Final Report on Green Wireless Communication and Energy Savings

This final report delves into the realm of green wireless communication, examining its principles, advantages, and challenges. The report highlights the motivation for adopting green communication, emphasizing its role in improving energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of wireless networks. It explores the use of renewable energy sources, green technologies, and techniques like device-to-device communication and heterogeneous networks. The report also discusses the challenges associated with implementing green wireless communication, such as cost, spectrum limitations, and bandwidth constraints, while comparing it with traditional communication methods. The advantages of green wireless communication are emphasized, including reduced carbon footprint and operational cost savings. The report concludes by suggesting areas for future development, aiming to promote sustainable and efficient wireless communication practices. This report is contributed by a student to be published on Desklib, a platform which provides all the necessary AI based study tools for students.

1. Final Report
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2. ABSTRACT
There are some fields which are hot topics and interested areas and their detailed analysis give
some positive outcomes. Renewable energy and reasons of using it is one of the main hot topic
these type of energies are creating both threats and opportunities for wireless communication. In
this final research report, it focuses on the existing detailed analysis as well as principles,
relevant to green wireless network or communication. It also shows motivations or reasons of
using this topic or generating ideas as it can help in understanding the use of renewable energy in
the wireless communication. It is all related to green energy and metrics for effectiveness. It also
gives overview, advantages, disadvantages and overall outcomes which helps in knowing the
actual reason of implementing green wireless communication.
Keywords: Renewable energy, Wireless communication, Base station, green technologies and
energy efficiency.
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3. Contents
2. ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................2
Final Report.....................................................................................................................................4
4. Introduction..................................................................................................................................4
4.1 Motivation of the problem.....................................................................................................4
4.2 Importance.............................................................................................................................4
5. Preliminaries................................................................................................................................5
5.1 Project background................................................................................................................5
5.2 Techniques used in green wireless communication...............................................................6
5.3 Challenges..............................................................................................................................7
6. Background..................................................................................................................................7
6.1 Challenges with green communication..................................................................................7
6.2 Challenges with traditional communication..........................................................................8
7.1 Advantages of green communication....................................................................................9
7.2 Reasons of application.........................................................................................................10
Suggestions for future development..............................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
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Final Report
4. Introduction
4.1 Motivation of the problem
In the context of telecommunication usage it can be said that it is increasing day by day
with the growing population and it will continue to grow in upcoming years in the field of
wireless communication. But it can be said that increasing usage of telecommunication can hurt
environment to the great extent. So this idea of green wireless communication has been selected.
As compared to existing communication or telecommunication, this wireless communication has
fewer negative impacts on the environment (Zarakovitis, Ni and Spiliotis, 2016). It is the novel
solution to improve energy efficiency of wireless application. Around 3% of the worldwide
energy production is consumed by the information and communication technology infrastructure
is causing around 2% of the worldwide CO2 emission. The main challenge found with this
communication lowering energy consumption of future wireless radio system is currently. Other
main reason of selecting this idea is this green communication saves up to 18.84% for a single
base station. As compare to existing communication networks, this green wireless
communication improves energy efficiency of hardware components and also reduces carbon
footprint within network system.
4.2 Importance
Green communication among wireless networks such as information sharing, routine
adaption, and energy awareness enable providing potential benefits for balancing resource usage.
So, it saves energy of wireless network. Other main importance of green wireless communication
is it connects global population without hurting and affecting environment. It is one of the best
practices of selecting energy efficient communications by minimizing resources used whenever
required and possible. In addition, it can also be said that integration of green energy into
different wireless mobile network, service provider can save power consumption which can
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reduce Co2 emission which is good for environment and people as well. It is claimed by some
people that CO2 emission will increase by 2020 and 2021 to the great extent and for reducing
negative impacts on environment, some advanced physical layer techniques such as multiple-
input multiple-output, cognitive radio, network coding have been developed. An optimal energy
reduction plan requires understanding of current network along with future needs. Higher data
rates require more energy per bit for given bit error rate which is producing CO2 and it is threat
to global warming (Goswami and et.al., 2017). So, researcher has focused on green
communication. Some other reasons by which this problem has been found and this new solution
of green wireless communication has been selected include:
 It protects environment from harmful EM radiation.
