported
outline devices (see electronic plan mechanization); the product modules are incorporated
utilizing a product advancement condition (McKeever, 2016).

Once the design of the SoC has been characterized, any new equipment components are
composed in a unique equipment depiction dialect named enrol exchange level (RTL) which
characterizes the circuit conduct. These components are associated together in the equipment
depiction dialect to make the full SoC outline. The rationale determined to associate these
segments is called stick rationale.
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Knowledge: The competitors if the company is really striving hard to gain a greater and more
knowledge of the customers or the market base of its existence. But the company has adequate
knowledge of the systems, data management, programming as well as networks.
Relationship selling: The Company has the knowledge of each of the customers one by one
making it able to meet the specific needs of each customer depending on their preferences.
History: The Company has been known for every good product in the major towns since time
memorial. This has enabled it to attribute the loyalty of the numerous customers as well as the
vendors who find it necessary to buy with the company (McKenzie & Sansone, 2017). The
company is known for trading in genuine products and spare parts, hence offering a guarantee to
the customers of the value of their money. Instead of complaints, customers return compliments
to the company following their experience with any of the products bought.
Robust Distribution Network: The Company ensures the availability of its products to
individuals spread across the vast geographic region through the largest distribution network of
the world. Its ability to make use of company-owned or controlled distributors alongside

independent wholesaler as well as retailers does not have a parallel. This gives the management
an opportunity to effectively manage the costs, swiftly introduced new products into the market
besides saturating the different geographical locations (Nicholas & Steyn, 2017). Still, its
substantial network enables an enhanced quality control level as well as the safety of its products
and services. Such a stable distribution platform has been on the expansion trend for the past few
years as the company looks out to reach to new customers that are located in the remote regions.
Such diverse operations have helped market presence, deliveries, volumes as well as the
introduction of products as the crucial span.
Weaknesses
Brand power: The Company is unable to fairly compete and match the full page advertising that
is done by the competitions in the Sunday paper. The company suffers lack of a national brand
name thereby making identification a challenge. While most of the customers are informed of the
existence of the company, they suffer setbacks when it comes to making reference to the
company with regard to the brand name.
Opportunities
Training: The major available stores do not offer training to their employees and staff, leaving
them to lag behind with regard to the updates and new developments in terms of marketing and
product management. As systems gain higher levels of complexity, the demand for training gains
moment.
Service: The target market for the products of the company requires more services. This is
cannot easily be attained by the competitors of the company hence giving the company an upper

hand of dominating the market segment. An improvement in the service delivery would see the
company attract an even larger market base that would see an upsurge in the volumes of sales.
Threats
The greater-price oriented store: This is one of the main competitors of the company which tends
to; using its tactics, divert the customers to their premises. Being price oriented, the store
controls the market by playing around with the prices of the products. When announcement or
advertisements are made by the store in the local dailies regarding reduction in the prices of the
commodities, a significant number of the customers are swayed and even the loyal ones tend to
think the company is no longer offering them with good value for their money. This raises a lot
of doubt among the customers that end up even completely cutting the link between the company
and some of the customers
The computer as a tool: A good number of the customer engages in volume buying of the
computers as products inside boxes. This creates a feeling among the customers that they need
less of our services as our services are not sold in volumes. This again shoots an advantage to the
larger price oriented shop as their offer would tend to be more attracuive and easily convincing
to the customers.
Market Analysis
ASC will mainly be targeting the small sized to medium sized companies as well as the range of
customers spread over the vast geographical region around the world. It would be offering
services both to the companies and individual persons, both on retail and wholesale terms.

Market Segmentation Strategy
ASC has three main groups of customers for which concentration will be given:
 Individual customers: Customers transaction on individual basis and not as a company
 Small-sized companies: These would involve companies with less than 100 employees
and thus small store outlets
 Medium-sized companies: Companies having between 100 and 200 employees and hence
relatively more stores as compared to the small-sized companies.
Market Analysis pie
MARKET ANALYSIS
Dec 2018 June 2019 Dec 2019
Potential
Customers
Growth
Individual
Customers
7% 452 548 698
Small Companies 10% 568 615 750
Medium
companies
9% 687 789 989
Total 13.35% 1707 1952 2437