 It reduces green house gas.
 It also helps us financially because it reduces operational cost for wireless network.
So, overall it can be said that by using multiple antennas at both transmitter as well as receiver,
green wireless communication can improve the overall performance of communication. It also
offers effective and significant data increment without requirement of additional bandwidth
transmits power.
5. Preliminaries
5.1 Project background
Green wireless communication is the practice in which efficient communications technologies
have been selected. It can also be said that it is one of the best technology which has been
developed for reducing co2 emission because it uses convergence of energy efficient
methodologies at different stages. It minimizes adverse and negative effects of technology on
environment. There are around 45 lac of cell phone towers which consumes around 2-3 billion
liters of diesel each year. So, in this regards it can be said that this changes and move from diesel
to solar and other source of energy, result in reduction of around 5 million tons of CO2 emission
and it can have several positive impacts on the environment and living of people (Gandotra and
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Jha, 2017). From previous study and research it has found that green wireless communication
plays a vital role in energy saving. The main aim of selecting this topic for this research is
improving the efficiency of energy. This advanced technology mainly used convergence of
energy efficient technique at different stages. So, it can be said that renewable energy sources
generate million of carbon credits. There are several other benefits which have been discussed in
previous study such as: it reduces operating expenses.
5.2 Techniques used in green wireless communication
Green antennas and green technologies
In this context it can be said that solar power is main and primary source of renewable energy.
Green antennas also plays an important role in producing green communication as it its ground
plane, inserted in it simultaneously act as light-reflecting surfaces for the solar-cell system.
These green antennas are being used for advanced wireless communication. As compare to
traditional technology, green technology helps us out in decreasing carbon footprint, reduces
waste and consumes reduced energy (Thao, Luan and Van Yem, 2016).
Device to device communication: It is a radio access technology which makes people able to
communicate directly in an effective manner when they are in close proximity. This technique
can increase network’s efficiency. When users communicate directly in this technique then ot
causes offloading of data traffic. It also saves large amount of power which is beneficial for
environment and people as well. People consume less energy that leads to less CO2 emission.
Heterogeneous networks
This access network technique consists of several macro as well as small cells. All micro, fico as
well as femto small power cells allow green 5G communication. All these mixed wireless
systems and cells bring the end users closer to the network by increasing signal to interference
noise ratio. This technique is mainly used for providing effective and good quality of service and
also reduces bandwidth issues (Chen and et.al., 2016).
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5.3 Challenges
On the other hand, it can be said that implementing green wireless communication is not
an easy task as there are several challenges are associated with it. Some challenges which are
associated with it includes: spectrum limitations, multiple propagation and energy limitations.
Cost is one of the main factors which are main limitation of this advanced technology.
6. Background
Several things have been discussed in previous study or research about traditional and
green wireless communication. By comparing green communication with traditional
communication, it has been found that new advanced technology of green wireless
communication is having several positive impacts on environment and allowing us to
communicate with each others. Some challenges have also been identified in previous research.
One of the main aim of identifying challenges is to knowing efficiency and analysing all factors
in a critical manner because each coin has 2 sides. So, by identifying both advantages and
disadvantages, researcher can better know about this network and communication. They also find
easier in comparing by knowing all factors as well as aspects. Some main aspects which have
been discussed in research about green wireless network are benefits, challenges and overall
outcomes.
6.1 Challenges with green communication
With huge and several benefits, green communication have some disadvantages which can slow
the deployment of this green solution. Some major problems associated with this technology
which have been identified in research include:
Cost: It is found that green wireless communication consumes less energy which can save
money but for implementation there is requirement of new infrastructure which can increase
overall cost. One of the main costly networks is heterogeneous. This network is associated with
higher cost than traditional techniques (Ram and et.al., 2019). In addition, energy efficient
schemes in devices also require high computational power which can also increase cost.
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Spectrum efficiency: Spectrum efficiency is other main problem which requires effective
consideration. For better understanding there is requirement of understanding proportional ratio
of transmission rate with transmit power and in this context it is found that transmission rate is
directly proportional with the amount of available transmit bandwidth. For making
communication powerful, there is requirement of controlling transmission power which can
affect data rate.
Bandwidth: Bandwidth requirements in green wireless communication are other limitation and
issue as it is directly associated with the transmission rate and transmit power. If bandwidth is
being expanded then it may reduce energy consumption. There is also requirement of integration
with existing networks which can affect network and efficiency of network. It is important to
address this issue because for the successful implementation of green communication and having
all expected positive outcomes. In addition, it can also be said that there is requirement of using
large amount of antennas which can increase power consumption and it can increase cost.
So, overall it can be said that there are some challenges of green communication along
with several benefits which needs to be solved out in a timely and effective manner.
6.2 Challenges with traditional communication
For better understanding usage and effectiveness of green wireless communication, it is
important to identify challenges associated with traditional communication. It becomes easier to
compare effectiveness of both and selecting the best one. Some challenges associated with
traditional communication which put pressure for implementing and using green communication
include:
Unlicensed frequency spectrum is one of the main problem associated with this. For solving this
problem there is requirement of implementing technologies but all technologies which can help
in reducing negative impacts are comparatively costly. So, it can be said that cost and efficiency
are main problems , associated with traditional wireless communication. Other main problem
which put pressure for developing as well as implementing green wireless communication is
negative impacts on the environment, Traditional communication increase co2 emission which is
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the main threat to global warming. Global warming is not only affect environment but also it
affects people and their health (Faraci and et.al., 2020). In traditional communication, non
renewable resources are being used which is affecting future needs to the great extent. So, as per
the sustainability point of view it can be said that green wireless communication is better than
traditional communication.
7. Results
On the basis of above discussion, overall it can be said that green wireless communication
is better than traditional communication as there are several benefits of it. Some limitations have
also been identified by research but by comparing green communication with traditional, several
effectiveness have been found. Some advantages which proves that green wireless
communication has several benefits. It also justifies the reason of selection of this topic.
7.1 Advantages of green communication
In Green wireless communication some technologies are being used which helps in saving
large amount of energy. As compared to traditional communication, green wireless
communication improves effectiveness as it uses green hardware devices that can decrease the
efficiency in each generation as peak to their average power ratios increases. Other main
advantages and reasons for which it has been developed is: reduction of carbon footprint.
Increasing usage of telecommunication due to increased population, it hurts natural resources
and environment and also hurting future needs. But by making use of renewable as well as green
technologies such negative impacts can be reduced (Zarakovitis, Ni and Kourtis, 2018). While
implementing green wireless communication, some steps are being followed which helps them
out in reducing carbon footprint and all negative impacts on the environment such as:
 Proper radio planning
 Sharing of backhaul network
 Installing outdoor based station
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 Sharing both active and passive infrastructure and using energy efficient
technology.
7.2 Reasons of application
In the context of reasons of application of green wireless communication it can be said that
besides being environmentally friendly, this technology has strong economic incentive that can
reduce the energy consumption of mobile communication networks. Energy consumption is
increasing due to increasing population and changing needs of people and it is increasing energy
cost which can affect economy. It is predicted that footprint of mobile communication might be
tripled by 2020 and can hurt people and environment to the great extent. So it is one of the main
reasons of thinking about green and environmental friendly wireless communication. It can saves
energy consumption to the great extent as compared to traditional communication. People find
problems in managing energy bills so; they want technology which can satisfy their needs at
affordable prices. Green wireless communication can reduce energy consumption and it is
directly proportional to operating expenditure. It will be effective to use renewable energy for
telecom networks because it can help all of us in improving health, maintaining sustainability by
reducing environmental impacts of mobile radio networks by expanding results of OPERA net
project. So, overall it can be said that there are several benefits of green wireless network and y
focusing on its disadvantages like cost and others, it can be implemented successfully.
8. Conclusion
It has been concluded from the above discussed factors and detailed analysis that green
wireless communication plays a vital role as it has fewer negative impacts on the environment.
Great demand for green communication is increasing day by day because it reduces CO2
emission and energy requirements. It has discussed some important techniques which are being
used in green communication such as: device to device, massive MIMO, heterogeneous networks
and others. Some drawbacks and advantages has also been highlighted as it helps in
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understanding overall effectiveness and reasons of using or implementing green wireless
communication in this technological world. It has discussed some reasons of implementing and
requirement of green communication and one of the main reasons is positive environmental
impacts and less power consumption. It does not hurt future needs of people and maintain
sustainability. This present study has shown some limitations or disadvantages which needs to be
focused for successful implementation of green communication. Some main limitations and
disadvantages include: increasing cost, bandwidth and spectrum efficiency.
Suggestions for future development
On the basis of above study it can be said that green communication is the best technique for
reducing negative environmental impacts. Some areas have been found which needs to be
improved for having all positive outcomes of green communication. Main areas which are
creating barriers in the successful implementation are: cost, bandwidth and increasing power
consumption due to increasing use of device to device communication technique. So, in this
regard it can be recommended that combination of device to device communication technique
could serve as an effective technique for the energy efficiency needs of 5G systems. Other main
areas on which technological department requires focusing the most is network security as well
as secure power optimization. By focusing on network security, green communication can be
made successful. Due to increased level of device connectivity and data sharing, it can increase
network issue which can hurt private and professional information. So, all these areas need to be
focused the more.
In addition, energy measurement methods as well as efficiency metrics can also help IT in
measuring profiles which can help them out in identifying energy efficiency of
telecommunication equipment. These methods and metrics can also help in comparing
equipment of same class and selecting effective and the best one. Assessment methods can also
being used as it can help in knowing circular scoring. For this method there is requirement of
performing main 3 steps such as: setting applicability of each criteria, assessing margin of
improvement and calculating circularity score. So, overall it can be said that there is requirement
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of implementing and using performance metrics which can help in identifying electiveness and
areas for improvement for successful implementation.
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REFERENCES
Book and Journals
Chen, X. and et.al., 2016. Smart channel sounder for 5G IoT: From wireless big data to active
communication. IEEE Access, 4, pp.8888-8899.
Faraci, G. and et.al., 2020. Green wireless power transfer system for a drone fleet managed by
reinforcement learning in smart industry. Applied Energy, 259, p.114204.
Gandotra, P. and Jha, R.K., 2017. A survey on green communication and security challenges in
5G wireless communication networks. Journal of Network and Computer
Applications, 96, pp.39-61.
Goswami, K. and et.al., 2017. Different I/O Standard and Technology Based Thermal Aware
Energy Efficient Vedic Multiplier Design for Green Wireless Communication on
FPGA. Wireless Personal Communications, 96(2), pp.3139-3158.
Ram, M. and et.al., 2019. Enabling green wireless sensor networks: Energy efficient T-MAC
using Markov chain based optimization. Electronics, 8(5), p.534.
Thao, H.T.P., Luan, V.T. and Van Yem, V., 2016. Design of compact frequency reconfigurable
planar invert-F antenna for green wireless communications. IET
Communications, 10(18), pp.2567-2574.
Zarakovitis, C.C., Ni, Q. and Kourtis, M.A., 2018. Enabling radioprotection capabilities in next
generation wireless communication systems: An ecological green
approach. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 29(10),
p.e3488.
Zarakovitis, C.C., Ni, Q. and Spiliotis, J., 2016. Energy-efficient green wireless communication
systems with imperfect CSI and data outage. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications, 34(12), pp.3108-3126.
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